PAINTING RELATED QUESTIONS

1) What is the meaning of Corrosion?

Ans: Corrosion is the deterioration of a material, Usually a metal
reaction with environment

2) Surface preparation includes

a) Solvent cleaning, b) flame cleaning, c) chemical cleaning, d)
brushing, e) abrasive blasting, e) water blasting, e) sanding
d) ALL (CLICK Whichever applicable)

Ans: All of the above

3) What are the methods followed for Paint application?

Ans: Airless spray, Conventional Spray, Brush , Roller

4) Why is surface temperature considered so important during

paint application.

Ans : Temperature have significant (Important) impact on the

surface preparation and Coating
Operations

6) What is the meaning of Due point temp: the temperature at

The temperature at which air becomes saturated and produces
dew.

Relative Humidity:
the amount of water vapor present in air expressed as a
percentage of the amount needed for
Saturation at the same temperature.
7) What is RFI and why considered this as impot1ant document?
Request For Inspection
(A) Must describe with reasonable particularity each item or
category of items to be inspected;
(B) Must specify a reasonable time, place, and manner for the
inspection and for performing the
related acts;

8) SAES means: Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

9) SAEP means: Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure

1 0) SAIC means: Saudi Aramco Inspection Check List

11) SA TIP means: Saudi Aramco Typical Inspection Plan

12) ~ SAES H - 001 : Coating Selection & Application

Requirements for Industrial Plants &
Equipment

13) SAES H - 002 : Internal and External Coatings for Steel

Pipelines and Piping

14) SAES H - 002V: Approved Aramco Data Sheet for the

Pipeline Maintenance External Coating

15) SAES H - 003 : Protective Coatings for Industrial Concrete

Structures
16) SAES H - 100 : Materials & Application Requirements for
Industrial Facilities

17) SAES H - 101: Approved Protective Coating Systems for

Industrial Plants & Equipment

18) SAES H - 101 V: Approved Saudi Aramco Data Sheets -

Paints and Coatings

19) SAES H- 102 : Safety Requirement for Coating Application

20) SAES H - 200: Storage, Handling and Installation of

Externally Coated Pipe

21) SAES H - 201: General Specifications for Over-the-Ditch

External and Internal FBE Coating
of Field Girth Welds

22) SAES H - 202 : Storage handling and installation for

weight- coated pipe

23) SAES H - 203 : Hand applied tap warping of Buried pipe

24) SAES H- 204 : General Specifications and Application

Procedures of Heat-Shrink Sleeves to Coated Pipe

25) SA TR means : Saudi Aramco Test Report

26) NCR means Non Conformation Report

27) SIS 05 5900: Pictorial Standards

28) SSPC Vis - 1 : Stands Guide and Reference Photographs for
Steel Surfaces Prepared by DryAbrasive Blast Cleaning

29) SSPC SP - I : Stands for Solvent Cleaning

30) SSPC SP - 2: Stands for Hand Tool Cleaning

31) SSPC SP- 3: Stands for Power Tool Cleaning

32) SSPC SP - 4 : Stands for Flame Cleaning

33) SSPC SP - 5 : Stands for White Metal Blasting

34) SSPC SP - 6 : Stands for Commercials Blast Cleaning

35) SSPC SP - 7: Stands for Brush Of Blast Cleaning

36) SSPC SP- 8 : Stands for Pickling

37) SSPC SP- 9 : Stands for

38) SSPC SP - 10 : Stands for Near White Metal Blast Cleaning

39) SSPC SP- 11 : Stands for Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal

40) SSPC SP- 12: Stands for Water Jetting Blast Cleaning

41) SSPC P A- 2 : Stands for Measurement of Dry coating

thickness gauge with a magnetic
42) Thin film coating ranges:

Coatings with an average dry film thickness of20 mills (500

microns) or less

43) Thick film coating ranges:

Coatings with an average dry film thickness greater than 20 mils
(500 microns)

44) Solvents and coating shall not be applied to surface warmer

than ............... 80 ............ °C if
practical alternative exists.

