Ghid Evaluare Religie

SERVICIUL NA,21$/'((9$/8$5(ù,(;$0,1$5(
GHID DE EVALUARE PENTRU

RELIGIE
%8&85(ù7,
2001
Autori:
2,8
3URI 1LFROHWD /,
Prof. gr. I Mihaela PANOSCHI

3U SURI 1LFRODH ,25' &+(6&8
Coordonator:
Prof. gr. I Mihaela PANOSCHI
2
Cuprins
INTRODUCERE......................................................................................................................4
&$3,72/8/ ,QWURGXFHUH vQ SUREOHPDWLFD JHQHUDO D HYDOXULL ....................................5
3UREOHPH VSHFLILFH DOH HYDOXULL ................................................................................................5
5HOD LD HYDOXDUH FXUHQWH[DPHQH..............................................................................................7
1.3. Metode de evaluare....................................................................................................................9
&DOLW LOH LQVWUXPHQWHORU GH HYDOXDUH .......................................................................................19
1.5. Tipuri de itemi .........................................................................................................................22
Capitolul 2 – Itemi obiectivi ................................................................................................234
,WHPL FX DOHJHUH GXDO DGHYUDWIDOV VDX UVSXQV DOWHUQDWLY .................................................24
2. 2 Itemi de tip “pereche” (de asociere)........................................................................................28
,WHPLL FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO .......................................................................................................30
Capitolul 3 - Itemi semiobiectivi ...........................................................................................34

,WHPL FX UVSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH .....................................................................................34
ÌQWUHEUL VWUXFWXUDWH ..................................................................................................................38
&DSLWROXO ,WHPL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV ..........................................................4338

4.1 Rezolvarea de probleme...........................................................................................................44
4.2 Itemii de tip eseu.....................................................................................................................46
Capitolul 5 - Metode complementare de evaluare...............................................................53
2EVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL úL D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU ........................................53
,QYHVWLJD LD...............................................................................................................................55
5.3 Proiectul...................................................................................................................................56
5.4 Referatul ...................................................................................................................................57
5.5 Portofoliul................................................................................................................................58
5.6 Autoevaluare.............................................................................................................................59
Capitolul 6 - Probe de evaluare.............................................................................................62
6.1 Modele orientatative ................................................................................................................62
0RGHOH GH WHVWH SHQWUX H[DPHQXO QD LRQDO GH %DFDODXUHDW ......................................................78
%LEOLRJUDILH VHOHFWLY ..............................................................................................................82
3
INTRODUCERE
ÌQ FRQWH[WXO HGXFD LRQDO DFWXDO SUREOHPDWLFD HYDOX ULL FDSW R LPSRUWDQ GLQ
FH vQ FH PDL PDUH vQ DFWLYLWDWHD IDFWRULORU GH GHFL]LH D VSHFLDOLúWLORU úL PDL DOHV D

SUDFWLFLHQLORU ,QIOXHQ D HYDOX ULL vQ VSHFLDO SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO H[DPHQHORU VH IDFH WRW PDL
PXOW UHVLP LW DWkW DVXSUD DFWLYLW LL GH SUHGDUH FkW úL DVXSUD FHOHL GH vQY DUH
3URIHVRUXO FkW úL HOHYXO VXQW FHL GLQWkL LQWHUHVD L vQ UHDOL]DUHD XQHL HYDOX UL RELHFWLYH
ED]DW SH FULWHULL XQLWDUH FXQRVFXWH úL DSOLFDWH vQ SUDFWLFD úFRODU FXUHQW
SHUVSHFWLY SUH]HQWXO JKLG FRQVWLWXLH XQ LPSRUWDQW SXQFW GH VSULMLQ
'LQ DFHDVW
SHQWUX FDGUHOH GLGDFWLFH GH VSHFLDOLWDWH vQ UHDOL]DUHD FX VXFFHV D DFWLYLW LORU SUHVXSXVH
GH GHVIúXUDUHD SURFHVXOXL GH HYDOXDUH D SHUIRUPDQ HORU HOHYLORU vQ SUDFWLFD úFRODU
FXUHQW 8WLOLWDWHD DFHVWXL JKLG HVWH VXV LQXW úL GH scopurile SH FDUH DFHVWD úL OH
propune:
• V IDPLOLDUL]H]H FDGUHOH GLGDFWLFH GH VSHFLDOLWDWH FX SUREOHPHOH VSHFLILFH HYDOXULL

vQ SUDFWLFD úFRODU FXUHQW FkW úL vQ VLWXD LH GH H[DPHQ
• V GHVFULH PHWRGH úL LQVWUXPHQWH GH HYDOXDUH XWLOL]DELOH vQ SUDFWLFD úFRODU

FXUHQW
• VH[SOLFHPHWRGRORJLDSURLHFWULLGLIHULWHORUWLSXULGHLWHPL
• V SUH]LQWH H[HPSOH de WLSXUL GH LWHPL WHVWH úL EDUHPH GH FRUHFWDUH D
acestora;
• V LQIRUPH]H SH WRL FHL LQWHUHVDL SURIHVRUL HOHYL SULQL HWF DVXSUD
SUREOHPDWLFLL JHQHUDOH D HYDOXULL SHUIRUPDQHORU HOHYLORU DVXSUD
LPSRUWDQHLúLLPSDFWXOXLDFHVWHLDDVXSUDVLVWHPXOXLGHvQYPkQW
&XPSXWH LIRORVLDFHVWJKLG"
*KLGXO VH FRQFHQWUHD] vQ SULQFLSDO DVXSUD XQRU DVSHFWH FRQFUHWH FDUH
YL]HD] PHWRGH úL LQVWUXPHQWH GH HYDOXDUH FDOLWLOH DFHVWRUD SURLHFWDUHD
GLIHULWHORUWLSXULGHLWHPLGHVFULHUHDúLH[HPSOLILFDUHDPHWRGHORUFRPSOHPHQWDUH
GH HYDOXDUH vQ IXQFLH GH VSHFLILFXO GLVFLSOLQHL SUH]HQWDUHD XQRU WHVWH PRGHO
SUHFXPúLDEDUHPHORUGHFRUHFWDUHDDFHVWRUD
6SHUP F ILHFDUH FDGUX GLGDFWLF YD UHJVL vQ WHPDWLFD SURSXV SXQFWH
GHLQWHUHVVXJHVWLLúLREVHUYDLLXWLOHSHED]DFURUDvúLSRDWHFRQFHSHDFLXQLOH
HYDOXDWLYHYLLWRDUH'HDVHPHQHDUHFRPDQGPFD SDUFXUJHUHD JKLGXOXL VILH
IFXW XUPkQG vQ RUGLQH FDSLWROHOH SUH]HQWDWH SULQ FXSULQV DVWIHO vQFkW FLWLWRUXO
VDLEDWkWYL]LXQHDGHDQVDPEOXDVXSUDSUREOHPDWLFLLJHQHUDOHSUH]HQWDWHFkW
úLvQHOHJHUHDORJLFDHOHPHQWHORUFRQFUHWHFDUHGHFXUJGLQDFHDVWD
4
CAPITOLUL 1: ,QWURGXFHUHvQSUREOHPDWLFDJHQHUDOD
HYDOXULL
,3UREOHPHVSHFLILFHDOHHYDOXULL
ÌQ FDGUXO SURFHVXOXL GH vQY PkQW DFWLYLW LOH DUH úL HYDOXDUH
GH SUHGDUH vQY
FRQVWLWXLH HOHPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH FDUH VH DIO vQWUR VWUkQV OHJWXU 2ULFH VFKLPEDUH
SURGXV OD QLYHOXO XQHLD GLQWUH DFHVWH DFWLYLW L LQIOXHQ HD] PRGDOLW LOH GH UHDOL]DUH D
FHORUODOWH JHQHUkQG R DGHYUDW UHDF LH vQ ODQ FDUH LPSXQH UHYHQLULOH úL UHYL]XLULOH
necesare. De aceea, SUHGDUHDvQY DUHDHYDOXDUHD WUHEXLH SURLHFWDWH vQ DFHODúL

timp.
Evaluarea, ca activitate în sine, cuprinde trei etape principale:
•
P VXUDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU úFRODUH SULQ SURFHGHH VSHFLILFH XWLOL]kQG

LQVWUXPHQWH DGHFYDWH VFRSXOXL XUP ULW SUREH VFULVHRUDOHSUDFWLFH
proiecte, portofolii etc.);
• aprecierea acestor rezultate pe baza unor criterii unitare (bareme de

FRUHFWDUH úL QRWDUH GHVFULSWRUL GH SHUIRUPDQ HWF
• formularea concluziilor
GHVSULQVH vQ XUPD LQWHUSUHW ULL UH]XOWDWHORU

RE LQXWH vQ YHGHUHD DGRSW ULL GHFL]LHL HGXFD LRQDOH DGHFYDWH
Deci,
HYDOXDUHD UHSUH]LQW «
WRWDOLWDWHD LORU SULQ FDUH VH FROHFWHD] RUJDQL]HD]

DFWLYLW úL LQWHUSUHWHD] GDWHOH
RE LQXWH vQ XUPD DSOLFULL XQRU LQVWUXPHQWH GH PVXUDUH
în scopul…
HPLWHULLXQHLMXGHFLGHYDORDUHSHFDUHVHED]HD]RDQXPLWGHFL]LHvQSODQ
HGXFDLRQDO
ÌQJHQHUDOHYDOXDUHDSHUIRUPDQHORUHOHYLORUDUHXUPWRarele IXQF LL:
5
¾GLDJQRVWLFvQVHQVXOGHDIDFHFXQRVFXWHVLWXDLLOHúLIDFWRULLFDUHFRQGXFOD
RELQHUHD DQXPLWRU UH]XOWDWH DOH HOHYLORU SHQWUX D VWDELOL HYHQWXDOHOH SURFHGXUL
de remediere a punctelor critice.
¾SURJQRVWLFvQVHQVXODQWLFLSULLSHUIRUPDQHORUYLLWRDUHDOHHOHYLORUSHED]D
UH]XOWDWHORU vQUHJLVWUDWH úL DO SODQLILFULL VHFYHQHORU XUPWRDUH DOH DFWLYLWLL GH
vQYDUH'HRELFHL DFHDVWIXQFLH D HYDOXULL VH DVRFLD] FHOHL GH GLDJQR]
fiind complementare.
¾ de certificareD QLYHOXOXL GH FXQRúWLQH úL DELOLWL DO HOHYLORU OD VIkUúLWXO XQHL
SHULRDGHOXQJLGHLQVWUXLUHFLFOXGHvQYPkQWvQYPkQWREOLJDWRULXHWF
¾GHVHOHF LHDHOHYLORUSHQWUXDFFHVXOvQWURWUHDSWVXSHULRDUGHvQYPkQW
VDX vQWUXQSURJUDP VSHFLILF GH LQVWUXLUH JLPQD]LX OLFHX vQYPkQW VXSHULRU
cursuri postuniversitare, cursuri speciale în domenii artistice etc.). Realizarea
DFHVWHL IXQFLL SHUPLWH FODVLILFDUHDLHUDUKL]DUHD HOHYLORU vQ XUPD UH]XOWDWHORU
RELQXWHvQFRQGLLLOHH[LVWHQHLGHRELFHLDXQXLQXPUOLPLWDWGHORFXULSHQWUX
IUHFYHQWDUHDFXUVXULORUIRUPHLGHvQYPkQWUHVSHFWLYH
ÌQ DIDUD IXQFLLORU JHQHUDOH PHQLRQDWH DQWHULRU HYDOXDUHD PDL
vQGHSOLQHúWHúLRVHULHGHIXQF LLVSHFLILFHGLQWUHFDUHPHQLRQP
¾ IXQF LD PRWLYD LRQDO GH QDWXU V VWLPXOH]H DFWLYLWDWHD GH vQYDUH D
HOHYLORU SULQ YDORULILFDUHD RSWLPDO D IHHGEDFNXOXL SR]LWLY RIHULW GH FWUH DFWXO
evaluativ în sine;
¾ IXQF LD GH RULHQWDUH úFRODU úL SURIHVLRQDO SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO FUHLD
HYDOXDUHD SHUIRUPDQHORU HOHYLORU IXUQL]HD] LQIRUPDLL XWLOH HOHYLORU vQ YHGHUHD
DOHJHULLIRUPHLFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHGHvQYPkQW
7HRULD úL SUDFWLFD SHGDJRJLF RSHUHD] FX PDL PXOWH FODVLILFUL DOH
tipurilor de evaluare vQ IXQF LH GH GLIHULWH FULWHULL GRPHQLXO vQ FDUH VH

