Vix. 4. Calculate the magnitude of Poynting vector atthe surface of the sun. Given that power radiated by sun = 38 x 10° watts and radius of sun= 7 x 10° m. Solution. From definition of Poynting vector, itis the power radiated per unit area and surface area of sun is 4cR”, R being radius of sun, 2. If Pis the total power radiated by sun. P= Sank P 38 x 10% ie. Sy 5 = 6175 x 10” wat/m?, 4nR’ 4x 314 x (7 x 10°) Ex, 5. Ifthe average distance between the sun and earth is 1-5 x 10" m, thow that the average solar energy incident on the earth is ~ 2 cal/cm*-min (called the solar constant). (Meerut 1968) Solution. If ris the distance between sun and earth, and Poynting vector at the surface of earth, then S.4nr = P38 x 10" De ST watt? S14 x (os xo = 38 x10 x60 i 4x 31d x 5 x 105 xan eT 2 circular plates, each of radius a. It is being : 3 charged. Show that the rate at which energy 2 < {flow into the capacitor from the surrounding : space is equal fo the rate at which the stored ie electrical energy increases. 7 Solution. Let E be the electric field at — any instant within the capacitor during the s charging process. Its direction is perpendicular to plates and directed from (4) and (-) plate. , ee, As changing electric field produces a magneti¢'field given by Ode Beal = pip & $ Beat = pot a , Butog= J, E-dS and B = jigH in free space a J to Heidt = Ho 3, J Bods a J Hed = 095, J E-dS and ‘As H is perpendicular to length of plates, we have HOQna)=e2 (Ena) 1, 2E = ers al) ‘The directions of S, E and Hare shown in fig. Poynting vector S=E x H In magnitude S = EH sin 90° = EH using (1) s=£(p%05} 24 “i The rate of flow of field energy into the capacitor through its cylindrical surface will be p=-| S-dA= J, SdA A (as $ and area element dA are antiparallel) 2,,08 . (2)Energy stored in capacitor v=} Endl fon Rate of increase of electrical energy Ww le 528 vas? = peu 2EG (nab 2 =e) na 1 E- mt (3) Clearly (2) and (3) are identical.seo ponn and Electromagnetic Way res If the earth receives 2 cal min” en? a cni~* solar energy, what are the amplitudes of electric and a shite field af radon Solution. From Poynting theorem the energy flux per unit a ee UR O.8 AS) arenes rea per second is ‘The energy flux per unit area per second at eatth is ca a a? Deal min” em? = 2442108 joules nit? sea? Q Comparing (1) and (2), we get i oe 2x 42 x 10° EH = 2X42 10 _ 1499 8) 60 But E_a{to 4n x10" 7 = Vio = Vf, = 316. : A ee 885 x 10°" o Multiplying equations (3) and (4), we get E? = 1400 x 3766 E = Y(1400 x 3766) = 726-1 volt/m. Substituting this value of Ein (3), we get of = ED = 100. 4 925amp-tur/m. «, Amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields of radiation are Ey = EN2 = 7261 x 2 = 1027 volt/m. Hy = BND = 19282 = 2.730 amp-turn/m . Ii the energy from «1000 watt lamp is radiated uniformly, calculate the averaee ectric and raagnetic fields of radiation ata distance of 2m from the lamp. the lamp as a point source, the total lux energy over a sphere drawn round the = 1000 joule/sec, ane? = an x2 = 16K ne Ex. 8. Assuming that a values of the intensities of ¢ Solution. Considering amp as centre is 1000 watt This energy flux falls on area 1000 16° Hence from Poynting theorem - therefore the energy flux per unit area per watt/m second = ~) Evi = 3766. 6) ® 1000 and ‘Multiplying equations (5) and ©, we get 2° 48:87 volt/m. get Substituting the value of Ein equation (5), We- Electromagnetic Theory and Electrédyitihidy 7 1000 La 1000 __ = 0-1297 amp-turn/m - 16m’ E 16m’ x 48:87