45) Respirable air fed hoods shall be worn by all personal inside
confined space when solvent cleaning or brush painting is in
progress in a confined space having volume of less than
16 M3

46) Air receiver used between compressor and blasting pot shall
be manufactured and stamped in
accordance with ... ASME SEC VIII D 1 ......... and/or shall have
hydro-tested at 1. 73 Mpa (250 .psi,

47) Grounding wire for blasting and coating equipment shall be

AWG 4G or larger

48) Coating crew shall have worn: (1-Safety shoes, 2-safety

helmet, 3-goggles, 4-ear plug, S-half
sleeve shirt, 6-half pant, 7-leather hand gloves, 8-disposable full
cover cloth) -Tickwhichever applicable.

49) Blasting shall be equipped with Remote control shutoff of

the DEADMAN type: Yes/NO

50) Airless spray guns shall be pointed at any one or part ofhis
body: Yes I No

51) Paints on human body can be removed by thinner YES/NO

52) Sigma paint's primer- base can be mixed with Jotun paint's
primer catalyst: YES/NO

53) Maximum working pressure on paint hose, machine shall be

less than ...... 5000 psi

54) Solvents shall not be flushed out into container watmer than
...... 50 ........... °C

55) Coating shall not be applied if the steel temperature is less

than 10°C

56) Substrate temperature shall be at least 3°C

above the dew point temperature.

57) Coating materials temporarily can be stored at site under

cover/tarpaulin for not exceeding
14. days
58) Sulfate content in abrasives shall be less than 50ppm
59) Chloride content in abrasives shall be less than 50 ppm
60) Calcium carbonate content in abrasives shall be within .
1 % in weight.

61) Dew points shall be recorded every 2 hours.

62) How dew point temperature defects coating? dew-point

temperature. Failure to consider
these parameters can result in severe coating defects

63) Plotter test shall be carried out at 50 (psi) pressure; the

distance between blotting paper and
nozzle pressure shall be 45 to 60 c m. The test should be run for
l minute after running
compressor idle for 5 minutes.

64) One bar is equal to --- 14.503773800721815------------- psi

65) Blasted surface shall be painted within 4 hrs. after blasting.

66) Spent abrasives normally shall be re-used. Yes/NO. If YES,

which APCS allows for it?

67) Blasting profile can be measured by : Dial micro meter with

replica tape, Surface profile
needle gauge.

68) Hypodermic needle gauge is used for measuring nozzle

pressure
69) Comb gauge is used for measuring wet flim thickness

70) Electromagnetic gauge is used for measuring dry flim

thickness

71) Sling psychrometer is used for measuring wet bulb dry bulb
temperature

72) Contact thermometer is used for measuting surface

temperature

73) Thermometer is used for measuring surface temperature

74) Pyrometer is used for measuring surface temperature

75) Dew point (diaphragm) calculator is used for calculating

dew point, relative humidity

76) Coating activities shall not be carried out if the following

occurs:
(a) Rainy weather condition: (b) Strong windy conditions that
blowout sand and
contaminants in to coating. (c) Snowing and icy cold weather
condition.

77) Coating skins shall be cut and removed from already opened
paint container. Yes/no

78) If sludge formed in bottom of paint container, it shall be

continuously stirred until fully
homogenous mix: Yes/No

79) Thinner can be added to paint If paint data sheet does not
specify for that . . . YIN

80) Paint brush size will be-------5---------inch (maximum)

81) Wet sponge holiday detector is checked with 67.5/ 90 DC

volts for DFT not exceeding 500

82) Some buried coatings shall not be 100% holiday checked

prior to burial : YES/NO

83) Bare cast iron pipe shall be coated prior to burial in sukkahs
area or other frequently wetted
ground. YES/NO

84) Buried Stainless Steel lines shall have external coated :YES/
NO

85) Pipe to be thrust bored shall be coated YES/NO

86) How many types oftoo1 cleaning performed in surface

preparation?

87) What is the formula for finding: DFT = WFT * 100 I VS

WFT = DFT * 100 I VS

88) Find out DFT, if WFT - 150 micron and Volume Solid -50%
89) Find out WFT, if DFT- 75micron and Volume Solid- 50%

90) SAEP 316 stands for coating personal

91) Use of sand for blasting in Saudi Aramco is permitted.

YES/NO.