UHDOL]HD] PRPHQWXO PRGXO vQ FDUH VH LQWHUSUHWHD] UH]XOWDWHOH HWF

&kWHYD GLQWUH FHOH PDL X]XDOH FODVLILF UL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ FRQWLQXDUH
'XS PRGXO vQ FDUH VH LQWHJUHD]
vQ GHVI úXUDUHD SURFHVXOXL GLGDFWLF ,
evaluarea poate fi de trei tipuri:
a) HYDOXDUHLQL LDOFDUHVHUHDOL]HD]ODvQFHSXWXOXQXLQRXFLFOXGHvQYDUH
VDXSURJUDPGHLQVWUXLUHvQVFRSXOVWDELOLULLQLYHOXOXLGHSUHJWLUHDOHOHYLORU
3ULQ LQWHUPHGLXO HYDOXULL LQLLDOH VH LGHQWLILF QLYHOXO DFKL]LLLORU HOHYLORU vQ
WHUPHQLGHFXQRúWLQHFRPSHWHQHúLDELOLWLvQVFRSXODVLJXUULLSUHPLVHORU
DWLQJHULL RELHFWLYHORU SURSXVH SHQWUX HWDSD GH vQYPkQW UHVSHFWLY
,QIRUPDLOH RELQXWH vQ XUPD UHDOL]ULL XQHL HYDOXUL LQLLDOH VSULMLQ
SODQLILFDUHD DFWLYLWLORU YLLWRDUH DOH SURIHVRUXOXL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD DGHFYULL
DFHVWRUD OD SRVLELOLWLOH HOHYLORU VDX D LQLLHULL GDF HVWH FD]XO D XQRU
programe de recuperare.
b) HYDOXDUHD IRUPDWLY vQVRHúWH vQWUHJXO SDUFXUV GLGDFWLF UHDOL]kQGXVH SULQ
YHULILFUL VLVWHPDWLFH DOH WXWXURU HOHYLORU DVXSUD vQWUHJLL PDWHULL 'LQ DFHVW
6
PRWLY HIHFWHOH VDOH DPHOLRUDWLYH DVXSUD DFWLYLWLL GH vQYDUH VXQW
considerabile, oferind permanent posibilitatea de raportare la obiectivele
RSHUDLRQDOH SURSXVH úL GH HYLGHQLHUH D SURJUHVXOXL vQUHJLVWUDW GH OD R
VHFYHQODDOWDDLQVWUXLULLÌQFD]XOHYDOXULLIRUPDWLYHIHHGEDFNXORELQXW
HVWH PXOW PDL XWLO úL HILFLHQW DMXWkQG DWkW HOHYXO FkW úL SURIHVRUXO V vúL
DGDSWH]HDFWLYLWDWHDYLLWRDUHODVSHFLILFXOVLWXDLHL
c) HYDOXDUHDVXPDWLYVHUHDOL]HD]GHRELFHLODVIkUúLWXOXQHLSHULRDGHPDL
OXQJL GH LQVWUXLUH GH H[HPSOX FDSLWRO VHPHVWUX DQ úFRODU FLFOX GH
vQYPkQW HWF RIHULQG LQIRUPDLL XWLOH DVXSUD QLYHOXOXL GH SHUIRUPDQ DO
HOHYLORUvQUDSRUWFXRELHFWLYHOHGHLQVWUXLUHSURSXVH(YDOXDUHDVXPDWLYVH
FRQFHQWUHD]PDLDOHVDVXSUDHOHPHQWHORUGHSHUPDQHQDOHDSOLFULLXQRU
FXQRúWLQH GH ED] DOH GHPRQVWUULL XQRU DELOLWL LPSRUWDQWH GREkQGLWH GH
HOHYL vQWUR SHULRDG PDL OXQJ GH LQVWUXLUH &DUDFWHUXO DPHOLRUDWLY DO
HYDOXULLVXPDWLYHHVWHUHODWLYUHGXVHIHFWHOHUHVLPLQGXVHGXSRSHULRDG
PDLvQGHOXQJDWGHUHJXOSHQWUXVHULLOHYLLWRDUHGHHOHYL
'DFVHXUPUHúWHGUHSWFULWHULXcineUHDOL]HD]HYDOXDUHDDFHDVWDSRDWHIL
GHGRXWLSXUL
a) HYDOXULLQWHUQHDWXQFLFkQGDFLXQHDHYDOXDWLYHVWHHIHFWXDWGHFWUH
DFHHDúL SHUVRDQLQVWLWXLH FDUH HVWH LPSOLFDW GLUHFW úL vQ DFWLYLWDWHD GH
LQVWUXLUHGHH[HPSOXSURIHVRUXOGHODFODV
b) HYDOXULH[WHUQHvQFDUHVHLPSOLFRSHUVRDQLQVWLWXLHDOWDGHFkWFHD
care a asigurat realizarea procesului didactic.
I.2. 5HOD LDHYDOXDUHFXUHQWH[DPHQH
(YDOXDUHDFXSULQGHGRX SULLPSRUWDQWH
• HYDOXDUHDFXUHQW
• examenele
7RWXúL vQWUH FHOH GRX SUL H[LVW R OHJWXU VWUkQV GH FRQGLLRQDUH
UHFLSURF
În mod normal, HYDOXDUHDFXUHQWWUHEXLHVVSULMLQHH[DPHQHOH prin:
Î PRGDOLW LOH GH HYDOXDUH (strategii, tehnici, instrumente) care sunt
XWLOL]DWHvQSUDFWLFDúFRODUODFODV
Î SUHJWLUHD SURIHVRULORU vQ GRPHQLXO HYDOXULL vQ VHQVXO DELOLWULL
DFHVWRUDvQDSOLFDUHDGLIHULWHORULQVWUXPHQWHúLPHWRGH
7
Î familiarizarea elevilor FX WLSXUL GH LWHPL VDUFLQL GH OXFUX GXS
PRGHOXO FHORU FDUH YRU IL GDWH OD H[DPHQ SUHFXP úL FX EDUHPXO GH
corectare a acestora;
Î utilizarea rezultatelor sale SDULDO VDX vQ WRWDOLWDWH vQ FDGUXO
examenelor.
'LQ DFHDVW XOWLP SHUVSHFWLY UHOD LD HYDOXULL FXUHQWHFRQWLQXH FX

examenele poate urma trei modele posibile (A. Stoica, 2000, pg. 60):
MODELUL I
ÌQ FD]XO DFHVWXL PRGHO H[LVW R ]RQ FRPXQ
DWkW HYDOX ULL FRQWLQXH FkW úL
H[DPHQHORU FHHD FH vQVHDPQ F

UH]XOWDWHOH HYDOX ULL FRQWLQXH DX R DQXPLW
pondere în stabilirea notei finale la examen $FHDVW ]RQ FRPXQ LD vQ FRQVLGHUDUH
XWLOL]DUHD DFHORU PHWRGH úL LQVWUXPHQWH GH HYDOXDUH FDUH SRW IL DSOLFDWH OD
FODV
QHFHVLWkQG XQ WLPS PDL OXQJ GH HODERUDUH úL GH OXFUX úL FDUH WHVWHD] FDSDFLW L
LPSRUWDQWH DOH HOHYLORU GDU JUHX GH GHPRQVWUDW vQ VLWXD LD GH H[DPHQ H[HPSOX
VLVWHPXO GH vQY PvQW GLQ $QJOLD
EVALUARE
EXAMENE
&217,18
MODELUL II
ÌQ DFHVW FD] HYDOXDUHD FRQWLQX QX VH DIO vQ QLFL XQ IHO GH UHODLH FX
examenele, UH]XOWDWHOH HYDOXULL FRQWLQXH QHILLQG OXDWH vQ FRQVLGHUDUH vQ
cadrul examenelor H[HPSOH VLVWHPHOH GH vQYPkQW GLQ 5RPkQLD
Moldova).
EVALUARE
EXAMENE
&217,18
8
MODELUL III
În acest caz, UH]XOWDWHOHHYDOXULL FRQWLQXHVXQW vQ WRWDOLWDWH OXDWH vQ
considerare în cadrul examenelor GHH[HPSOXVLVWHPHOHGHvQYPkQWGLQ
6SDQLDúL3RUWXJDOLD
EVALUARE
&217,18
EXAMENE
'LQ DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY SHQWUX LQWHJUDUHD HYDOXULL FXUHQWH FX H[DPHQHOH

VHSRWDSOLFDGRXVWUDWHJLL
a) XQD SURYLQH GLQVSUH H[DPHQH úL VH UHIHU OD GLYHUVLILFDUHD IRUPHORU úL
PHWRGHORU GHWHVWDUH vQ FDGUXO DFHVWRUD vQ DúD IHO vQFkW XQHOH WHKQLFL FDUH
VHXWLOL]HD]vQHYDOXDUHDFXUHQWVILHWUDQVIHUDWHH[DPHQHORU
b) FHD GHD GRXD SRUQHúWH GLQVSUH SDUWHD HYDOXULL FXUHQWH SULQ YDORUL]DUHD
rezultatelor acesteia în cadrul examenelor.
I.3. Metode de evaluare

7HRULD úL SUDFWLFD HYDOXULL GLVFULPLQHD] vQWUH PHWRGHOH WUDGLLRQDOH GH
HYDOXDUHúLFHOHFRPSOHPHQWDUH
0HWRGHOHWUDGL LRQDOHGHHYDOXDUHDXFSWDWDFHDVWGHQXPLUHGDWRULW
FRQVDFUULL ORU vQ WLPS FD ILLQG FHOH PDL GHV XWLOL]DWH 'LQ DFHDVW FDWHJRULH IDF
parte:
• probele orale;
• probele scrise;
• probele practice.
Pentru asigurarea unui consens din punct de vedere conceptual vom
DGRSWDvQFRQWLQXDUHXUPWRDUHDGHILQLLHGHOXFUX$6WRLFD60XVWHD
pg. 103):
3URE RULFH LQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHSURLHFWDWDGPLQLVWUDW úL FRUHFWDW GH
FWUHSURIHVRU
9
Probele oraleUHSUH]LQWPHWRGDGHHYDOXDUHFHOPDLGHVXWLOL]DWODFODV
'DWRULWILGHOLWLLúLYDOLGLWLLORUVF]XWHDFHVWHSUREHQXVXQWUHFRPDQGDELOHvQ
VLWXDLLGHH[DPHQÌQVvQHYDOXDUHDODFODVDFHVWHDvúLGHPRQVWUHD]YDORDUHD
PDL DOHV vQ FD]XO GLVFLSOLQHORU FDUH SUHVXSXQ GHPRQVWUDUHD XQRU FDSDFLWL úL
DELOLWLGLILFLOGHVXUSULQVSULQLQWHUPHGLXOSUREHORUVFULVHGHH[HPSOXFDSDFLWDWHD
GHFRPXQLFDUHYHUEDO
AvantajeleXWLOL]ULLSUREHORURUDOHYL]HD]
D PRdului de evaluare prin posibilitatea de
IOH[LELOLWDWHD úL DGHFYDUHD LQGLYLGXDO
D DOWHUQD WLSXO vQWUHEULORU úL JUDGXO ORU GH GLILFXOWDWH vQ IXQF LH GH FDOLWDWHD UVSXQVXULORU
RIHULWH GH FWUH HOHY
SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D FODULILFD úL FRUHFWD LPHGLDW HYHQWXDOHOH HURUL VDX

QHvQHOHJHULDOHHOHYXOXLvQUDSRUWGHXQFRQLQXWVSHFLILF
IRUPXODUHD UVSXQVXULORU XUPUHúWH ORJLFD úL GLQDPLFD XQXL GLVFXUV RUDO
FHHD FH RIHU PDL PXOW OLEHUWDWH GH PDQLIHVWDUH D RULJLQDOLWLL HOHYXOXL D
FDSDFLWLLVDOHGHDUJXPHQWDUHHWF
- nu în ultimul rând, tipuO GH LQWHUDFLXQH GLUHFW FUHDW vQWUH HYDOXDWRU úL
HYDOXDW SURIHVRU úL HOHY HVWH GH QDWXU V VWLPXOH]H PRGXO GH VWUXFWXUDUH D
UVSXQVXULORU GH FWUH HOHY vQFXUDMkQG úL PDQLIHVWUL FH SHUPLW HYDOXDUHD
comportamentului afectiv-atitudinal.
Este necesar,vQVVILHDYXWHvQYHGHUHúLlimitele acestor probe, dintre
FDUHPHQLRQP
GLYHUVHOH FLUFXPVWDQH FDUH SRW LQIOXHQD RELHFWLYLWDWHD HYDOXULL GH
H[HPSOX JUDGXO GLIHULW GH GLILFXOWDWH DO vQWUHEULORU GH OD XQ HOHY OD DOWXO YDULDLD
FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HYDOXDWRUXOXL HWF FHHD FH JHQHUHD] R SXWHUQLF YDULHWDWH
LQWHULQGLYLGXDOúLLQWUDLQGLYLGXDOvQWUHSHUVRDQHOH FDUHHYDOXHD] VDX OD DFHODúL
evaluator în momente diferite;
QLYHOXOVF]XWGHYDOLGLWDWHúLILGHOLWDWH
- consumul mare de timp, avâQGvQYHGHUHFHOHYLLVXQWHYDOXDLLQGLYLGXDO
'HFL]LDSURIHVRUXOXLGHDXWLOL]DSUREHOHRUDOHvQDQXPLWHVLWXDLLDOHSUDFWLFLL
úFRODUHFXUHQWHWUHEXLHVVHvQWHPHLH]HSHUDLXQLFDUHLQGH
• RELHFWLYHOHHYDOXULLvQVLWXDLDFRQFUHW
• tipul de evaluare promovat;
• QXPUXOHOHYLORU
• timpul disponibil;
• resursele materiale alocate;
10
• WLSXO GH LQIRUPDLH SH FDUH SURIHVRUXO GRUHúWH V R RELQ SULQ
UVSXQVXULOHHOHYLORU
• QDWXUDúLVSHFLILFXOGLVFLSOLQHL
Probele scrise VXQW SUDFWLFDWH úL XQHRUL FKLDU SUHIHUDWH GDWRULW XQRUD
dintre avantajele ORU LPSRVLELO GH LJQRUDW vQ FRQGLLLOH vQ FDUH VH GRUHúWH
HILFLHQWL]DUHD SURFHVXOXL GH LQVWUXLUH úL FUHúWHUHD JUDGXOXL GH RELHFWLYLWDWH vQ
DSUHFLHUH'LQWUHDFHVWHDPHQLRQP
HFRQRPLDGHWLPSSHFDUHRUHDOL]HD]vQFDGUXOEXJHWXOXLDORFDWUHODLHL
SUHGDUHvQYDUHHYDOXDUH 3UREHOH VFULVH SHUPLW HYDOXDUHD XQXL QXPU PDUH GH
elevi într-un timp relativ scurt.
DFRSHULUHD XQLWDU FD YROXP úL SURIXQ]LPH SH FDUH R DVLJXU OD QLYHOXO
FRQLQXWXOXL HYDOXDW 3UREHOH VFULVH IDF SRVLELO HYDOXDUHD WXWXURU HOHYLORU DVXSUD
DFHOHLDúL VHFYHQH FXUULFXODUH FHHD FH IDFH FRPSDUDELOH UH]XOWDWHOH HOHYLORU LDU
HYDOXDUHDvQVLQHPDLRELHFWLY
SRVLELOLWDWHD SURIHVRUXOXL GH D HPLWH MXGHFL GH YDORDUH PXOW PDL
RELHFWLYH vQWHPHLDWH SH H[LVWHQD XQRU FULWHULL GH HYDOXDUH FODU VSHFLILFDWH úL
prestabilite;
SRVLELOLWDWHDHOHYLORUGHDúLHODERUDUVSXQVXOLQGHSHQGHQWIUQLFLXQIHO
GHLQWHUYHQLHGLQDIDUUHIOHFWkQGFXQRúWLQHúLFDSDFLWLGHPRQVWUDWHvQWUXQULWP
propriu;
- GLPLQXDUHDVWULORUWHQVLRQDOHGHVWUHVVFDUHSRWDYHDXQLPSDFWQHJDWLY
DVXSUDSHUIRUPDQHLHOHYLORUWLPL]LVDXFXDOWHSUREOHPHHPRLRQDOH
Dezavantajul major este presupus de relativa întârziere în timp a
PRPHQWXOXL vQ FDUH VH UHDOL]HD] FRUHFWDUHD XQRU JUHúHOL VDX FRPSOHWDUHD XQRU
lacune identificate.
Probele practiceVXQWXWLOL]DWHvQYHGHUHDHYDOXULLFDSDFLWLLHOHYLORUGHD
DSOLFD DQXPLWH FXQRúWLQH WHRUHWLFH SUHFXP úL D JUDGXOXL GH VWSkQLUH D
SULFHSHULORUúLGHSULQGHULORUGHRUGLQSUDFWLF&XWRDWHFDFWLYLWLOHSUDFWLFHRIHU
SRVLELOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH DúL GH]YROWD DWkW FRPSHWHQHOH JHQHUDOH FRPXQLFDUH
DQDOL] VLQWH] HYDOXDUH FkW úL SH FHOH VSHFLILFH DSOLFDWLYH PDQLSXODUHD
datelor, instrumentelor de lucru, interpretarea rezultatelor), evaluarea elevilor prin
SUREHSUDFWLFHDWkWvQVLWXDLLGHH[DPLQDUHFXUHQWFkWúLvQVLWXDLLGHH[DPHQ
HVWHIRDUWHSXLQSXVvQYDORDUH
11
3HQWUXUHDOL]DUHDFXVXFFHVDXQHLDFWLYLWLSUDFWLFHHVWHQRUPDOFDvQF
GH OD vQFHSXWXO DQXOXL úFRODU HOHYLL V ILH DYL]DL DVXSUD , 1HDFúX $ 6WRLFD
1996, p.76):
• WHPDWLFLLOXFUULORUSUDFWLFH
• modului în care ele vor fi evaluate (baremele de notare);
• FRQGLLLORU FDUH OH VXQW RIHULWH SHQWUX D UHDOL]D DFHVWH DFWLYLWL
DSDUDWHXQHOWHVOLGHVSRUWHWF
$úDFXPPHQLRQDPDQWHULRUPHWRGHOHWUDGLLRQDOHGHHYDOXDUHFRQFHSXWH
FD UHDOL]kQGXQ HFKLOLEUX vQWUH SUREHOH RUDOH VFULVH úL FHOH SUDFWLFH FRQVWLWXLH OD
PRPHQWXO DFWXDO HOHPHQWHOH SULQFLSDOH úL GRPLQDQWH vQ GHVIúXUDUHD DFWXOXL
HYDOXDWLY 3RUQLQG GH OD DFHDVW UHDOLWDWH RELHFWLY VWUDWHJLLOH PRGHUQH GH
HYDOXDUHFDXWVDFFHQWXH]HDFHDGLPHQVLXQHDDFLXQLLHYDOXDWLYHFDUHVRIHUH
HOHYLORUVXILFLHQWHúLYDULDWHSRVLELOLWLGHDGHPRQVWUDFHHDFHúWLXFDDQVDPEOX
GHFXQRúWLQHGDUPDLDOHVFHHDFHSRWVIDFSULFHSHULGHSULQGHULDELOLWL
Acest lucru se poate realiza prin utilizarea metodelor complementare de evaluare.
Principalele metode complementare de evaluare DO FURU SRWHQLDO

