TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 1

Ploče opterećenje na savijanje

y Zdxdy
z

dy Mxydy
Mx
Mydx
d x
M xy

Diferencijalna jednačina ploče opterećene na savijanje

∂ 4w ∂ 4w ∂ 4w Z Z ∂ 2w ∂ 2w
+ 2 ⋅ + = ⇒ ∆∆w = ∆w = +
∂x 4 ∂x 2 ⋅ ∂y 2 ∂y 4 k k ∂x 2 ∂y 2

Sile u presecima
 ∂ 2w ∂ 2w   ∂ 3w ∂ 3w 
M x = −k ⋅  2 + ν ⋅ 2  Tx = −k ⋅  3 + 
 ∂x ∂y   ∂x ∂x ⋅ ∂y 2 
 ∂ 2w ∂ 2w   ∂ 3w ∂ 3w 
M y = −k ⋅  2 + ν ⋅ 2  Ty = −k ⋅  3 + 2 
 ∂y ∂x   ∂y ∂x ⋅ ∂y 
∂ 2w E ⋅ h3
M xy = −k ⋅ (1 − ν ) ⋅ k=
∂x ⋅ ∂y 12(1 − ν 2 )

Konturni uslovi duž konture n=const.

w =0
uklještena kontura

 ∂w
 ∂n = 0

w = 0 w = 0
w = 0  
slobodno oslonjena kontura  ⇒  ∂ 2w ∂ 2w ⇒  ∂ 2w
M
 n = 0  2 +ν ⋅ 2 = 0  2 =0
 ∂n ∂t  ∂n

 Mn = 0
slobodna kontura

 ∂Mnt
Tn = Tn + ∂t = 0


∂M xy  ∂ 3w ∂ 3w 
Tx = Tx + = −k ⋅  3 + (2 − ν ) ⋅ 
∂y  ∂x ∂x ⋅ ∂y 2 
∂M xy  ∂ 3w ∂ 3w 
Ty = Ty + = −k ⋅  3 + (2 − ν ) ⋅ 
∂x  ∂y ∂y ⋅ ∂x 2 

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 1

Traka ploče

Diferencijalna jednačina traka ploče opterećene na savijanje

d 4w Z
=
dx 4 k

Sile u presecima
d 2w
M x = −k ⋅ d 3w
dx 2 Tx = −k ⋅
dx 3
d 2w
M y = −k ⋅ν ⋅ 2 = ν ⋅ M x Ty = 0
dx
M xy = 0 E ⋅ h3
k=
12(1 − ν 2 )

Zadatak 1. Rešiti slobodno oslonjenu traku ploče optrećenu jednako podeljenim opterećenjem.

d 4w Z
= Z=p
dx 4 k
d 3w ⌠ p p
=  dx = (x + C1 )
dx 3
⌡k k
2
d w ⌠ p p  x2 
2
= 
 ( x + C1) dx =  + C1 ⋅ x + C2 
dx ⌡ k k 2 
dw p  x 3 x2 
=  + C1 ⋅ + C2 ⋅ x + C3 
dx k  6 2 
p  x4 x3 x2 
w=  + C1 ⋅ + C 2 ⋅ + C3 ⋅ x + C 4 
k  24 6 2 

konturni uslovi
za x=0 1) w=0 2) Mx=0

za x=a 3) w=0 4) Mx=0

p  x4 x3 x2 
1) w ( x = 0 ) =  + C1 ⋅ + C 2 ⋅ + C3 ⋅ x + C 4  = 0 ⇒ C4 = 0
k  24 6 2 
d 2w  x2 
2) M x ( x = 0 ) = −k ⋅ 2
= − p  + C1 ⋅ x + C2  = 0 ⇒ C2 = 0
dx  2 
p  x4 x3 x2  a4 a3
3) w ( x = a ) =  + C1 ⋅ + C2 ⋅ + C3 ⋅ x + C4  = 0 ⇒ + C1 ⋅ + C3 ⋅ a = 0
k  24 6 2  24 6

