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REUSE OF PLASTICS WASTE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLOOR TILES

Article  in  Seybold Report · September 2020

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Journal of Seybold Report ISSN NO: 1533-9211

REUSE OF PLASTICS WASTE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF

FLOOR TILES

Mr. Puttaraj M H1, Basavaraj Parangi2, Gagan M S3, Shivu S4, Manjunath S Hallur5
1
Asst. Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering, GMIT Davangere, Karnataka, India.
2
Under Graduate student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, GMIT Davangere, Karnataka, India.
3
Under Graduate student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, GMIT Davangere, Karnataka, India.
4
Under Graduate student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, GMIT Davangere, Karnataka, India.
5
Under Graduate student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, GMIT Davangere, Karnataka, India.
Email: puttarajmh@gmit.ac.in
Abstract: The present investigation at manufacturing Floor tiles using waste plastic in different properties
with Fly ash, without use of cement and comparing it with the normal cement tiles. To evaluate different
physical and mechanical properties, tests like water absorption test, transverse resistance, resistance of
impact and abrasion resistance tests were carried out as per IS specifications on the plastic tile and these
test results were compared with normal cement tiles. The results obtained have shown better result
compared to normal tile. As per this study it can considered to use plastic waste as a binding material
instead of cement in manufacture of floor tiles.

Key words: Floor tiles, Mechanical properties, Physical properties, Fly ash, Waste plastic.

1. INTRODUCTION
Plastic can be reused in various sectors like marketing, manufacturing, transportation etc. In
construction sector, we can use the plastic waste on plastic is a very useful substance in our daily
life work, but after the use of plastic it is very difficult for us to dispose of it because it is a non-
biodegradable substance. After its usage it is a hazardous material. Plastic is a new engineering
material in which researchers take more interest to invest their time and money because it has a
wide scope to enhance the usage of plastic in different work. The properties of plastic are very
unique and it can mix with every kind of material. Plastic is a composition of synthetic and semi
synthetic organic compounds. They are malleable and ductile and remold into any solid
substance. Plastic is used in various objects which we use in our daily life like polythene, plastic
cups, furniture, bags, packaging of food and other accessories, drinking containers, bottles,
frames, basins etc. We need to use better advance techniques and methods to dispose plastic
waste properly; otherwise, the time is not too far away where we see it as a big challenge for us
to dispose it. In India, we use incinerators to dispose the plastic waste in which plastic waste
burns on high temperature. The gases which evolve during this burning process pollute air and
water. Due to this, a large number of people get affected and suffer from many harmful diseases.
Researchers suggest that if plastic isn’t disposed of soon, it can sustain for 4500 years without
degradation. Now, these days the rate of plastic use keeps increasing. So the collection of plastic
waste increasing at a rapid a very large scale after recycling it, which means the problem of
plastic waste, can be removed for a long time period. It seems to be more practicable and
efficient method to solve this problem. In construction field, many types of tiles are used like -
clay tiles etc. In this project we try to us plastic based tiles which have better characteristics than
any other type of tiles. Plastic sand tiles are cheaper than normal tiles. People can easily afford

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these types of tiles.

The wastes plastic in household is large and increases with time. In each country the
waste composition is different, since it is affected by socioeconomic characteristics,
consumption patterns and waste management programs, but generally the level of plastics in
waste composition is high. The largest component of the plastic waste is polyethylene, followed
by polypropylene, polyethylene terepthalate and polystyrene.
The large volume of materials required for construction is potentially a major area for the
reuse of waste materials. Recycling in concrete has advantages since it is widely used and has a
long service life, which means that the waste is being removed from the waste stream for a long
period. Because the amount of mineral aggregates required in concrete is large, the
environmental benefits are not only related to the safe disposal of bulk waste, but also to the
reduction of environmental impacts arising from the extraction of aggregates.