IRUPDWLYVXVLQHLQGLYLGXDOL]DUHDDFWXOXLHGXFDLRQDOSULQ VSULMLQXODFRUGDWHOHYXOXL
sunt:
REVHUYDUHDVLVWHPDWLFDDFWLYLWLLúLDFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXLHOHYLORU
LQYHVWLJDLD
• proiectul;
• portofoliul;
• autoevaluarea.
2EVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL úL D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU

IXUQL]HD] SURIHVRUXOXL LQIRUPDLL UHOHYDQWHDVXSUDSHUIRUPDQHORU HOHYLORU VL GLQ
SHUVSHFWLYD FDSDFLWLL ORUGHDFLXQH úL UHODLRQDUH D FRPSHWHQHORU úL DELOLWLORU
GHFDUHGLVSXQDFHúWLD3HQWUXDDWLQJHDFHVWVFRSSURIHVRUXOWUHEXLHVXWLOL]H]H
XQ LQVWUXPHQWDU DGHFYDW RELHFWXOXL REVHUYULL ÌQ PRG SUDFWLF SURIHVRUXO DUH OD
GLVSR]LLH WUHL PRGDOLW L GH vQUHJLVWUDUH D DFHVWRU LQIRUPD LL YH]L úL 1
Gronlund, 1981, pg. 434-450):
• ILúDGHHYDOXDUH
• scara de clasificare
12
• lista de control/verificare
EsWH
LPSRUWDQW GH VXEOLQLDW vQ OHJ WXU FX DFHVWH PRGDOLW L GH vQUHJLVWUDUH D
SRW IL XWLOL]DWH DWkW SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD SURFHVXOXL FkW úL D SURGXVHORU

LQIRUPD LLORU IDSWXO F
UHDOL]DWH GH HOHYL VXUSULQ]kQG DWkW RELHFWLYUL FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH DOH GRPHQLXOXL FRJQLWLY
FkW úL DOH GRPHQLL DIHFWLY úL SVLKRPRWRU
z )LúD GH HYDOXDUH HVWH FRPSOHWDW GH FWUH SURIHVRU vQ HD

înregistrându-se date factuale despre evenimentele cele mai importante pe care
SURIHVRUXO OH LGHQWLILF vQ FRPSRUWDPHQWXO VDX PRGXO GH DFLXQH DO HOHYLORU VL
IDSWH UHPDUFDELOH SUREOHPH FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH HYLGHQLHUHD XQRU DSWLWXGLQL
GHRVHELWH vQWUXQ GRPHQLX VDX DOWXO HWF /D DFHVWHD VH DGDXJ LQWHUSUHWULOH
SURIHVRUXOXL DVXSUD FHORU vQWkPSODWH SHUPLkQGXL DFHVWXLD V VXUSULQG
PRGHOXOFRPSRUWDPHQWDODOHOHYLORUVL
'HFL SURIHVRUXO vQWUR SULP LQVWDQ HVWH FHO FDUH GHFLGH FH
FRPSRUWDPHQW YD IL REVHUYDW úL vQUHJLVWUDW FRQILJXUkQG DULD FRPSRUWDPHQWDO
HYHQWXDOHOHOLPLWHDOHREVHUYDLLORUvQUHJLVWUDWHJUDGXOGHH[WLQGHUHvQXWLOL]DUHDO
DFHVWRUREVHUYDLL
Exemplu DGDSWDWGXS1*URQOXQGSJ
Clasa.......... Numele elevului...............................

Disciplina..................... Data.............................
Eveniment
3HQWUX RUD UHVSHFWLY HOHYLL DX DYXW GH SUHJWLW R FRPSXQHUH vQ FDUH V
GHVFULHFHDPDLGUDJSHUVRDQ)ORULQDIRVWVLQJXUXOHOHYFDUHDGHFODUDW
FQXúLDIFXWWHPD/DMXPWDWHDRUHLFROHJXOOXLGHEDQFPLDVSXVF
Florin scrisese de fapt tema, dar nu era o compunere, ci o poezie despre
PDPDVDSHFDUHvQVQXYUHDVRFLWHDVFGHWHDPFFHLODOLFROHJLYRU
râde de el.
/D VIkUúLWXO RUHL )ORULQ PD vQWUHEDW GDF SRDWH FLWL SRH]LD VFULV GH HO $
FLWLW SRH]LD FX R YRFH MRDV XLWkQGXVH WRW WLPSXO vQ KkUWLH PLúFkQGXúL
SLFLRUXO GUHSW vQDLQWH úL vQDSRL úL WUJkQGXVH GH JXOHUXO FPúLL &kQG D
WHUPLQDWFROHJXOOXLGLQXOWLPDEDQFDVSXV³1DPDX]LWQLPLF3RLVPDL
FLWHúWLSRH]LDvQFRGDWPDLWDUH"´)ORULQDVSXV³1X´úLVDDúH]DW
Interpretare:
)ORULQ GRYHGHúWH XQ WDOHQW OLWHUDU UHDO SHQWUX YkUVWD OXL GDU QX DUH vQF
13
vQFUHGHUH vQ IRUHOH VDOH 1X vL SODFH V FLWHDVF vQ IDD FODVHL úL vL HVWH
WHDP GH UHDFLD FHORUODOL 5HIX]XO GH D FLWL vQF R GDW SRH]LD VH
GDWRUHD]SUREDELOWLPLGLWLLVDOHúLIDSWXOXLFQLPHQLQXODvQFXUDMDWSkQ
DFXPVIDFDFHVWOXFUX7DOHQWXOVXWUHEXLHVWLPXODWFDúLvQFUHGHUHGH
sine.
Un avantaj LPSRUWDQW DO DFHVWRU ILúH GH HYDOXDUH HVWH DFHOD F QX
depinde de capacitatea de comunicare a elevului cu profesorul, profesorul fiind
FHOFDUHvQUHJLVWUHD]úLLQWHUSUHWHD]FRPSRUWDPHQWXOWLSLFVDXDOWHSURGXVHúL
SHUIRUPDQHDOHHOHYXOXL
Un dezavantaj GHFDUHWUHEXLHLQXWVHDPHVWHDFHODDOPDUHOXLconsum
de timpSHFDUHvOLPSOLFWLPSXOQHFHVDUSURIHVRUXOXLVSUHH[HPSOXSHQWUXD
QRWD GHVFULHULOH YHUEDOH DOH FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU VL OD FDUH VH DGDXJ
IDSWXO F DFHVWH QRWUL QX DX R FRW ULGLFDW GH obiectivitate, ceea ce are
UHSHUFXUVLXQLDVXSUDILGHOLWLLDFHVWRUvQUHJLVWUUL
z Scara de clasificare vQVXPHD] XQ VHW GH FDUDFWHULVWLFL

FRPSRUWDPHQWHFHWUHEXLHVXSXVHHYDOXULLvQVRLWGHXQDQXPLWWLSGHVFDU
de obicei scara Likert3RWULYLWDFHVWXLWLSGHVFDUHOHYXOXLvLVXQWSUH]HQWDWHXQ
QXPUGHHQXQXULvQUDSRUWGHFDUHDFHVWDWUHEXLHVúLPDQLIHVWHDFRUGXOVDX
dezacordul, discriminând între cinci trepte: puternic acord; acord; indecis
(neutru); dezacord; puternic dezacord.
Exemplu:
3DUWLFLSFXSOFHUHODDFWLYLWLOHGHOXFUXvQHFKLS
puternic dezacord dezacord neutru acord puternic acord
ÌPLDVXPLPHGLDWUHVSRQVDELOLWLOHFDUHvPLVXQWVWDELOLWHvQFDGUXOHFKLSHL
8Q HOHPHQW HVHQLDO vQ FRQVWUXLUHD XQHL VFUL GH FODVLILFDUH vO FRQVWLWXLH
UHGDFWDUHDXQXLEXQHQXQ ODFDUHHOHYXOVSRDWUVSXQGH3ULQXUPDUH
D )LHFDUH HQXQ WUHEXLH V FXSULQG FXYLQWH IDPLOLDUH VXELHFWXOXL XWLOL]kQG
OLPEDMXODFHVWXLDúLQXXQXOSXWHUQLFVSHFLDOL]DWVDXWHKQLF'HFLHQXQXULFXR
VWUXFWXUVLPSO
E )LHFDUH HQXQ V ILH H[SULPDW clar pozitiv sau clar negativ V UHSUH]LQWH
SR]LLLFODUSR]LWLYHVDXQHJDWLYH(VWHELQHFDHQXQXULOH VILH H[SHULPHQWDWH
înainte de introducerea lor în instrument.
F /LVWD ILQDO GH HQXQXUL WUHEXLH V FRQLQ XQ QXPU DSUR[LPDWLY HJDO GH
HQXQXULSR]LWLYHúLQHJDWLYH.
G )LHFDUH HQXQ WUHEXLH V SURGXF LQIRUPDLD QHFHVDU. Nu se introduce un
HQXQ GRDU SHQWUX F ³HVWH LQWHUHVDQW GH Y]XW FH UVSXQG VXELHFLL OD HO´
14
(QXQXOWUHEXLHVIDFUHIHULUHFODUODDWLWXGLQHDVDXRSLQLDGHVSUHFDUHGRULP
VDIOPLQIRUPDLL
z Lista de control/verificare GHúL SDUH DVHPQWRDUH FX VFDUD GH