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 1

d 2w  x2  a2
4) M x ( x = a ) = −k ⋅ 2
= − p  + C1 ⋅ x + C2  = 0 ⇒ + C1 ⋅ a = 0
dx  2  2
a a3
C1 = − C3 =
2 24

p ⋅ a4   x  x
4 3
x
w=
p
24k
(
x − 2a ⋅ x + a ⋅ x =
4 3 3
)   − 2  + 
24k   a   a  a 
p ⋅ a2   x  x
2
p
2
(
Mx = −x + a ⋅ x =
2
) −  + 
2   a  a 

p ⋅ a2   x  x
2

M y =ν ⋅ −  + 
2   a  a 
p ⋅a   x  
Tx =  −2 + 1
2   a  

Zadatak 2. Za datu traku ploče i opterećenje odrediti ugibe i sile u presecima.

d 4w Z x
p0 4
= Z = p0 ⋅
dx k a
4
d w p
= 0 ⋅x
a dx 4
k ⋅a
3
d w p0  x 2 
=  + C1 
dx 3
a⋅k  2 
konturni uslovi: 2
d w p x 3

= 0  + C1 ⋅ x + C2 
za x=0 1) w=0 2) Mx=0 dx 2
a⋅k  6 
dw p  x4 x2 
dw = 0  + C1 ⋅ + C2 ⋅ x + C3 
za x=a 3) w=0 4) =0 dx a ⋅ k  24 2 
dx
p0  x 5 x3 x2 
w=  + C ⋅ + C ⋅ + C3 ⋅ x + C4 
a ⋅ k  120
1 2
6 2 

p0  x 5 x3 x2 
1) w ( x = 0 ) =  + C ⋅ + C ⋅ + C3 ⋅ x + C4  = 0 ⇒ C4 = 0
a ⋅ k  120
1 2
6 2 
d 2w p0  x 3 
2) M x ( x = 0 ) = −k ⋅ 2
= −  + C1 ⋅ x + C2  = 0 ⇒ C2 = 0
dx a  6 
p0  x 5 x3 x2  a5 a3
3) w ( x = a ) =  + C ⋅ + C ⋅ + C3 ⋅ x + C4  = 0 ⇒ + C1 ⋅ + C3 ⋅ a = 0
a ⋅ k  120
1 2
6 2  120 6
dw p  x4 x2  a4 a2
4) ( x = a ) = 0  + C1 ⋅ + C2 ⋅ x + C3  = 0 ⇒ + C1 ⋅ + C3 = 0
dx a ⋅ k  24 2  24 2
a2 a4
C1 = − C3 =
10 120

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TEORIJA POVRŠINSKIH NOSAČA VEŽBA 1

izrazi za ugib i sile u presecima za p0 = 20 kN m 2 ν = 0.2 a = 4.0m

k·w [kNm2]
p ⋅ a4   x  x
5 3
x
w= 0   − 2 ⋅   + 
120k   a   a  a 

p0 ⋅ a 2   x  x
3
d 2w -
M x = −k = −  5 ⋅   −3 
dx 2
30   a  a  Mx [kNm/m’]
+

p0 ⋅ a 2   x  x
3
d 2w
M y = −ν k = − ν  5 ⋅   −3  -
My [kNm/m’]
dx 2
30   a  a  +

+
p0 ⋅ a   x  
2
d 3w Тx [kN/m’]
Tx = −k =−  5 ⋅   − 1
dx 3
10   a  

-

Poređenje traka ploče i pravog štapa (grede) širine b=1m.

greda traka ploče

d 4w g p (x ) p (x ) d 4w tp p(x ) p(x )
dx 4
=
EI
= 12
Eh 3 dx 4
=
k
(
= 12 1 − ν 2
Eh 3
)

( )
w g 1 − ν 2 = w tp

2
Eh 3 d w g Eh 3 d 2w tp
=− ⋅ =− ⋅
M x ,g
12 dx 2
M x ,tp
(
12 1 − ν 2 )dx 2
M y ,g =0 M y ,tp = ν ⋅ M x ,tp

M x ,g = M x ,tp
Tx ,g = Tx ,tp

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