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and consumers evaluate the satisfaction received. (Kotler & Armstrong, 2009) mentioned that
consumers may skip several steps in the usual purchase process. But when consumers face
with a new and complex purchase situation, they must use all five steps shown in Figure 2.1
Post-Purchase
Evaluation Purchase
According to (Lautiainen, 2015), the decision-making process begins with the recognition of
needs. There are several types of requirements identification. One type is when the buyer is
aware of the needs or problems that may be caused by internal or external stimuli. Internal
stimuli are a basic human need. For example, stomach upset due to hunger will force
consumers to buy foods. External stimuli are, for example, advertisements that make you