FODVLILFDUH FD PDQLHU GH VWUXFWXUDUH XQ VHW GH HQXQXUL FDUDFWHULVWLFL
FRPSRUWDPHQWHHWFVHGHRVHEHúWHGHDFHDVWDSULQIDSWXOFSULQ LQWHUPHGLXO
HL GRDU VH FRQVWDW SUH]HQD VDX DEVHQD unei caracteristici, comportament
HWFIUDHPLWHRMXGHFDWGHYDORDUHRULFkWGHVLPSO
ExempluGHVIúXUDUHDXQHLDFWLYLWLH[SHULPHQWDOHvQODERUDWRU
Elevul:
DXUPDWLQVWUXFLXQLOHVSHFLILFHDFWLYLWLL Da Nu
-a cerut ajutor atunci când a avut nevoie. Da Nu
DFRRSHUDWFXFHLODOLFROHJLSHQWUXDUHDOL]D
produsul final. Da Nu
-a finalizat sarcina de lucru. Da Nu
DIFXWFXUDWODPDVDGHOXFUX Da Nu
Un avantaj DO OLVWHL GH FRQWUROHVWH DFHOD F VH HODERUHD] UHODWLY XúRU,
fiind RELHFWLY vQ HYDOXDUHD DELOLWLORU FDUH SRW IL vQ PRG FODU GLYL]DWH vQ SDúL
specifici.
8Q WLS VSHFLDO GH REVHUYDLH HVWH REVHUYD LD SDUWLFLSDWLY FX LPSOLFDLL
VHPQLILFDWLYH DVXSUD UHODLHL SURIHVRUHOHY GLQ FODV $FHVW WLS GH REVHUYDLH
SUDFWLFDW GH FWUH SURIHVRUXO HVWH vQ HVHQ VXELHFWLY GDU SRDWH VúL
VSRUHDVF SURFHQWXO GH RELHFWLYLWDWH GDF DWHQLD YD IL FRQFHQWUDW DVXSUD
FRQVWUXFLHLúLXWLOL]ULLLQVWUXPHQWHORU
În ceeDFHSULYHúWHFRVWXULOHLPSOLFDWHGHDFHDVWPHWRGHDHVWHLHIWLQ
dar mare consumatoare de timp.
,QYHVWLJD LD FD PHWRG FRPSOHPHQWDU GH HYDOXDUH RIHU SRVLELOLWDWHD
HOHYXOXLGHDDSOLFDvQPRGFUHDWLYFXQRúWLQHOHvQVXúLWHvQVLWXDLLQRLúLYDULDWHSH
parcursul unei ore sau unei succesiuni de ore de curs.
ÌQ FDGUXO XQHL LQYHVWLJDLL RELHFWLYHOH HYDOXDWH GH H[HPSOX GHILQLUHD úL
vQHOHJHUHD SUREOHPHL LGHQWLILFDUHD SURFHGHHORU GH RELQHUH D LQIRUPDLLORU
FROHFWDUHD úL RUJDQL]DUHD GDWHORU IRUPXODUHD úL WHVWDUHD LSRWH]HORU GHVFULHUHD
PHWRGHORU GH LQYHVWLJDLH D SUREOHPHL HODERUDUHD XQXL VFXUW UDSRUW GHVSUH
UH]XOWDWHOH LQYHVWLJDLHL FDSW VHPQLILFDLL GLIHULWH FRUHODWH FX JUDGXO GH
FRPSOH[LWDWH DO VDUFLQLL GH OXFUX úL FX QDWXUD GLVFLSOLQHL OD FDUH VH DSOLF 8Q
HOHPHQW LPSRUWDQW vQ GHVIúXUDUHD XQHL LQYHVWLJDLL GXS SURLHFWDUHD HL vO
15
FRQVWLWXLHSUHH[SHULPHQWDUHDFHHDFHDVLJXUXQSOXVGHYDOLGLWDWHLQVWUXPHQWXOXL
GHHYDOXDUHSHFDUHSURIHVRUXOLQWHQLRQHD]VOSURSXQHOHYLORUVL
$FWLYLWDWHDGLGDFWLFGHVIúXUDWSULQLQWHUPHGLXODFHVWHLSUDFWLFLHYDOXDWLYH
SRDWHVILHRUJDQL]DWLQGLYLGXDOVDXSHJUXSXULGHOXFUXLDUDSUHFLHUHDPRGXOXL
GHUHDOL]DUHDLQYHVWLJDLHLHVWHGHRELFHLGHWLSKROLVWLF
Aportul acestui tip de activiWDWH DVXSUD GH]YROWULL FDSDFLWLORU GH RUGLQ
DSOLFDWLY DOH HOHYLORU HVWH FRQVLGHUDELO PDL DOHV vQ FD]XO UH]ROYULL SUREOHPHORU
GH]YROWULLFDSDFLWLGHDUJXPHQWDUHJkQGLULLORJLFHHWF
ProiectulUHSUH]LQWRDFWLYLWDWHGHHYDOXDUHPDLDPSOGHFkWLQYHVWLJDLD
3URLHFWXOvQFHSHvQFODVSULQGHILQLUHDúLvQHOHJHUHDVDUFLQLLGHOXFUXHYHQWXDOúL
SULQvQFHSHUHDUH]ROYULLDFHVWHLDVHFRQWLQXDFDVSHSDUFXUVXODFkWRUYD]LOH
VDXVSWPkQLWLPSvQFDUHHOHYXODUHSHUPDQHQWHFRQVXOWULFXSURIHVRUXOúLVH
vQFKHLH WRW vQ FODV SULQ SUH]HQWDUHD vQ IDD FROHJLORU D XQXL UDSRUW DVXSUD
UH]XOWDWHORU RELQXWH úL GDF HVWH FD]XO D SURGXVXOXL UHDOL]DW &D úL LQYHVWLJDLD
SURLHFWXODUHPDLPXOWHHWDSHúLSRDWHILUHDOL]DWLQGLYLGXDOVDXvQJUXS
EtDSHOH SURLHFWXOXL SUHVXSXQ GLUHF LRQDUHD HIRUWXULORU HOHYLORU vQ GRX GLUHF LL OD IHO
GH LPSRUWDQWH GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH PHWRGRORJLF úL SUDFWLF FROHFWDUHD GDWHORU úL UHDOL]DUHD
SURGXVXOXL )LHFDUH GLUHF LH FRQ LQH HOHPHQWH FDUH FRQIHU VSHFLILFLWDWH SURLHFWXOXL vQ

IXQF LH GH GLVFLSOLQD SH FDUH R YL]HD]
3ULQWUH FDSDFLWLOH HOHYLORU SRVLELO GH HYDOXDW SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO DFHVWHL

PHWRGHVHSRWHQXPHUD$6WRLFD60XVWHDS
DGHFYDUHD PHWRGHORU GH OXFUX úL D LQVWUXPHQWDUXOXL DOHV OD RELHFWLYHle
propuse prin proiect;
IRORVLUHDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHDPDWHULDOHORUúLHFKLSDPHQWHORUGLQGRWDUH
RIHULUHDXQHLVROXLLFRUHFWHUH]ROYDUHDGHSUREOHPH
UHDOL]DUHDFXDFXUDWHHDSURGXVXOXLGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHWHKQLF
SRVLELOLWDWHDJHQHUDOL]ULLSUREOHPHLVROXLHL
• prezentarea proiectului.
Strategia de evaluare a proiectului, care este una de tip holistic, trebuie, la
UkQGXOHLVILHFODUGHILQLWSULQFULWHULLQHJRFLDWHVDXQXFXHOHYLLDVWIHOvQFkWV
HYLGHQLH]HHIRUWXOH[FOXVLYDOHOHYXOXLvQUHDOL]DUHDSURLHFWXOXL
Utilizarea portofoliuluiFDPHWRGFRPSOHPHQWDUGHHYDOXDUHvQSUDFWLFD
úFRODUFXUHQWVHLPSXQHGLQFHvQFHPDLPXOWDWHQLHLúLLQWHUHVXOXLSURIHVRULORU
16
3RUWRIROLXOLQFOXGHUH]XOWDWHOHUHOHYDQWHRELQXWHSULQFHOHODOWHPHWRGHúLWHKQLFLGH
HYDOXDUH SUREH RUDOH VFULVH SUDFWLFH REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D
FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYXOXL SURLHFWXO DXWRHYDOXDUHD SUHFXP úL VDUFLQL VSHFLILFH
ILHFUHLGLVFLSOLQH
3RUWRIROLXUHSUH]LQWFDUWHDGHYL]LWDHOHYXOXLXUPULndu-i progresul de
OD XQ VHPHVWUX OD DOWXO GH OD XQ DQ úFRODU OD DOWXO úL FKLDU GH OD XQ FLFOX GH
vQYPkQWODDOWXO
,PSRUWDQWUPkQHVFRSXOSHQWUXFDUHHVWHSURLHFWDWSRUWRIROLXOFHHDFHYD
GHWHUPLQDúLVWUXFWXUDVD$OWXULGHVFRSvQGHILQLUHDXQXLSRUWRIROLXVXQWODIHOGH
UHOHYDQWHFRQWH[WXOúLPRGXOGHSURLHFWDUHDSRUWRIROLXOXL
2IXQFLHLPSRUWDQWSHFDUHRSUHLDSRUWRIROLXOHVWHDFHHDGHLQYHVWLJDUHD
PDMRULWLL SURGXVHORU HOHYLORU FDUH GH RELFHL UPkQ QHLQYHVWLJDWH vQ DFWXO
HYDOXDWLY UHSUH]HQWkQG vQ DFHODúL WLPS XQ VWLPXOHQW SHQWUX GHVIúXUDUHD vQWUHJLL
JDPH GH DFWLYLWL GLGDFWLFH QX GRDU SUHJWLUHD VWHUHRWLS SHQWUX WHVWH GH
FXQRúWLQHÌQDFHODúLWLPSVDUFLQDHYDOXULLFRQWLQXHHVWHSUHOXDWFXVXFFHVúL
IU WHQVLXQHD SH FDUH DU SXWHDR JHQHUD PHWRGHOH WUDGLLRQDOH GH HYDOXDUH
aplicate frecvent.
3ULQ FRPSOH[LWDWHDúLERJLD LQIRUPDLHLSH FDUH R IXUQL]HD] VLQWHWL]kQG
DFWLYLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GHD OXQJXO WLPSXOXL XQ VHPHVWUX DQ úFRODU VDX FLFOX GH
vQYPkQW SRUWRIROLXO SRDWH FRQVWLWXL SDUWH LQWHJUDQW D XQHL HYDOXUL VXPDWLYH
VDXDXQHLH[DPLQUL
AutoevaluareaSULQLQIRUPDLLOHSHFDUHOHIXUQL]HD]DUHXQUROHVHQLDOvQ
vQWUHJLUHD LPDJLQLL HOHYXOXL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD MXGHFLL GH YDORDUH SH FDUH R HPLWH
profesorul.
PenWUXFDHYDOXDUHDVILHUHVLPLWGHFWUHHOHYFDDYkQGHIHFWIRUPDWLY
UDSRUWkQGXVH OD GLIHULWH FDSDFLWL DOH VDOH vQ IXQFLH GH SURJUHVXO UHDOL]DW úL GH
GLILFXOWLOH SH FDUH OH DUH GH GHSúLW HVWH IRDUWH XWLO IRUPDUHD úL H[HUVDUHD OD
HOHYL D FDSDFLWLL GH DXWRHYDOXDUH (OHYLL DX QHYRLH V VH DXWRFXQRDVF $FHVW
IDSWDUHPXOWLSOHLPSOLFDLLvQSODQPRWLYDLRQDOúLDWLWXGLQDO
&DúLSURIHVRUXOFDUHFRQGXFHDFWLYLWDWHDHOHYXODIODWvQVLWXDLDGHvQYDUH
DUH QHYRLH GH DQXPLWH SXQFWH GH UHIHULQ FDUH VL GHILQHDVF UROXO VDUFLQD
QDWXUD úL GLUHFLLOH DFWLYLWLL VDOH DMXWkQGXO V FRQúWLHQWL]H]H SURJUHVHOH úL
DFKL]LLLOHIFXWHVúLHODERUH]HVWLOXOSURSULXGHOXFUXVVHSRDWVLWXDSHUVRQDO
vQUDSRUWFXH[LJHQHOHGHvQYDUH
17
Un loc apartH vQ DFHDVW VIHU vO RFXS DXWRHYDOXDUHD FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU
GLQ GRPHQLXO DIHFWLY DO GH]YROWULL SHUVRQDOH $FHVW OXFUX VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ
LQWHUPHGLXOFKHVWLRQDUHORUVFULORUGHFODVLILFDUHHWF
7RDWHDFHVWHPHWRGHFRPSOHPHQWDUHGHHYDOXDUHDVLJXURDOWHUQDWLYOD
IRUPXOHOH WUDGLLRQDOH D FURU SUH]HQ HVWH SUHSRQGHUHQW RIHULQG DOWH RSLXQL
PHWRGRORJLFHúLLQVWUXPHQWDOH FDUH vPERJHVFSUDFWLFD HYDOXDWLY 9DOHQHOH ORU
IRUPDWLYH OH UHFRPDQG VXVLQXW vQ DFHVW VHQV Este cazul, în special, al
LQYHVWLJDLHL SURLHFWXOXL úL SRUWRIROLXOXL FDUH vQ DIDUD IDSWXOXL F UHSUH]LQW
importante instrumente de evaluare, constituie în primul rând sarcini de lucru a
FURUUH]ROYDUHVWLPXOHD]vQYDUHDGHWLSHXULVWLF
Dintre YDOHQ HOH IRUPDWLYH ale metodelor complementare de evaluare pot fi
PHQLRQDWH
- RSRUWXQLWDWHD FUHDW SURIHVRUXOXL GH D RELQH QRL úL LPSRUWDQWH
LQIRUPDLLDVXSUDQLYHOXOXLGHSUHJWLUHDOHOHYLORUVLPe baza acestor
LQIRUPDLLSURIHVRUXOvúLIXQGDPHQWHD]MXGHFDWDGHYDORDUHSHFDUH
RH[SULPvQWURDSUHFLHUHFkWPDLRELHFWLYDSHUIRUPDQHORUHOHYLORU
úLDSURJUHVHORUvQUHJLVWUDWHGHFWUHDFHúWLD
- SRVLELOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH D DUWD FHHD FH úWLH úL PDL DOHV FHHD FH
úWLHVIDFvQWURYDULHWDWHGHFRQWH[WHúLVLWXDLL
- RIHULUHD XQHL LPDJLQL SHUPDQHQW DFWXDOL]DWH DVXSUD SHUIRUPDQ HORU HOHYLORU
vQ UDSRUW FX DELOLW LOH úL FDSDFLW LOH SH FDUH DFHúWLD OH GH LQ SUHFXP úL D

unei imagini cât mai complete asupra profilului general al nivelului de
DFKL]L LL DO HOHYXOXL DPEHOH vQ VSULMLQXO SURIHVRUXOXL
- DVLJXUDUHD XQXL GHPHUV LQWHUDFWLY DO DFWXOXL GH SUHGDUHvQYDUH

adaptat nevoilor de individualizare a sarcinilor de lucru pentru fiecare
HOHY YDORULILFkQG úL VWLPXOkQG SRWHQLDOXO FUHDWLY úL RULJLQDOLWDWHD
acestuia;
- H[HUVDUHD DELOLWLORU SUDFWLFDSOLFDWLYH DOH HOHYLORU DVLJXUkQG R PDL
EXQ FODULILFDUH FRQFHSWXDO úL LQWHJUDUH vQ VLVWHPXO QRLRQDO D
FXQRúWLQHORUDVLPLODWHFDUHDVWIHOGHYLQRSHUDLRQDOH
În termeni generali, metoda HVWH FHD FDUH
FRQWXUHD] vQWUHJXO GHPHUV GH
SURLHFWDUH úL UHDOL]DUH D DF LXQLL HYDOXDWLYH GH OD VWDELOLUHD RELHFWLYHORU GH HYDOXDUH úL SkQ