1.1 PLASTICS:

Polymers have a number of vital properties, which exploited alone or together, make a
significant and expanding contribution to constructional needs.
 Durable and corrosion resistant.
 Good Insulation for cold, heat and sound saving energy.
 It is economical and has a longer life.
 Maintenance free (such as painting is minimized)
 Hygienic and clean
 Ease of processing / installation
 Light weight
1.2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLASTICS:
 Polyethylene Terephthalate.
 High-Density Polyethylene.
 Polyvinyl Chloride.
 Low-Density Polyethylene.
 Polypropylene.
 Polystyrene.
1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF PLASTIC:
A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from high-density plastic. Plastic bottles are typically
used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine,
shampoo, milk, and ink. The size ranges from very small bottles to large carboys. Consumer
blow molded containers often have integral handles or are shaped to facilitate grasping. Plastic
was invented in the 19th century and was originally used to replace common materials such as
ivory, rubber, and shellac. Plastic bottles were first used commercially in 1947 but remained
relatively expensive until the early 1950s when high- density polyethylene was introduced.
They quickly became popular with both manufacturers and customers because of their
lightweight nature, relatively low production, and transportation costs compared to glass bottles.

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2 MATERIALS USED
2.1 MATERIALS:
The various materials used for the manufacture of floor tiles using plastic waste discuss
below,
2.1.1 PLASTIC WASTE:
Waste plastic generated from waste elements of plastic bottles and Figure shows a waste
plastic for producing floor tiles.

Fig 1: Plastic Bottle (PET)

2.1.2 FLY ASH:
Fly ash, a solid waste from thermal power plants has been a major source of environmental
pollution. About 95million tones of fly ash is being produced by the various power plants in the
country

2.1.2.1 Fineness of Fly Ash

As per ASTM, the fineness of the fly ash is to be checked in both dry n wet sieving. The
fly ash sample is sieved in 45 micron sieve and the percentage of retained on the 45 micron sieve
is calculated. Further fineness is also measured by LeChatelier method and Blaine specific
surface method.

Fig2: Fly Ash

2.1.2.2 Specific Gravity of Fly Ash:
The specific gravity of fly ash ranges from a low value of 1.90 for a sub-
bituminous ash to a high value of 2.96 for an iron-rich bituminous ash.

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2.1.2.3 Size and Shape of Fly Ash:

As the fly ash is a very fine material, the particle size ranges in between 10 to 100
micron. The shape of the fly ash is usually spherical glassy shaped.
2.1.2.4 Color:
The color of the fly ash depends upon the chemical and mineral
constituents. Lime content in the fly ash gives tan and light colors where as brownish
color is imparted by the presence of iron content. A dark grey to black color is
typically attributed to an elevated un-burned content.

3. METHODOLOGY
The various plastic waste types were processed in various steps as follows:

 Plastic collection: the plastics wastes for recycling were collected around the
Davangere city.

 Manual sorting: each plastic waste type were separated from each other and unwanted
materials were removed from the waste, like in waste plastic bottles, the plastics
normally attached on the skin of bottles and the bottle caps were removed.

 Chipping: the various plastic waste sorted were then chopped into smaller pieces.

 Washing: The chips were then washed to remove glue, paper labels, dirt and any
remnants of the product they once contained

 Melting of Plastic Material: The selected waste plastic from different elements is
weighed crushed and then melted in a container at its melting point (150-170°C).
 Mixing of Materials: After the waste plastic is melted, the fly ash is added to it in the
same container during melting and the mixture is stirred continuously the fly ash shall be
added little by little in quantity and stirred when show that a homogeneous mixed is obtain. Care
shall be taken show that the mixture does not catch fire.

Fig 3: Arrangement for Melting Process Fig 4: Melted Plastic

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Fig 5: Mixing Of Fly Ash in Melted Waste Plastic

 Placing of resin (plastic + fly ash) into mould: Once the homogenous mixture of
waste plastic in melted form and fly ash is formed, the mixture is fed into a mould
of 30cm * 30cm * 2.5cm. The moulds are coated with oil for easy demoulding,
before placing the mixture .The moulds are prepared by MS base plate.
 Demoulding : Once the mould is completely prepared, the mould is cooled either
by air cooling or by placing it in water. After the mould is cooled, the tile is removed
from the mould. The floor tile is now ready with a good surface finish at the top.