92) Pre-blast inspections carried out to find: a) OIL/CREASE b)

Sharp edges, c) weld spatters, d) Rust grade, e) Adhesion test f)
blasting profile g) DFT (../as applicable)

93) Paints exceeded shelf life shall be used for painting :

YES/NO

94) Paints which have gelled can be used for painting: YES/NO

95) For quantities less than 5 liters of paint, Power stirrer is

required: YES/NO

96) If steel temperature is below 10 deg Celsius, paint can be

applied: YES/NO

97) If steel temperature is less than 3 deg above the dew point,
paint can be applied: YES/NO

98) Coating can be with dry spray, sagging, pinhole and blisters.
YES/NO

99) What is the minimum requirement of airless spray machine

raising ratio ..... .45:1/ 68: 1 ..... .
100) In repair, below 0.1M2 damage of paint, spot cleaning to
be by using ... hand power tool Tooland paint application will be
by ... brush.

101) In repair above 0.1M2 damage of paint, Surface

preparation to be by abrasive blasting method and paint
application will be by Spray

102) The maximum length of field girth weld coating on

pipeline shall bell inch or 280.mm

103) The fully remote controlled crawling machine with 2

cameras shall be used for checking of
internal cleaning & coating of piping from ... 10 ...... inch dia to
...... 20 .... Inch dia pipe.

104) The weld cap or internal root protrusion shall not be more
than ...... 13 .mm

1 05) For cleaning of internal surface, sand can be used as

abrasives. YES/NO

1 06) How many readings of DFT shall be taken for one field
weld joints? 6 Readings

1 07) Curing test on FBE can also be checked by MEK ....

Soaked pad in contact with coated
surface for 1 minute followed by vigorous rubbing for 30..
seconds.

1 08) What is the field adhesion test on FBE? X Cut

1 09) What is meaning of custom coated pipes?

11 0) What is the meaning of Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE)?

Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coating is a powder coating broadly
used to provide protection to
pipelines, steel pipes

111) What APCS is followed for internal FBE coating of pipe?

112) What APCS is followed for external FBE coating of pipe?

113) Vendor shall maintain samples ofFBE powder with

relevant certificate till1 year. YES/NO

114) In X-cut test, what is length of 2 incisions?13mm

115) What is the maximum temperature allowed while testing of

pipes? 88.C

116) What is the DC volt range for Holiday testing of FBE

coating? 2400 volts

117) Coated pipes checked for cracks by using 1 OX

magnificent glass. YES/NO
118) Small defects ofFBE coating considered upto
................................. mm2
119) Large defects of FBE coating considered exceeding ...
.............................. mm2

120) Damages exceeded the area of 1860 CM2 shall be totally ...
recoated (discardedlrecoated)

136) If coating is too thick, the coating will ... to crack as it

dries, ..... .
137) What is the meaning of blistering?
In damp weather, a small quantity of water vapor is absorbed
into the paint structure and is then evaporated again in dry
conditions (osmosis).

138) What is the meaning of Sagging?

Over application of paint, excessive thinners, wrong (lack) of
curing agent or just poor workmanship. Could, in extreme
circumstances, be a formulation problem.

139) What is pinhole?

Air trapped in putty. Excessive putty film thickness.
Incorrect spray viscosity for surface materials. Excessive surface
film thickness. Insufficient flash-off between coats

140) What is cracking?

Cracks of various lengths, widths and depths

141) What is chalking?

Decomposition of the binding agents at the paint surface
resulting in the release of the
color pigments. Reds and yellow colors tum whitish and dark
blues turn bronze.

142) What is Orange peel?

Poor surface texture of the paint similar to
the surface texture of an orange skin.

143) What is cratering?

Trapped air bubbles which have burst to leave small craters as
the coating dries. The coating
has insufficient time to flow into a uniform film.

144) What is wrinkling?

Textured paint surface with uneven wave type formation that
occurs when the paint surface
dries faster than the substrate coats. This problem only occurs in
the presence of
synthetic enamels.

145) What is peel off & lifting?

Peel off : Loss of adhesion between paint and substrate - topcoat
to primer and/or old finish,
or primer to substrate.
LIFTING: Surface distortion or shriveling, while the topcoat is
being applied or while drying

146) What is the runs?