OD FRQVWUXLUHD úL DSOLFDUHD LQVWUXPHQWXOXL GH HYDOXDUH SULQ FDUH LQWHQ LRQ P V RE LQHP
LQIRUPD LLOH QHFHVDUH úL UHOHYDQWH SHQWUX VFRSXULOH SURSXVH 'LQ DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY
instrumentul de evaluare HVWH SDUWH LQWHJUDQW D PHWRGHL ILLQG FHO FDUH FRQFUHWL]HD] OD
QLYHO GH SURGXV RS LXQHD PHWRGRORJLF D SURIHVRUXOXL SHQWUX PVXUDUHD úL DSUHFLHUHD
FXQRúWLQ HORU úL FRPSHWHQ HORU HOHYXOXL vQWUR VLWXD LH HGXFD LRQDO ELQH GHILQLW
18
&DOLW LOHLQVWUXPHQWHORUGHHYDOXDUH
8WLOL]DUHDWHVWHORUFDSULQFLSDOLQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHvQSUDFWLFDúFRODU
FXUHQWVDXvQVLWXDLHGHH[DPHQSRDWHLQFOXGHXQSRWHQLDOULVFvQPRPHQWXOvQ
FDUH vQ SURLHFWDUHD DFHVWRUD QX VH LQH FRQW GH FDOLWLOH DFHVWXLD FDOLWL
LQGLVSHQVDELOH vQ FRQGLLLOH vQ FDUH VH GRUHúWH UHDOL]DUHD XQHL FRQVLVWHQH D
PVXUULLvQHYDOXDUH7RFPDLGHDFHHDHVWHUHODWLYGLILFLOFDWHVWHOHHODERUDWH
GH SURIHVRUL V VDWLVIDF WRDWH DFHVWH FDOLWL WHKQLFH vQ FRQGLLL RSWLPH
GH]DYDQWDM FDUHHVWH vQV vQOWXUDW vQ PRPHQWXO vQ FDUH WHVWHOH VXQW SURGXVH
GH R LQVWLWXLH VSHFLDOL]DW vQ DFHVW VHQV ,QGLIHUHQW GH PHWRGD SULQ FDUH VH
HYDOXHD]XWLOL]DUHDXQXLLQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHLQVXILFLHQWGHELQHFDOLEUDWGLQ
SXQFWGHYHGHUHDOUHVSHFWULLFDOLWLORUVDOHWHKQLFHDGXFHLPSRUWDQWHSUHMXGLFLL
GHPHUVXOXLLQLLDWUHODWLYL]kQGFRQVLGHUDELOUH]XOWDWHOHúLHIHFWHOHHYDOXULL
'HVFULHUHDVXFFLQWDDFHVWRUFDOLWLHVWHSUH]HQWDWvQFRQWLQXDUHYH]L
úL,1HDFúX$6WRLFDFRRUGSJ
3ULQFLSDOHOHFDOLWLDOHXQXLLQVWUXPHQWGHHYDOXDUHSHFDUHvOYRPQXPL
în continuare test sunt: YDOLGLWDWHD ILGHOLWDWHD RELHFWLYLWDWHD úL
aplicabilitatea.
Validitatea XQXL WHVW HVWH H[SULPDW GH DFXUDWH HD FX FDUH WHVWXO UHVSHFWLY

P VRDU FHHD FH LQWHQ LRQHD] V
P VRDUH ÌQ FRQVHFLQ D DSUHFLD GDF XQ WHVW

P VRDUD FHHD FH úLD SURSXV V PVRDUH QX VH SRDWH IDFH GHFkW vQ UHOD LH FX VFRSXO
WHVWXOXL UHVSHFWLY 3ULPD vQWUHEDUH OD FDUH WUHEXLH V UVSXQG DXWRUXO XQXL WHVW HVWH FH
LQWHQ LRQH] V PVRU SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO DFHVWXL LQVWUXPHQW? Prima constatare pe care o
SRDWH IDFH HVWH DFHHD F WUHEXLH V VH UDSRUWH]H OD FHHD FH HVWH FDSDELO V PVRDUH
vQ PRPHQWXO UHVSHFWLY PRWLY SHQWUX FDUH GH UHJXO SULQ SURLHFWDUHD XQXL WHVW VH FHUH
HOHYLORU V UVSXQG OD DQXPLWH FHULQ H úL VDUFLQL GH OXFUX FDUH OL VH GDX DFHVWRUD VSUH
UH]ROYDUH &RQVHFLQ D GLUHFW D DFHVWXL IDSW HVWH F FHHD FH PVXUP VXQW GRDU
FRPSRUWDPHQWH (VWH PXOW PDL JUHX GH UHDOL]DW P VXUDUHD DFHORU DVSHFWH FDUH LQ GH
LQWHUHVHOH HOHYLORU GH DELOLW LOH DFHVWRUD VDX GH ODWXUD DIHFWLYDWLWXGLQDO D SHUVRQDOLW LL
HOHYLORU $FHVWH DVSHFWH QX SRW IL PVXUDWH vQ PRG GLUHFW
ÌQ FDGUXO XQXL WHVW QX WUHEXLH V H[LVWH HOHPHQWH GH LQWHUIHUHQ 'H H[HPSOX
XQ WHVW FDUH PVRDUD JUDGXO GH H[HUVDUH DO XQXL DOJRULWP GH DQDOL] JUDPDWLFDO QX
WUHEXLH VFULV vQWUXQ OLPEDM JUHX DFFHVLELO YkUVWHL HOHYLORU VDX V ULGLFH SUREOHPH GH
YRFDEXODU VDX VWLO SHQWUX F vQ DFHVW IHO YRU IL PVXUDWH DELOLW L GH VWSkQLUH D
HOHPHQWHORU GH OLPE úL DELD vQ SODQ VHFXQGDU FHOH SUHVXSXVH GH DQDOL]D JUDPDWLFDO
19
3HQWUX FD XQ WHVW V ILH FRQVLGHUDW YDOLG WUHEXLH V DFRSHUH vQWUHJXO FRQ LQXW DO
SURJUDPHL GH H[DPHQ vQWUXQ PRG DGHFYDW LQkQG FRQW GH OXQJLPHD SRQGHUHD VDX
LPSRUWDQ D GLIHULWHORU DVSHFWH DOH FRQ LQXWXOXL OD FDUH IDFH UHIHULUH
În continuare vom face referire la câteva tipuri de validitate:

• YDOLGLWDWHD GH FRQ LQXW
• validitatea de construct
• YDOLGLWDWHD FRQFXUHQW
• YDOLGLWDWHD SUHGLFWLY
• YDOLGLWDWHD GH ID DG
1. 9DOLGLWDWHD GH FRQLQXW UHOHY PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO DFRSHU vQ PRG
XQLIRUP HOHPHQWHOH GH FRQLQXW PDMRUH SH FDUH DFHVWD OH WHVWHD]
$SUHFLHUHDYDOLGLWLLGHFRQLQXWVHIDFHSULQHVWLPDUHDFRQFRUGDQHL
GLQWUH LWHPLL WHVWXOXL úL RELHFWLYHOH RSHUDLRQDOH GHILQLWH SH ED]D
FRQLQXWXULORUHVHQLDOHDOHSURJUDPXOXLGHLQVWUXLUH
2. Validitatea de construct H[SULP DFXUDWHHD FX FDUH WHVWXO PVRDU

XQDQXPLWFRQVWUXFWVSHFLILFDWGHH[HPSOXLQWHOLJHQD FUHDWLYLWDWHD
VXFFHVXO úFRODU HWF 'H DVHPHQHD DFHVW WLS GH YDOLGLWDWH YL]HD]
FRQFRUGDQD GLQWUH QDWXUD LWHPLORU úL RELHFWLYHOH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
FRQLQXWXULORUVXSXVHHYDOXULLGHFLUDSRUWXOLWHPQLYHOXOvQYULL
3. VDOLGLWDWHD FRQFXUHQW IDFH UHIHULUH OD FRQFRUGDQD GLQWUH UH]XOWDWHOH

RELQXWH GH XQ HOHY OD XQ WHVW úL XQHOH FULWHULL GH FRPSRUWDPHQW
VLPLODUHÌQFRQVHFLQYDOLGLWDWHDFRQFXUHQWUHIOHFWPVXUDvQFDUH
VFRUXULOHvQUHJLVWUDWHODXQWHVWUHODLRQHD]FXDOWHPVXUULUHDOL]DWH
DVXSUDDFHORUDúLDELOLWL
4. 9DOLGLWDWHD SUHGLFWLY YL]HD] PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO SRDWH IDFH

SURJQR]D SHUIRUPDQHORU YLLWRDUH DOH HOHYXOXL 5H]XOWDWHOH SUH]HQWH
ale testului sunt utilizate pentru a atinge acest scop. Acest tip de
YDOLGLWDWH YL]HD] HVWLPDUHDGHWHUPLQDUHD FRUHODLHL GLQWUH
SHUIRUPDQD vQUHJLVWUDW OD XQ WHVW FDUH D IRVW DGPLQLVWUDW úL
SHUIRUPDQDODWHVWHFDUHXUPHD]DILVXVLQXWHODDFHHDúLGLVFLSOLQ
GHVWXGLXVDXDVXSUDDFHOHLDúLH[WHQVLLFXUULFXODUH
5. 9DOLGLWDWHD GH IDDG )DFH 9DOLGLW\ H[SULP PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO
HVWHUHOHYDQWúLLPSRUWDQWSHQWUXFHLFDUHVXQWWHVWDL'HH[HPSOXXQ
WHVWFDUHHYDOXHD]FRQLQXWXULGHGLPHQVLXQLGLIHULWHVDXFRQVLGHUDWH
20
D IL GH LPSRUWDQ GLIHULW WUHEXLH V H[SULPH DFHVW IDSW SULQWUR
SRQGHUHGLIHULWDLWHPLORUSHXQLWLGHFRQLQXWVSHFLILFH
Printre factoriiFDUHLQIOXHQHD]YDOLGLWDWHDXQXLWHVWVHLQFOXG
- LQGLFDLLQHFODUH
- nivelul de dificultate inadecvat al itemilor de test;
- LWHPLLQFRUHFLGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHWHKQLF
- test prea scurt;
- DGPLQLVWUDUHDúLVDXFRUHFWDUHDQHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHDWHVWXOXL
- LJQRUDUHD YDULDELOHL GHVHPQDWH SULQ FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH JUXSXOXL FUXLD L
VHDGPLQLVWUHD]WHVWXO
Fidelitatea UHSUH]LQW calitatea unui test de a produce rezultate

FRQVWDQWH vQ XUPD DSOLFULL VDOH UHSHWDWH. Un test caracterizat printr-un grad
ULGLFDW GH ILGHOLWDWH DSOLFDW vQ FRQGLLL LGHQWLFH DFHOXLDúL JUXS GH HOHYL GDU vQ
GLIHULWH RFD]LL WUHEXLH V FRQGXF OD RELQHUHD DFHORUDúL UH]XOWDWH VDX FX
GLIHUHQHPLQLPH
)LGHOLWDWHD XQXL WHVW DUH OHJWXU GLUHFW FX PRGXO vQ FDUH VH DVLJXU
FRQVLVWHQD PVXUULL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD XQHL FRQVLVWHQH SHVWH WLPS GH OD
SHUVRDQODRDOWSHUVRDQGLQWUXQORFvQDOWXO
3HQWUXHVWLPDUHDILGHOLWLLXQXLWHVWVHIRORVHVFXUPWRDUHOHmetode:
a) metoda test-retestFDUHYL]HD]VWDELOLWDWHDWHVWXOXLUHVSHFWLYDFHVWD
ILLQGDSOLFDWGHGRXRULDFHOXLDúLJUXSVDXODGRXJUXSXULGLIHULWHGH
HOHYL GDU FX DFHOHDúL DELOLWL OD XQ LQWHUYDO GH WLPS YDULLQG vQWUH
FkWHYDPLQXWHúLFkLYDDQL
b) metoda formelor echivalente FH HYLGHQLD] HFKLYDOHQD WHVWXOXL
UHVSHFWLY SULQ DGPLQLVWUDUHD OD XQ LQWHUYDO GH WLPS VFXUW D GRX
IRUPH GH WHVW HFKLYDOHQWH DFHOXLDúL JUXS GH HOHYL &HOH GRX IRUPH
GHWHVWWUHEXLHVILHSDUDOHOHDGLFVFRQLQDFHODúLQXPUGHLWHPL
DUDQMDLvQDFHODúLIRUPDWGHWHVWVDFRSHUHDFHODúLFRQLQXWVDLE
XQQLYHOGHGLILFXOWDWHVLPLODUúLLQVWUXFLXQLGHDGPLQLVWUDUHVLPLODUH
c) metoda test-retest cu forme echivalente UHIOHFW DWkW VWDELOLWDWHD FkW
úL HFKLYDOHQD WHVWXOXL vQ FDX] 6H DGPLQLVWUHD] DFHOXLDúL JUXS GH
HOHYLGRXIRUPHDOHDFHOXLDúLWHVWODXQLQWHUYDOGHWLPSVFXUW
d) PHWRGDvQMXPWLULLHVWHFHDFDUHSXQHvQYDORDUHFRQVLVWHQDLQWHUQ
DWHVWXOXL$FHVWDVHDSOLFRVLQJXUGDWGXSFHvQSUHDODELODIRVW
vPSULW vQ GRX MXPWL HFKLYDOHQWH GH H[HPSOX LWHPL SDUL úL LWHPL
impari).
Printre factoriiFDUHLQIOXHQHD]ILGHOLWDWHDPHQLRQP
- lungimea testului &X FkW WHVWXO HVWH PDL OXQJ FX DWkW FUHúWH
fidelitatea sa.
21
- dispersia scorurilor&XFkWvPSUúWLHUHDVFRUXULORUHVWHPDLPDUHFX
atât testul este mai fidel.
- RSLXQHD DVXSUD WLSXOXL GH LWHP úL FRUHFWLWXGLQHD WHKQLF FX FDUH
LWHPLL UHVSHFWLYL VXQW FRQVWUXLL. Testul format majoritar din itemi
RELHFWLYLDUHRILGHOLWDWHFUHVFXW
- modul în care testul a fost administrat (timpul suficient alocat,
LQVWUXFLXQLOH GH WHVW IXUQL]DWH FRQGLLLOH DVLJXUDWH VSDLX
temperatura, lumina, zgomotul etc.).
- schema de notare 2 VFKHP GH QRWDUH FODU úL ELQH VWUXFWXUDW
FUHúWHILGHOLWDWHDWHVWXOXL
5HOD LDGLQWUHYDOLGLWDWHúLILGHOLWDWH
)LGHOLWDWHDHVWHRFRQGLLHQHFHVDUGDUQXúLVXILFLHQWSHQWUXYDOLGLWDWH
8Q WHVW SRDWH IL ILGHO IU D IL YDOLG GHRDUHFH WHVWXO SRDWH PVXUD DOWFHYD
GHFkWúLDSURSXVVPVRDUH
'DFXQWHVWQXHVWHILGHOHOQXHVWHQLFLYDOLG
ÌQ vQFHUFDUHD GH D vPEXQWL ILGHOLWDWHD HVWH LPSRUWDQW V QH DVLJXUP F
DFHVWGHPHUVQXDIHFWHD]YDOLGLWDWHDWHVWXOXLUHVSHFWLY
ÌQ VLWXDLD vQ FDUH H[LVW XQ FRQIOLFW vQWUH YDOLGLWDWH úL ILGHOLWDWH DVLJXUDUHD
YDOLGLWLLHVWHFHDFDUHWUHEXLHVDLESULRULWDWH
Obiectivitatea UHSUH]LQW JUDGXO GH FRQFRUGDQ vQWUH DSUHFLHULOH IFXWH

