Artificial Intelligence

Knowledge Management
 Kanika Aggarwal

Ishita Agarwal
Sincere
efforts by: Vatsal Srivastava

Rohit Yadav

(BCA 3rd Year Section A)

Points of discussion:

• Overview
Ishita
• Types of AI

• History
Kanika
• Goals Of AI

• Advantages
Vatsal
• Disadvantages

• Use Cases/ Applications

Rohit • Risk/ Challenges
• Responsible AI
Overview of AI
• AI- one of the booming technologies of computer science.
• John McCarthy- Known as the father of AI.
• In a simple terms, AI means the ability to make the machines think and act like
humans.
• Definitions:
1) According to John McCarthy, AI is “The science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”.
2) “It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent
machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make
decisions.”
3) “Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes
the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans.”
• One of the most popular AI application is the Google’s Search Engine.
Branches of Artificial Intelligence
➢ Machine Learning:
Machine learning is a part of AI which provides intelligence to machines with the ability
to automatically learn with experiences without being explicitly programmed. Machine
learning can be subdivided into 3 types: Supervised ML, Reinforcement ML and
Unsupervised ML.

➢ Deep Learning:
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning which provides the ability to machine to
perform human-like tasks without human involvement. Deep learning is the primary
technology behind self-driving cars, speech recognition, etc.

➢ Natural Language Processing (NLP):

Natural language processing is a subfield of computer science and artificial intelligence.
NLP enables a computer system to understand and process human language such as
English.

➢ Expert Systems:
An expert system is an AI-based computer system that learns and reciprocates the
decision-making ability of a human expert. For e.g., Google Search box
➢ Robotics:
Robotics is a branch of Artificial Intelligence which focuses on different branches and
application of robots. AI Robots are artificial agents acting in a real-world
environment to produce results by taking accountable actions. For e.g., Sophia robot

➢ Machine Vision:
Machine vision is an application of computer vision which enables a machine to
recognize the object. This systems are programmed to perform narrowly defined
tasks such as counting objects, reading the serial number, etc.

➢ Speech Recognition:
Speech recognition is a technology which enables a machine to understand the
spoken language and translate into a machine-readable format. It can also be said as
automatic Speech recognition and computer speech recognition.
Types of AI
Types of Artificial Intelligence
 1) Weak AI or Narrow AI:
Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able
to perform a dedicated task with intelligence.
The most common and currently available AI is
Narrow AI in the world of Artificial Intelligence.
They can only perform certain pre-programmed
tasks.
BASED ON 2) General AI:
General AI is a type of intelligence which could
ABILITY perform any intellectual task with efficiency like
a human. The idea behind the general AI to
make such a system which could be smarter
and think like a human by its own.
3) Super AI:
Super AI is a hypothetical concept in AI
research. This is a level of Intelligence of
Systems at which machines could surpass
human intelligence.
 1) Reactive Machines:
Reactive machines are the most basic types of
Artificial Intelligence. They do not store memories
or learnings from past experiences for future
actions. For e.g.- IBM's Deep Blue system.
2) Limited Memory:
Limited memory machines can store past
experiences or some data for a short period of
BASED ON time. For e.g.- Self-driving cars.
3) Theory of Mind:
FUNCTIONALITY It is an advanced AI that does not exist. The
purpose behind building such an AI is to make
computer understand human emotions, people,
and beliefs.
4) Self-Awareness:
Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial
Intelligence. These machines will be super
intelligent, and will have their own consciousness,
sentiments, and self-awareness. It is a hypothetical
concept.
History of AI
Goals Of AI
• Strong AI: Since its inception, Artificial Intelligence has been ambitious to
replicate human intelligence. Strong AI deals with designing a machine whose
intelligence is unparalleled and indistinguishable from that of humans.
Although this goal created great interest in the early days of AI, practical
difficulties have weakened the optimism.
• Applied AI: Applied AI is a more practical adaptation of Strong AI and works
on producing smart systems that are commercially feasible. Applied AI has
shown immense success by using advanced information processing. Biometric
scanners, personal assistants, medical diagnosis systems, etc. are based on
applied AI.
• Cognitive Simulation: Another goal of AI is to design and test the theories
about the thought process of a human mind. Bioscience disciplines like
Neuroscience and Psychology are using Cognitive Simulation as a popular tool
to understand how we recall memories or past events and recognize places or
people.
Advantages/Disadvantages of AI
Advantages

1. Zero Human Error

2. Zero Risks
3. Round-the-clock availability
4. AI machines have no emotions
5. AI machines can take decisions faster and smarter
6. Process Automation
Disadvantages
1. AI enabled machines incur heavy costs
2. Machines lack creativity
3. AI is killing jobs
4. AI doesn't understand moral values
Use Cases/ Applications of AI
A curated list of AI usage scenarios:
• Consumer applications • Autonomous Vehicles
• Healthcare • Surveillance
• Manufacturing • Agriculture
• Finance • Virtual Assistance
• E-Commerce • Business
• Gaming • Smart Homes
• Social Media • Bots
• Photography • Education
• All computing • And the list keeps on growing….
Risk/ Challenges with AI
Risks/Challenges with AI:
Challenge or Risk
Bias an affect results
Errors may cause harm
Data could be exposed
Solutions may not work for
everyone
Users must trust a complex system
Who is liable for AI-driven
decisions?
Example
A loan approval model discriminates by gender due to
the bias in the data with which it was trained
An autonomous vehicle experiences a system failure
and causes a collision
A medical diagnostic bot is trained using sensitive
patient data, which is stored insecurely
A predictive app provides no audio output for visually
impaired users
An AI based financial tool makes investment
recommendations – how will you trust it, on what
basis?
An innocent person is convicted of a crime based on
evidence from a Facial Recognition – who is
responsible?
Responsible AI
Principles of Responsible AI
 AI systems should treat all
Fairness
people fairly.

AI systems should perform

Reliability and safety
reliably and safely.

AI systems should be secure

Responsible Privacy and security
and respect privacy.
AI explained: AI systems should empower
Inclusiveness everyone and engage
people.
AI systems should be
Transparency
understandable.

People should be
Accountability
accountable for AI systems.
Thank you!