These are beads, droplets, larger globules or "curtain effect" in
the paint finish on vertical
surfaces.

147) SAES-H-001 refers to Coating Selection and application

requirements for Industrial Plants
and equipment’s.

148) SAES-H-002 refers to Internal and External coatings for

steel pipelines and piping
149) SAES-H-002V refers to coating material & application
requirement for industrial facilities

150) SAES-H-003 refers to Protective coating for Industrial

Concrete structure
151) SAES-H-1 01 refers to Approval protective coating
systems for industrial plants and
Equipment’s

152) SAES-H-1 02refers to Safety Requirement for coating

applications

153) SAES-H-200 refers to Storage handling and installation of

externally coated pipe

154) SAES-H-201 refers to general Specification for over the

ditch external and internal FBEcoating of field weld girth.

155) What is the SA TIP reference for "Paint application of

liquid coating system for Industrial facilities"?

156) What are the SAICs to be followed in SATIP-H-100-01

157) For blasting nozzle size of 1/2", what shall be the minimum
CFM of compressor? 412 cfm

158) Surface preparation A-Sa2 ~ is same as of D-S a2~ : Yes/No

(Describe why?)
159) What are the responsibilities of Coating Inspectors with
regard to Specifications?
160) A mist coat application cannot be used on inorganic zinc to
displace the air before over coating- TRUE/FALSE :

161) For Girth Weld Applications, Visco-Elastic Coatings Shall

Cover 1.5 times the width of the
girth weld bare area for pipe diameter up to 12" and 2 times the
width of the girth weld bare area for pipe diameter greater than
12" - TRUE/FALSE:

162) Define: Sa 2 and Sa 2.5 in Abrasive Blasting?,

Sa 2 Thorough blast cleaning. Almost all mill scale, rust and

foreign matter shall be
removed. Finally, the surface is cleaned with a vacuum cleaner,
clean dry
compressed air or a clean brush. It shall be greyish in color and
conespond in appearance to the prints designated Sa 2.
Sa 2 ~ Very thorough blast cleaning. Mill scale, rust and foreign
matter shall be removed to the extent that the only traces
remaining are slight stains in the forms of spots or stripes.
Finally, the surface is cleaned with a vacuum
cleaner, clean dry compressed air or a clean brush. It shall the
conespond in appearance to the prints designated Sa 2~.

163) What SAES to be refered for "Safety Requirements for

Coating Applications"
SAES - H- 102
164) What is minimum Nozzle air pressure required for
Abrasive blasting as per SAES-H-100,
90 psi

165) Why feathering or beveling of coating damage edge

prepared?

166) Polyamide Epoxy based paint can be over coated on

enamel based paints: YES/NO

167) What SAES to be referred for Blotter test, briefly explain

the test method?
Attach a piece of blotter or absorbent paper to a clip board, then
hold it approximately 45-60 in front of the blast nozzle during
air flow only, with a nozzle pressure of388 kPa (50
psi) for approximately one minute Satisfactory results shall be
no water or oil contamination
on the blotter

168) What SAES to be refer for color coding and

identification_B067_

169) Inspector shall check and approve the air quality at stat1
and Mid-Point of each 8 Hours period as per Saudi Aramco
Engineering Standards.

170) What is meaning of Sacrificial Coating?,

A corrosion prevention method in which a metal coating is
subjected to preferential corrosion as a means of protecting the
substrate metal.
Sacrificial coatings The process of coating a metal surface with
another metal that is more likely to be oxidized is referred to as
sacrificial coating Cathodic protection replicates the effects of a
sacrificial coating but with a more active metal
17 1) Mention Generic type ________ _

172) What is the Voltage requirement for Holiday Detection

Test for field applied Girth Weld Coating on H.V.S liquid epoxy
(APCS 113A), ___ _

173) What is the Min- Max. Voltage requirement for Holiday

Detection Test on Hand Applied Tape Wrap of(APCS 113 C),
Min ... .. .... .. ... ..... ... Volts, Max ........... ...................... Volts

174) What is the surface preparation requirement for stopaq

(wrapping) application?