GH HYDOXDWRUL LQGHSHQGHQL vQ FHHD FH SULYHúWH XQ UVSXQV EXQ SHQWUX ILHFDUH
dintre itemii unui test7HVWHOHVWDQGDUGL]DWHDXRIRDUWHEXQRELHFWLYLWDWH
Aplicabilitatea VDX YDOLGLWDWHD GH DSOLFDUH GHVHPQHD] calitatea unui

WHVW GH D IL DGPLQLVWUDW úL LQWHUSUHWDW FX XúXULQ. Printre criteriile vQ IXQFLH GH
FDUH VH DSUHFLD] EXQD DSOLFDELOLWDWH D XQXL WHVW VH vQVFULX $XVXEHO VL
Robinson, 1981, p. 687):
- LPSRUWDQDFRQLQXWXOXLSHFDUHWHVWXOvOPVRDU
- FRQFRUGDQDGLQWUHIRUPDúLFRQLQXWXOWHVWXOXLúLQLYHOXOGHYkUVWDO
elevului testat;
- FRVWXOúLWLPSXOQHFHVDUHSHQWUXDGPLQLVWUDUHDWHVWXOXL
- RELHFWLYLWDWHDvQQRWDUHúLLQWHUSUHWDUHDUH]XOWDWHORU
1.5. Tipuri de itemi

3HQWUX R vQHOHJHUH PDL EXQ D DFHVWHL SUREOHPDWLFL YRP RSHUD FX
XUPWRDUHDGHILQLLHGHOXFUXDitemului:
Item = <întrebare> + <formatul acesteia> + <UVSXQVXODúWHSWDW>
22

7HRULD úL SUDFWLFD HYDOX ULL HYLGHQ LD]
PDL PXOWH FLWHULL SH ED]D F URUD SRW IL
FODVLILFD L LWHPLL 8QXO GLQWUH FULWHULLOH FHO PDL GHV XWLOL]DWH HVWH DFHOD DO gradului de
obiectivitate oferit în corectare ÌQ IXQF LH GH DFHVW FULWHULX LWHPLL SRW IL FODVLILFD L vQ
trei mari categorii:
a) itemi obiectivi
b) itemi semiobiectivi
c) LWHPLVXELHFWLYLFXUVSXQVGHVFKLV
Itemii obiectivi WHVWHD]XQQXPUPDUHGHHOHPHQWHGHFRQLQXWvQWUXQ
interval de timp relativ scurt, asigurând un grad de obiectivitate ridicat în
PVXUDUHDUH]XOWDWHORUúFRODUH
Itemii semiobiectivi SRW DFRSHUL R JDP YDULDW GH FDSDFLWL
LQWHOHFWXDOHFDUHVHGRUHVFDILWHVWDWHRIHULQGvQDFHODúLWLPSSRVLELOLWDWHDGHD
XWLOL]D úL PDWHULDOH DX[LOLDUH XWLOH HOHYLORU vQ UH]ROYDUHD VDUFLQLORU GH OXFUX
propuse.
,WHPLL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV VXQW UHODWLY XúRU GH FRQVWUXLW
SULQFLSDOD SUREOHP FRQVWLWXLQGR PRGXO GH HODERUDUH D VFKHPHL GH QRWDUH D
DFHVWRUD FX DWkW PDL PXOW FX FkW DFHDVW FDWHJRULH GH LWHPL YL]HD]
GHPRQVWUDUHDGHFWUHHOHYLvQUVSXQVDRULJLQDOLWLLúLFUHDWLYLWLLORU
7LSXULOH GH LWHPL FDUH VH LQFOXG vQ ILHFDUH GLQWUH FDWHJRULLOH PHQ LRQDWH DQWHULRU

YRU IL GHVFULVH GHWDOLDW vQ FDSLWROHOH XUP WRDUH DOH JKLGXOXL
23
Capitolul 2 – Itemi obiectivi
2.1 ,WHPL FX DOHJHUH GXDO
2.2 Itemi de tip pereche
2.3 ,WHPL FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO
7HVWHOH vQ VSHFLDO FHOH VWDQGDUGL]DWH FRQ LQ GH PXOWH RUL LWHPL RELHFWLYL SHQWUX F
VROLFLW HOHYXOXL VHOHFWDUHD
U VSXQVXOXL FRUHFW VDX D FHOXL PDL EXQ U VSXQV GLQ
variantele oferite.
,WHPLL RELHFWLYL SUH]LQW DQXPLWH SURSULHW L FDUDFWHULVWLFH
- DFRSHU R JDP ODUJ GH RELHFWLYH GH HYDOXDW úL GH HOHPHQWH GH FRQ LQXW vQWUXQ
interval de timp relativ scurt;
- VDUFLQLOH SURSXVH VXQW H[SOLFLWH úL FRUHODWH FX RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH
- VXQW XúRU GH FRQVWUXLW FRUHFWDW úL QRWDW
- JDUDQWHD] RELHFWLYLWDWHD
FRUHFW ULL úL
QRW ULL LQGLIHUHQW GH FkWH SHUVRDQH
FRUHFWHD]
- SHUPLW XQ IHHGEDFN úL GLDJQR]D UDSLG
Obiectivitatea DFHVWRU LWHPL DUH WUHL GLUHF LL GH PDQLIHVWDUH
- RELHFWLYLWDWHD FRQVWUXF LHL LWHPXOXL FHULQ D HVWH VWUXFWXUDW úL FRUHODW FX XQ
obiectiv de evaluare;
- RELHFWLYLWDWHD SHUFHS LHL VDUFLQLL GH FWUH HOHYXO H[DPLQDWHOHYL GLIHULWL
VROXWLRQkQG LQ DFHODúL PRG DFHODúL LWHP
-
RELHFWLYLWDWHD QRW ULL HYDOX ULL HYDOXDWRUL GLIHUL L DFRUG DFHODúL SXQFWDM SHQWUX
DFHHDúL VROX LH D XQXL LWHP
,WHPLL RELHFWLYL SRW IL XWLOL]D L OD RULFH GLVFLSOLQ WHRORJLF GHRDUHFH IRUPDWXO ORU DUH R
mare flexibilitate:
- DGHFYD L HYDOXULL XQHL SODMH ODUJL GH RELHFWLYH GH HYDOXDUH
ÌQ FDWHJRULD LWHPLORU RELHFWLYL VXQW LQFOXúL
- LWHPL FX DOHJHUH GXDO DGHYUDWIDOV GDQX FRUHFWLQFRUHFW

- itemi de tip “pereche” (de asociere);
- LWHPL FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO
,WHPLFXDOHJHUHGXDODGHYUDWIDOVVDXUVSXQVDOWHUQDWLY
'HILQL LH ,WHPXO FX DOHJHUH GXDO HVWH LWHPXO SHQWUX FDUH HOHYXO HYDOXDW HVWH VROLFLWDW
V VHOHFWH]H XQ UVSXQV FRUHFW GLQ GRX UVSXQVXUL SRVLELOH OD R vQWUHEDUH
VDX SUREOHP
,WHPXO VROLFLW FHOXL HYDOXDW V DVRFLH]H XQXL HQXQ GDW XQD GLQ FRPSRQHQWHOH

XUP WRDUHORU JUXSXUL GH DOWHUQDWLYH
DGHY UDWIDOV FRUHFWJUHúLW GDQX DFRUG
GH]DFRUG FRUHFWLQFRUHFW HQXQ IDFWXDO HQXQ GH RSLQLH HWF
&HO PDL IUHFYHQW IRORVL L VXQW LWHPLL GH WLS DGHY UDWIDOV
Domenii de utilizare:
- FXQRDúWHUHD WHUPLQRORJLHL D XQRU GDWH IDFWXDOH D XQRU SULQFLSLL
- FRPSDUD LL vQWUH FRQFHSWH
- UHOD LL vQWUH GRX HYHQLPHQWH SULQFLSLL FRQFHSWH
- H[SOLFD LL DOH XQRU FRQFHSWH
- HYDOXDUHD XQRU DILUPD LL UHIHULWRDUH OD HYHQLPHQWH
- FRPSDUD LL vQWUH FRQFHSWH
24
Reguli pentru proiectarea acestui tip de itemi:(N.Gronlund,p.167)
- IRUPXODUHD FODU SUHFLV IU DPELJXLW L VDX DVSHFWH LUHOHYDQWH
- HYLWDUHD HQXQ XULORU JHQHUDOH PDL DOHV FkQG H VROLFLWDW DSUHFLHUHD ORU FD
DGHY UDW VDX IDOV

- HYLWDUHD HQXQ XULORU QHJDWLYH úL vQ VSHFLDO D GXEOHL QHJD LL FDUH LQGXFH XQ vQDOW
grad de ambiguitate;
- HYLWDUHD HQXQ XULORU SUHD OXQJL úL FRPSOH[H D OLPEDMXOXL DFDGHPLF D
FRQVWUXF LLORU OLQJYLVWLFH JUHRDLH
- LGHL GLVWLQFWH vQWUXQ HQXQ

HYLWDUHD LQWURGXFHULL D GRX
- HQXQ XULOH DGHYUDWH úL FHOH IDOVH V ILH DSUR[LPDWLY HJDOH FD OXQJLPH
- QXPUXO HQXQ XULORU DGHYUDWH úL FHO DO HQXQ XULORU IDOVH V ILH DSUR[LPDWLY HJDO
QX H[DFW HJDO GHRDUHFH SRDWH FRQVWLWXL XQ LQGLFLX GXS FDUH HOHYXO vQFHDUF V
JKLFHDVF UVSXQVXO FRUHFW
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a II-a
Capitolul: Catehism
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH GHILQLUHD 6ILQ LL ÌPSUWúDQLL

(QXQ &LWHúWH FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LD XUP WRDUH ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD

HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD A GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV
vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD F.
A/F
6IkQWD ÌPS UW úDQLH HVWH 7DLQD vPS UW úLULL FX 7UXSXO úL 6kQJHOH 'RPQXOXL VXE

FKLSXO SkLQLL úL DO YLQXOXL SHQWUX LHUWDUHD S FDWHORU úL SHQWUX PRúWHQLUHD YLH LL GH
veci.

5 VSXQV FRUHFW: A
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a IV-a
Capitolul: Vechiul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V UHDOL]H]H R FRUHOD LH vQWUH SURIH LLOH 9HFKLXOXL 7HVWDPHQW FX
împlinirile din Noul Testament.


HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHúWH FXYkQWXO DA GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH

IDOV vQFHUFXLHúWH FXYkQWXO NU.
DA / NU 3URIHWXO 0LKHHD D SURRURFLW QDúWHUHD OXL 0HVLD vQ %HWOHHP

5 VSXQV FRUHFW: DA
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a II-a
Capitolul: Noul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V FXQRDVF VUEWRULOH vPSUWHúWL


HVWH DGHY UDW VXEOLQLD] FXYkQWXO CORECT GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH
IDOV VXEOLQLD] FXYkQWXO *5(ù,7

&25(&7 *5(ù,7 %RWH]XO 'RPQXOXL VH V UE WRUHúWH vQ ILHFDUH DQ OD LDQXDULH

5 VSXQV FRUHFW *5(ù,7

5 VSXQV : 6 ianuarie
25
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a VIII-a
Capitolul: $SRVWRODW úL VSLULWXDOLWDWH
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V GHILQHDVF ³VLQHUJLD´


A/F 6LQHUJLD UHSUH]LQW FRQOXFUDUHD vQWUH KDUXO GLYLQ úL IDSWHOH RPXOXL

5 VSXQV FRUHFW: A
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a V-a
Capitolul: 1R LXQL GH OLWXUJLF
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V UHFXQRDVF SULQFLSDOHOH SU L FRPSRQHQWH DOH
Bisericii.


A/F
3 U LOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH %LVHULFLL VXQW DOWDU QDRV SURQDRV

5 VSXQV FRUHFW: A
Exemplul 6
Clasa: I
Capitolul: Catehism
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V UHFXQRDVF QXPHOH SULPLORU RDPHQL FUHD L GH
Dumnezeu.


HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHúWH FXYkQWXO DA GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH

IDOV vQFHUFXLHúWH FXYkQWXO NU.
DA / NU 3ULPLL RDPHQL FUHD L GH 'XPQH]HX DX IRVW $GDP úL (YD

5 VSXQV FRUHFW: DA
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a VI-a
Capitolul: 1R LXQL GH PRUDO FUHúWLQ
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V H[SOLFH VLPEROXULOH GLQWUR SLOG


HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHúWH FXYkQWXO CORECT GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD
HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXLHúWH FXYkQWXO *5(ù,7.
&25(&7 *5(ù,7 0LUHOH GLQ ³3LOGD FHORU ]HFH IHFLRDUH´ VLPEROL]HD] SH 0kQWXLWRUXO
Iisus Hristos care vine la Judecata de Apoi.

5 VSXQV FRUHFW: CORECT
26
Exemplul 8
Clasa: a VII-a
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELOL V LGHQWLILFH VHPQLILFD LD FRUHFW D XQRU WH[WH
(versete) biblice.


HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHúWH FXYkQWXO CORECT GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD
HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXLHúWH FXYkQWXO *5(ù,7.