Fig 6: Placing Of Mixture resin into Mould.

Fig 7: Completely Prepared Mould Fig 8: Failure of Mould

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4. TEST RESULTS
4.1 WATER ABSORPTION (%):
Water absorption of the oven dried and cooled specimens were tested for water absorption. After
24 hrs of saturation difference in weight is found as 3.8%.

Table1: Water absorption of the specimens.

Water Absorption Average water absorption
Sl. No Specimen
(%) (%)
1. Specimen 1 4.0
2. Specimen 2 3.5 3.8
3. Specimen 3 3.9
4.2 TRANSVERSE STRENGTH (N/MM²):
The floor tiles are need to be stand against the transverse loads so it is tested under CTM
according IS 1464 code provisions. For a normal tile transverse strength is 22.75 N/mm², as per
results we got transverse strength about 10.80 N/mm².

Table2: Transverse Strength of the specimens.

Transverse Strength Average Transverse
Sl. No Specimen
(N/mm²) Strength (N/mm²)
1. Specimen 1 12.0
2. Specimen 2 09.8 10.8
3. Specimen 3 10.6

4.3 ABRASION RESISTANCE (Average loss in thickness in cm):

Abrasion strength of tile, resist against the abrasive action upon the tile in its life. It is found
through Mohr scale.

Table3: Abrasion resistance of the specimens.

Abrasion Resistance Average Abrasion

Sl. No Specimen
(cm) Resistance (cm)
1. Specimen 1 0.7
2. Specimen 2 0.6 0.6
3. Specimen 3 0.5

4.4 IMPACT RESISTANCE (Height of impact resistance in cm):

The free fall of metal sphere of 170gm from the increasing height of 75mm is used for finding
the impact resistance test.

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Table4: Impact resistance of the specimens.

Sl. No Specimen Impact Resistance (cm) Impact Resistance (cm)
1. Specimen 1 31
2. Specimen 2 23 27
3. Specimen 3 27

5. CONCLUSIONS
 Waste plastic, which is available everywhere, may be put to an effective use in tile.
 Plastic tiles can help reduce the environmental pollution, thereby making the
environment clean and healthy.
 Water absorption of plastic tile is zero percent.
 With reference to the literature and this study, plastic waste can be used as a binding
agent instead of cement in the manufacture of tiles, in the pavement construction etc.
REFERENCES
 Dinesh S, Dinesh A, Kirubaran K (2016) “Utilization of waste plastic in manufacturing of
bricks and paver blocks” International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 11
No.3 (2016).
 Noel Deepak Shiri, P. Varun Kajava, Ranjan H. V, Nikhil Lloyd Pais, Vikhyat M. Naik
(2015) “ Processing of Waste Plastics into Building Materials Using a Plastic Extruder and
Compression Testing of Plastic Bricks’’ Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Automation.

 Ganesh Tapkire, Satish parihar, Pramod Patil, Hemraj R Kumavat (2014) “Recycled
Plastic Used in Concrete Paver Block” IJRET: International Journal of Research in
Engineering and technology.

 V.G Smitha; Compressed Plastic Block International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 09 Sep - 2017.
 Archit Hardikar, Omkar Borhade, Swapneel Wagholikar, Abhishek Shivdeo, “Comparative
Analysis of Tiles Made from Recyclable LDPE Plastic waste” VOLUME 08, ISSUE 02
(FEBRUARY 2019)

 Mohammad N. Akhta, Jannisar Akhtar, Omar H. A Hattamleh, Abdulsamee M.Halahla

“Sustainable Fly Ash Based Roof Tiles with Waste Polythene Fiber”.

 Arvind Singhal, Dr. Omprakash Netula, Utalisation of plastic waste in

manufacturing of plastic sand bricks’’3rd International Conference on New
Frontiers of Engineering, Science, Management and Humanities (ICNFESMH-
2018).

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