175) How many type of cutting angle of TOOK GAUGE blades

are used: Define the type , angle
and applicable dry film thickness –

176) What is the meaning of induction time and I or Pot life?

Time the coating is kept after mixing before application
Amount of time after mixing a two-part paint system during
which it can be applied.

177) What is meant by Curing Mechanism:

Coatings that cure by solvent or water evaporation are
unchanged chemically during curing. They are said to be
thermoplastic, because they can be softened by heat or by
solvent. Chemically curing coatings are said to be thermosetting,
because they are not softened by heating or by solvent.

178) Define the term "Coating" is a paint or coating defined by

its protective, rather than its aesthetic properties, although it can
provide both.
A layer of a substance spread over a surface for protection or
decoration; a covering layer.

179) Define the terms "Atomization"

the breakup of a liquid into small particles to produce a fine
mist. Paint guns use compressed air to atomize paint for
spraying.

180) Define the terms "Polymerizations":.

Polymerization is the joining together of a string or structure of
repeated units. Main constituents of the polymers are Hydrogen,
carbon, Nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine.

181) How many types of Polymerizations can occurs:

a. Linear polymers,
b. Branched polymers
c. Cross linked polymers

182) Conventional Coating consists of two major Components:

183) What will be the effect if 1) too much thinner be used 2)

too little thinner be used in the
paint.

184) Name the coating Non-destructive inspection instruments:

Magnetic Horse Shoe Gauges, banana gauges, and Tinsley
Pencil.
Electronic gauges: Electro Magnetic Induction & Eddy current
Probes

185) Define the Visco-Elastic & adhesive Tape wrap

overlapping system for APCS 113C.

186) Difference between Polyamide and polyamine epoxy

paints:

187) While repair on touch up of Galvanized steel surface, what

generic paint used as primer
normally?

188) What shall be the sizes of hose for compressor to pot, pot
to nozzle, breathing air filter to blaster's hood?

189) 4Jlg/CM2 is equal to ............................ mg/M 2

190) Can Zinc Rich Epoxy can be applied to Austenitic Stainless
Steel surface? Why?

191) While surface preparation inspection, what are the test can
be carried out?
Before the start of surface preparation for coating, all necessary
construction or modification of items requiring coating should
have been completed. This includes grinding of welds and
sharp edges and filling of pits. Likewise, the surface must be
free from all contaminants. Also, the job site must then be
inspected for complete readiness (i.e., all required operational
and support equipment is present, and access for inspection of
work is available). This includes safety aspects such as ladders
and scaffolding, power, and traffic control, so that the
inspector can safely perform his duties.

192) On FBE shop application, what are the coating tests to be

carried out?

193) How adjust spray gun?

194) calculate the size of compressor for following a) 1 Blast

nozzle, b) 1 Blast nozzle+ 1 Blast
hood, c) 1 Blast nozzle + 1 Blast hood + 1 Exhaust fan.

195) How many photographs in SSPC VIS-1? 50 full color

photos

196) Can we measure 155 microns profile with Replica Tape

Method?

197) what is the min & max distance of airless spray gun from
the surface?
198) Air Temperature is 32 degree and Relative humidity is 70%
. What is Dew point?
a) 26 b)20 c) 31
199) Airless spray uses which pressure?
a) 60 to 100 psi
b) 600 to 1 000 psi
c) 2000 to 3500 psi

200) what is measured by Zahn cup?

a) %of thinner added
b) Ratio of mixtures
c) ...... ........ ........ ...... .

201) In ASTM D-714 blistering standard, the value of 6F refers

to?

202) An "Induction time" for a coating system is the.

(a) Time the coating is kept after mixing before application.

203) the tip size of an airless spray gun is denoted as 421. This
means
The fan width is 40 degree and the nozzle is 0.021 inches

185 Grounding shall be carried out for the below mentioned

equipment:
(a) Air compressor
(b) Blasting nozzle.
(c) Air receiver drum
(d) Airless spray machine
(e) All of the above equipment
186 Abrasive blasting and spray coating application shall not be
done in:
(a) Rainy weather condition:
(b) Strong windy conditions that blowout sand and contaminants
in to coating.
(c) Snowing and icy cold weather condition.
(d) All the above weather conditions
14