&25(&7 *5(ù,7 ([SUHVLD ³FHL V UDFL FX GXKXO´ VH UHIHU OD FHL SURúWL

5 VSXQV FRUHFW *5(ù,7

5 VSXQV FRUHFW ([SUHVLD ³FHL V UDFL FX GXKXO´ VH UHIHU OD FHL VPHUL L
FHULQ HL GH D LGHQWLILFD
3HQWUX D ULGLFD QLYHOXO GH GLILFXOWDWH D LWHPLORU FX DOHJHUH GXDO
HQXQ XULOH DGHYUDWH UHVSHFWLY IDOVH L VH SRW DGXJD GRX FHULQ H VXSOLPHQWDUH
a) VXEOLQLHUHD FXYkQWXOXL FDUH GHWHUPLQ FDUDFWHUXO HURQDW DO HQXQ XOXL

b) vQORFXLUHD OXL FX XQ FXYkQW FDUH IDFH FD DILUPD LD V GHYLQ DGHYUDW
Exemplul 1
Disciplina: Religie
Clasa: a X-a
Capitol 'RJPDWLF
Obiectiv (OHYLL V ILH FDSDELOL V UHFXQRDVF SULQFLSDOHOH vQVXúLUL DOH vQY WXULL
FUHúWLQH

(QXQ &LWHúWH FX DWHQ LH ILHFDUH GLQ XUP WRDUHOH DILUPD LL ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F

DILUPD LD HVWH DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD (A) GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV
vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD (F) ÌQ FD]XO DILUPD LLORU IDOVH
a) VXEOLQLD] FXYkQWXO FDUH IDFH FD DILUPD LD V ILH IDOV
b) VFULH vQ VSD LXO PDUFDW FXYkQWXO FDUH IDFH FD DILUPD LD V GHYLQ DGHYUDW
1. 5HYHOD LD GXPQH]HLDVF HVWH
GH]Y OXLUHD vQY WXULORU SH FDUH D
I FXWR
Dumnezeu omenirii.
A F …………………….
(5VSXQV FRUHFW $)
2. 6LPEROXO FUHGLQ HL HVWH R VFXUW SRYHVWLUH D FUHGLQ HL FUHúWLQH FXSULQV vQ 6IkQWD

7UDGL LH úL 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU
A F …………………….
(5VSXQV FRUHFW F)
- cuvântul care trebuie subliniat povestire
- cuvântul cu care trebuie înlocuit PUWXULVLUH
3. 3ULQ FKLSXO OXL 'XPQH]HX vQ HOHJHP VXIOHWXO QHPXULWRU vQ]HVWUDW FX UD LXQH YRLQ
úL VHQWLPHQW
A F …………………….
(5VSXQV FRUHFW A)
4. 'DWRULW QHDVFXOWULL R SDUWH GLQ vQJHUL DX F]XW

A F …………………….
(5VSXQV FRUHFW F)
- cuvântul care trebuie subliniat QHDVFXOWULL
- cuvântul cu care trebuie înlocuit mândriei
27
2. 2 Itemi de tip “pereche” (de asociere)
'HILQL LH ,WHPLL GH WLS SHUHFKH VXQW IRUPD L GLQ GRX OLVWH úL LQVWUXF LXQL FDUH
SUHFL]HD] PRGXO vQ FDUH VH YD UHDOL]D DVRFLHUHD HOHPHQWHORU DFHVWRUD úL PRGXO GH
înregistrare.
,WHPXO GH WLS ³SHUHFKH´ LPSXQH FD VDUFLQ VWDELOLUHD XQRU FRUHVSRQGHQ H
FRUHFWH vQWUH FXYLQWH SURSR]L LL IUD]H QXPHUH OLWHUH VLPEROXUL GLVWULEXLWH
SH GRX FRORDQH
a) FRQ LQH HQXQ XO LWHPXOXL úL VXQW GHQXPLWH premise;
SULPD FRORDQ
D GRXD FRORDQ FRQ LQH UVSXQVXULOH.

b)
&ULWHULXO VDX FULWHULLOH SH ED]D FURUD VH VWDELOHúWH UVSXQVXO FRUHFW VH UHDOL]HD]
DVRFLHUHD vQWUH SUHPLVH úL UVSXQVXUL VXQW HQXQ DWH úL H[SOLFDWH vQ LQVWUXF LXQLOH FDUH
SUHFHG FHOH GRX FRORDQH GH SUHPLVH úL UVSXQVXUL
8WLOL]DUHD LWHPLORU GH WLS SHUHFKH VH ED]HD] SH DELOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH D LGHQWLILFD UHOD LD
vQWUH FHOH GRX HOHPHQWH FXP DU IL
- reguli – exemple
- SHUVRQDOLW L ± UHDOL]UL
- date – evenimente istorice
- SULQFLSLL ± H[HPSOLILFUL
- simboluri – concepte
- SU L FRPSRQHQWH ± XWLOL]UL
- autori – opere
- WHUPHQL ± GHILQL LL
Reguli de proiectare(N.Gronlund,p.173):
- V VH XWLOL]H]H XQ PDWHULDO RPRJHQ GLQ DFHODúL GRPHQLX DO RELHFWLYHORU FH YRU IL
FRUHODWH vQ FDGUXO DFHOXLDúL WLS GH LWHP
- V VH LQFOXG XQ QXPU LQHJDO GH SUHPLVH XQ QXPU PDL PLF úL UVSXQVXUL XQ

QXP U PDL PDUH LDU HOHYLL VD ILH LQVWUXL L FXP SRW IRORVL U VSXQVXOR GDW GH PDL
PXOWH RUL QLFL R GDW
- OLVWD UVSXQVXULORU V ILH vQWUR RUGLQH ORJLF SHQWUX HYLWDUHD IXUQL]ULL
UVSXQVXOXL FRUHFW
- SODVDUHD SH DFHHDúL SDJLQ D SUHPLVHORU úL UVSXQVXULORU
Exemplul 1
Disciplina: Religie
Clasa: a VI-a
Capitol 1R LXQL GH OLWXUJLF
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V UHFXQRDVF
GDWD SULQFLSDOHORU V UE WRUL GRPQHúWL FX GDWH

IL[
: În coloana din stânga (A VXQW HQXPHUDWH GDWHOH XQRU VUEWRUL vPSUWHúWL

(QXQ
coloana din dreapta (B FRQ LQH GHQXPLUHD VUEWRULORU vPSUWHúWL
$VRFLD] ILHFDUH VUEWRDUH GLQ FRORDQD (B) FX GDWH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH GLQ
coloana( A) VFULLQG vQ VSD LXO GLQ VWkQJD QXPUXOXL GH RUGLQH GLQ SULPD
FRORDQ A OLWHUD SRWULYLW GLQ FRORDQD B).
A B
……… 1. 6 august D1DúWHUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
……… 2. 1 ianuarie b.Înâmpinarea Domnului

……… 3. 2 februarie F7LHUHD ± vPSUHMXU
……… 4. 25 decembrie d.Intrarea Domnului în Ierusalim

……… 5. 6 ianuarie H6FKLPEDUHD OD )D
f. Botezul Domnului
g. Învierea Domnului

5 VSXQV FRUHFW: 1e, 2c, 3b, 4a, 5f
G úL J VXQW YDULDQWH HURQDWH úL QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDWH QLFL XQHL GDWH
28
Exemplul 2
Disciplina: Religie
Clasa: a V-a
Obiectiv (OHYLL WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH VLPEROXULOH SULQFLSDOHORU RELHFWH GH FXOW
(QXQ : În coloana din stânga (A DYH L FkWHYD RELHFWH GH FXOW ÌQVFULH L vQ SDUWHD GLQ
VWkQJD GLQ ID D ILHFUXL RELHFW GH FXOW GLQ FRORDQD A) litera din coloana (B)
care corespunde principalei simbolisticii a acestuia.
A B
……… 1. Sfântul Antimis
D ,HVOHD vQ FDUH 6D Q VFXW 0kQWXLWRUXO FX WUXS
……… 2. Sfântul Chivot b. Trupul mort al Domnului Iisus Hristos

……… 3. Sfântul Disc F 7URQXO SH FDUH VW 0kQWXLWRUXO vQ VODYD FHUHDVF
……… 4. Sfântul Potir G *LXOJLXO vQ FDUH D IRVW vQIúXUDW WUXSXO
Mântuitorului când a fost pus în mormânt

……… 5. Sfântul Epitaf H 3DKDUXO GH OD &LQD FHD GH 7DLQ
f. Steaua care a condus Magii la Betleem
g. 6XOL D FDUH D vPSXQV FRDVWD 0kQWXLWRUXOXL

5 VSXQV FRUHFW 1d, 2c, 3a, 4e, 5b
I úL J VXQW YDULDQWH HURQDWH úL QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDWH QLFL XQXL RELHFW GH FXOW SUH]HQWDW
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a IV-a
Capitol: 6OXMLUH úL PLVLXQH
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V UHFXQRDVF ORFXO XQGH VH DIO PRDúWHOH XQRU VILQ L OD QRL vQ
DU
(QXQ : În coloana din stânga (A VXQW HQXPHUDWH ORFXULOH XQGH VH DIO PRDúWHOH XQRU
VILQ L FRORDQD GLQ GUHDSWD B FRQ LQH QXPHOH XQRU VILQ L FX PRDúWH OD QRL vQ

DU $VRFLD] ILHFDUH VIkQW GLQ FRORDQD B FX ORFXO
FRUHVSXQ] WRU GLQ
coloana (A VFULLQG vQ VSD LXO GLQ VWkQJD

QXP UXOXL GH RUGLQH GLQ SULPD
FRORDQ A OLWHUD SRWULYLW GLQ FRORDQD B).
A B
……… 1. ,DúL D 6IkQWD 0XFHQL )LORIWHLD
……… 2. %LVWUL D b. Sfântul Ioan cel Nou de la Suceava
……… 3. &XUWHD GH $UJHú c. Sfântul Grigorie Decapolitul
……… 4. %XFXUHúWL G 6IkQWD &XYLRDV 3DUDVFKLYD
……… 5. Suceava e. Sfântul Dimitrie cel Nou Basarabov
f. 6IkQWXO ,RDQ *XU GH $XU
g. Sfântul Mucenic Dimitrie

5 VSXQV FRUHFW 1d, 2c, 3a, 4e, 5b
I úL J VXQW YDULDQWH HURQDWH GHFL QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDWH QLFL XQXL ORF
29
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a XI-a
Capitol: 2UWRGR[LD úL &XOWXUD 1D LRQDO
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF SHUVRQDOLW L úL FUHD LL FXOWXUDOH
(QXQ 6FULH L vQ VSD LXO SXQFWDW GLQ ID D ILHFUHL RSHUH GLQ FRORDQD A) litera
FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH QXPHOXL DXWRUXOXL VX GLQ FRORDQD B).
A B
……… 1. Varlaam
D1RXO 7HVWDPHQW GH OD % OJUDG
……… 2. 6LPLRQ ùWHIDQ E(YDQJKHOLD FX vQY WXU

……… 3. Dosoftei c.Didahiile
……… 4. Antim Ivireanul
G5 VSXQV OD &DWHKLVPXO FDOYLQHVF
e.Psaltirea în versuri

I 0 UWXULVLUHD 2UWRGR[

5 VSXQV FRUHFW GDHF
E úL I VXQW YDULDQWH HURQDWH GHFL QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDWH QLFL XQHL RSHUH
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a XII-a
Capitol: 6SLULWXDOLWDWH úL PLVLXQH
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V ILH FDSDELO
- V UHFXQRDVF SHUVRQDOLW LOH SROLWLFH úL IDSWHOH FUHúWLQH
(QXQ
6FULH L vQ VSD LXO SXQFWDW GLQ ID D ILHF UHL SHUVRQDOLW L SROLWLFH GLQ FRORDQD A)

OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH P Q VWLULL FRQVWUXLWH GH HD GLQ FRORDQD B).
A B
……… 1.
0LUFHD FHO % WUkQ a. Cozia
……… 2. ùWHIDQ FHO 0DUH b. Hurezi
……… 3. Constantin Brâncoveanu c. Putna
G 1HDP
e. Snagov
f. Sf. Mihail din Peri
g. 9RURQH

5 VSXQV FRUHFW D H F G J E
I HVWH YDULDQW HURQDW GHFL QX WUHEXLH DVRFLDW QLFL XQXL GRPQLWRU
,WHPLLFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSO
'HILQL LH 6XQW LWHPLL FDUH VROLFLW HOHYXOXL HYDOXDW DOHJHUHD VHOHFWDUHD U VSXQVXOXL

FRUHFW VDX D FHOXL PDL EXQ U VSXQV GLQWUXQ QXP U GH YDULDQWH FRQVWUXLWH
GHMD GH DFHHD VH PDL QXPHVF ³LWHPL FX U VSXQV VHOHFWDW´

$FHVW WLS GH LWHP HVWH DOF WXLW GLQWUR SUHPLV úL R OLVW GH DOWHUQDWLYH FDUH UHSUH]LQW
VROX LLOH SRVLELOH FHOH LWHPXOXL (OHYXO WUHEXLH V DOHDJ R VLQJXU YDULDQW FRUHFW
H[LVWHQW GLQWUXQ QXPU GH DOWH YDULDQWH GH UVSXQV LQFRUHFWH GDU SDUDOHOH ± QXPLWH
distractori.
• SHQWUX PVXUDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU vQY ULL D FXQRúWLQ HORU DVLPLODWH
- FXQRDúWHUHD WHUPLQRORJLHL
- FXQRDúWHUHD IDSWHORU VSHFLILFH
- FXQRDúWHUHD SULQFLSLLORU
- FXQRDúWHUHD PHWRGHORU úL SURFHGHHORU
30
•
SHQWUX P VXUDUHD vQ HOHJHULL úL FDSDFLW LL GH DSOLFDUH
- FDSDFLWDWHD GH D LGHQWLILFD DSOLFD LL DOH IDSWHORU úL SULQFLSLLORU
- DELOLWDWHD GH D LQWHUSUHWD UHOD LD FDX] ± HIHFW

- vQ HOHJHUHD úL DUJXPHQWDUHD DOHJHULL XQRU PHWRGH úL SURFHGHH
Reguli de proiectare (A. Stoica – coord., 2001, p. 102):
• Premisa
- IRUPXODW vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX RELHFWLYXO GH HYDOXDUH
- IRUPXODW vQ WHUPHQL FODUL SUHFLúL DGHFYD L YkUVWHL
- WUHEXLH V FRQ LQ XQ YHUE FDUH RULHQWHD] úL GHWHUPLQ DOHJHUHD XQXL UVSXQV
- IRUPXODUHD vQWUHEULL QX WUHEXLH V VXJHUH]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW QLFL V XWLOL]H]H
negativul;
•Distractori
- WUHEXLH V ILH SODX]LELOL úL SDUDOHOL
- WUHEXLH V ILH LQGHSHQGHQ L
- QX WUHEXLH V FRQ LQ LQGLFLL SHQWUX DOHJHUHD UVSXQVXOXL FHUXW
- QX SRW IL FRQVWUXL L FD VLQRQLPH VDX DQWRQLPH DOH XQXLD GLQWUH HL
- QX WUHEXLH V H[LVWH DPELJXLW L FRUHFWLWXGLQHD JUDPDWLFDO ILLQG LPSRUWDQW
- RUGLQHD SODVULL UVSXQVXULORU V ILH DOHDWRDUH
- nu se vor utiliza sintagmele “toate cele de mai sus” sau “nici una dintre cele de
PDL VXV´ vQ VFULHUHD YDULDQWHORU GH U VSXQV
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a VI-a
&RQ LQXW Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V FXQRDVF DQXO UHFXQRDúWHULL 0LWURSROLHL 8QJURYODKLHL
(QXQ : $OHJH
U VSXQVXO FRUHFW úL vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH
$QXO UHFXQRDúWHULL 0LWURSROLHL 8QJURYODKLHL GH F WUH 3DWULDUKLD (FXPHQLF D IRVW
a) 1330
b) 1401
c) 1389
d) 1359

5 VSXQV FRUHFW G
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a VII-a
&RQ LQXW $SRVWRODW úL VSLULWXDOLWDWH
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V UHFXQRDVF
QXPHOH FHOXL FDUH D vQILLQ DW DúH] PLQWHOH
sociale.
(QXQ : $OHJH
U VSXQVXO FRUHFW úL vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH:

3ULPHOH DúH] PLQWH VRFLDOH DX IRVW vQILLQ DWH GH
a) 6IkQWXO ,RDQ *XU GH $XU

b) Sfântul Vasile cel Mare
c) Sfântul Grigorie de Nazianz
d) Sfântul Ierarh Nicolae
5VSXQV FRUHFW b
31
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a VIII-a
&RQ LQXW Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V FXQRDVF DQXO
ULGLF ULL OD UDQJ GH 3DWULDUKLH D %LVHULFLL
Ortodoxe Române.
(QXQ : $OHJH
%LVHULFD 2UWRGR[ 5RPkQ D IRVW ULGLFDW OD UDQJXO GH 3DWULDUKLH vQ DQXO
a) 1918
b) 1925
c) 1921
d) 1884

5 VSXQV FRUHFW E
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a IV-a
&RQ LQXW Noul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH RUGLQHD FURQRORJLF vQWUR VXFFHVLXQH
(QXQ : $OHJH
2UGLQHD FURQRORJLF D XUPWRDUHORU VUEWRUL HVWH
a) ÌQYLHUHD 'RPQXOXL 3RJRUkUHD 6I 'XK ÌQ O DUHD OD FHU D 0kQWXLWRUXOXL
Intrarea Domnului în Ierusalim;

b) Pogorârea Sf. Duh; Intrarea Domnului în Ierusalim; Învierea Domnului;

ÌQ O DUHD OD FHU D 'RPQXOXL
c)
ÌQ O DUHD OD FHU D 'RPQXOXL ,QWUDUHD 'RPQXOXL vQ ,HUXVDOLP ÌQYLHUHD
Domnului; Pogorârea Sf. Duh;

d) ,QWUDUHD 'RPQXOXL vQ ,HUXVDOLP ÌQYLHUHD 'RPQXOXL ÌQ O DUHD OD FHU D
Domnului; Pogorârea Sf. Duh;

5 VSXQV FRUHFW G
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a V-a
&RQ LQXW Istoria Bisericii Universale
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH ORFDOL]DUHD SULPHL FRPXQLW L FUHúWLQH
(QXQ :
$OHJH U VSXQVXO FRUHFW úL vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH
3ULPD FRPXQLWDWH FUHúWLQ D IRVW vQILLQ DW vQ
a) Damasc
b) Ierusalim
c) Antiohia
d) Roma

5 VSXQV FRUHFW E
Exemplul 6
Disciplina: Religie
Clasa: I
&RQ LQXW Noul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH RUDúXO vQ FDUH VD QVFXW 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV
(QXQ : $OHJH
0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV VD Q VFXW vQ RUDúXO
a) Ierusalim
b) Nazaret
c) Betleem
d) Capernaum

5 VSXQV FRUHFW F
32
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a II-a
&RQ LQXW Vechiul Testament
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH SHUVRDQD SH FDUH 'XPQH]HX R vQFUHGLQ HD] FD

S ULQWH DO SRSRUXOXL DOHV
(QXQ : $OHJH

3 ULQWHOH SRSRUXOXL DOHV VH QXPHúWH
a) Moise
b) Iosif
c) Avraam
d) Isaac

5 VSXQV FRUHFW F
Exemplul 8
Clasa: a III-a
&RQ LQXW 1R LXQL GH FDWHKLVP
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V LGHQWLILFH WLSXO 7DLQHL SULQ FDUH GHYHQLP FUHúWLQL
(QXQ : $OHJH
7DLQD FDUH UHSUH]LQW ³SRDUWD GH LQWUDUH vQ FUHúWLQLVP´ HVWH
a) Taina Mirungerii
b) Taina Botezului
c) 7DLQD ÌPSUWúDQLHL
d) Taina Spovedaniei

5 VSXQV FRUHFW E
Exemplul 9
Clasa: a IX-a
&RQ LQXW Marile religii ale lumii
Obiectiv (OHYXO WUHEXLH V FXQRDVF RULJLQHD UHOLJLHL LVODPLFH
(QXQ : $OHJH
5HOLJLD LVODPLF HVWH R VLQWH] D XUPWRDUHORU UHOLJLL
a) KLQGXLVP úL EXGLVP
b) EXGLVP úL FUHúWLQLVP
c) FUHúWLQLVP úL KLQGXLVP
d) LXGDLVP úL FUHúWLQLVP

5 VSXQV FRUHFW G
Exemplul 10
Clasa: a X-a
&RQ LQXW 0RUDO
Obiectiv (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V GLVWLQJ GLQWUH YHUVHWH GLIHULWH WH[WXO FDUH VH UHIHU OD
“Legea iubirii”.
(QXQ : $OHJH
/HJHD 1RXOXL 7HVWDPHQW ³/HJHD LXELULL´ GDW GH 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV HVWH
a) ³(X VXQW 'RPQXO 'RPQXOXL W X V QX DL DO L GXPQH]HL vQ DIDU GH 0LQH´
(Porunca I, Decalog)
b) DFHLD ILLL OXL 'XPQH]HX VH YRU FKHPD´ 0DWHL
³)HULFL L I F WRULL GH SDFH F
c) ³6 LXEHúWL SH 'RPQXO 'XPQH]HXO WX GLQ WRDW LQLPD WD úL GLQ WRW VXIOHWXO WX úL
GLQ WRDW SXWHUHD WD úL GLQ WRW FXJHWXO WX LDU SH DSURDSHOH WX FD SH WLQH vQVX L´
(Luca, 10, 27)

d) ³6 QX LHL QXPHOH 'RPQXOXL 'XPQH]HXOXL W X vQ GHúHUW´ 3RUXQFD D ,,,D
Decalog)

5 VSXQV FRUHFW F
33
Capitolul 3 - Itemi semiobiectivi
3.1
,WHPL FX U VSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH
3.2
ÌQWUHE UL VWUXFWXUDWH
'HILQL LH ,WHPLL VHPLRELHFWLYL VXQW LWHPLL FDUH SXQ HOHYXO vQ VLWXD LD GH D FRQVWUXL SDU LDO

VDX WRWDO U VSXQVXO OD VDUFLQD GHILQLW vQ HQXQ XO LWHPXOXL
6H FDUDFWHUL]HD] SULQ
- SXWHUHD GH D WHVWD R SODM ODUJ GH FDSDFLW L LQWHOHFWXDOH úL UH]XOWDWH DOH
vQY ULL
- SODVDUHD HOHYXOXL vQWUR VLWXD LH FRJQLWLY PDL FRPSOH[ GHFkW LWHPLL RELHFWLYL
- utilizarea unor materiale auxiliare.
Utilizarea itemilor semiobiectivi:

- vQFXUDMHD] DSURIXQGDUHD QR LXQLORU vQY DWH
- FUHúWH YLWH]D GH RSHUDUH FX DFHúWLD úL D H[SULPULL
,WHPLFXUVSXQVVFXUWGHFRPSOHWDUH

,WHPLL FX U VSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH VROLFLW HOHYXOXL IRUPXODUHD XQXL UVSXQV VFXUW
VDX FRPSOHWDUHD DILUPD LHL DVWIHO vQFkW DFHVWD V ILH DGHYUDW V DLE VHQV

ÌQ FDGUXO LWHPLORU FX U VSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH
- VDUFLQD HVWH ELQH VWUXFWXUDW

-
U VSXQVXO HVWH VWULFW OLPLWDW FD VSD LX IRUP úL FRQ LQXW GH VWUXFWXUD VDUFLQLL
- OLEHUWDWHD GH D UHRUJDQL]D LQIRUPD LD úL GH D RIHUL U VSXQVXO vQ DOW IRUP HVWH
OLPLWDW
-
FRUHFWLWXGLQHD U VSXQVXOXL GHPRQVWUHD] QX QXPDL FXQRDúWHUHD FL úL FDSDFLWDWHD
HOHYXOXL GH RUJDQL]DUH úL HVHQ LDOL]DUH D FXQRúWLQ HORU SUHFXP úL HODERUDUHD úL
IRUPXODUHD SRWULYLW
,WHPLL FX
U VSXQV VFXUW SXQ HOHYXO vQ VLWXD LD GH D GD
U VSXQVXO VXE IRUPD XQHL
SURSR]L LL IUD]H VLPERO QXP U VDX D XQXL FXYkQW

,WHPLL GH FRPSOHWDUH VROLFLW HOHYXOXL
J VLUHD FXYkQWXOXL VDX D VLQWDJPHL FDUH
FRPSOHWHD] DILUPD LD GLQ HQXQ FRQIRUP VHQVXOXL DFHVWXLD 'H PXOWH RUL HL DX IRUPD
XQHL DILUPD LL LQFRPSOHWH
Domenii de utilizare ( GXS $ 6WRLFD ± FRRUG

- interpretarea unor date;
- FXQRDúWHUHD WHUPLQRORJLHL VSHFLILFH
- FXQRDúWHUHD XQRU PHWRGH úL SURFHGXUL
- DSOLFDUHD GLUHFW D XQRU OHJL SULQFLSLL
- rezolvarea problemelor numerice simple;
- abilitatea de a utiliza simboluri.
5HJXOL GH SURLHFWDUH D LWHPLORU FX U VSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH

- HQXQ XO úL VDUFLQD WUHEXLH IRUPXODWH FODU DVWIHO vQFkW U VSXQVXO V ILH VFXUW
SUHFLV úL FHO YL]DW
- ILHFDUH LWHP WUHEXLH V FRQ LQ XQ VLQJXU UVSXQV FRUHFW

- VSD LXO SHQWUX UHGDFWDUHD UVSXQVXOXL V ILH VXILFLHQW GH
PDUH úL V VXJHUH]H
GDF UVSXQVXO DúWHSWDW FRQ LQH XQXO VDX PDL PXOWH FXYLQWH
- SUHFL]DW H[SOLFLW H[SULPDUHD DúWHSWDW QXPHULF OLWHUDO JUDILF VLPEROLF
34
- XWLOL]DUHD WHVWHORU GLQ PDQXDO DU WUHEXL HYLWDW SHQWUX D QX vQFXUDMD PHPRUDUHD
PHFDQLF
Avantajele LWHPLORU FX UVSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH
- HYDOXHD] FDSDFLW L GH QLYHO VXSHULRU FHORU LPSOLFDWH vQ VLPSOD UHFXQRDúWHUH úL
reactualizare;
- VROLFLW FRH]LXQH úL HVHQ LDOL]DUH vQ HODERUDUHD UVSXQVXOXL
- HYDOXHD] XQ QXPU GH VHPQLILFDWLY GH FXQRúWLQ H VWUXFWXUDWH vQ GHSULQGHUL úL
FDSDFLW L
- HODERUDUHD ORU HVWH XúRDU
- FRUHFWDUHD úL QRWDUHD DX XQ JUDG VXILFLHQW GH RELHFWLYLWDWH
Dezavantajele LWHPLORU FX UVSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH

- QX VXQW UHFRPDQGD L SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD FDSDFLW LORU LQWHOHFWXDOH VXSHULRDUH ±
UH]ROYDUHD VLQWH]D IRUPXODUHD GH DUJXPHQWH GH VROX LL

GH SUREOHPH DQDOL]
SRVLELOH úL H[SULPDUHD RS LXQLL SHUVRQDOH GLQ FDX]D SDUWLFXODULW LORU ORU
- OD GLVFLSOLQHOH WHRORJLFH FDSDFLWDWHD GH D IRUPXOD XQ U VSXQV VFXUW VLQWHWLF
QHFHVDU vQ PXOWH VLWXD LL WUHEXLH DVRFLDW FX FDSDFLWDWHD GH D GH]YROWD XQ
GLVFXUV R VLWXD LH GH FRPXQLFDUH FRPSOH[ OLEHU FUHDWLY GUHSW SHQWUX FDUH
XWLOL]DUHD DFHVWXL WLS GH LWHPL WUHEXLH SRQGHUDW
Exemplul 1
Clasa: I
&RQ LQXW Catehism
Obiectiv: Elevul va fi capabil:
- V FXQRDVF LQIRUPD LL GH UHIHULQ
(QXQ : &RPSOHWHD] VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH FX LQIRUPD LD FRUHFW
a) &DUWHD vQ FDUH
J VLP &XYkQWXO OXL 'XPQH]HX VH QXPHúWH «««««« VDX
……………………………….

5 VSXQV FRUHFW %LEOLD VDX 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU
b)
&O GLUHD XQGH VH DGXQ FUHúWLQLL GXPLQLFD úL
GH V UE WRUL FD V VH URDJH VH
QXPHúWH ³&DVD OXL 'XPQH]HX´VDX«««««««

5 VSXQV FRUHFW %LVHULF
c) &HOH GRX SU L DOH %LEOLHL VH QXPHVF «««««««« úL «««««««««

5 VSXQV FRUHFW 9HFKLXO 7HVWDPHQW úL 1RXO 7HVWDPHQW
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a II-a
&RQ LQXW &DWHKLVP 1R LXQL GH /LWXUJLF
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQL UHOLJLRDVH
a) &HD PDL LPSRUWDQW VOXME D %LVHULFLL OVDW GH 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV OD &LQD FHD
GH 7DLQ VH QXPHúWH «««««««««

5 VSXQV FRUHFW 6IkQWD /LWXUJKLH
35
b) &RQYRUELUHD FRPXQLFDUHD RPXOXL FX 'XPQH]HX VH QXPHúWH ««««««

5 VSXQV FRUHFW UXJ FLXQH
c) 5HQXQ DUHD GH EXQ YRLH OD DQXPLWH
PkQF UXUL JkQGXUL úL IDSWH UHOH SHQWUX
FXU LUHD GH SFDWH

vQQRLUHD YLH LL úL WU LUHD GXS YRLD OXL 'XPQH]HX VH QXPHúWH
………………

5 VSXQV FRUHFW SRVW
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a III-a
&RQ LQXW &DWHKLVP 0RUDO FUHúWLQ
- V FXQRDVF WH[WXO ELEOLF
a) ³0HUJkQG vQY D L QHDPXULOH «««««««« vQ QXPHOH 7DWOXL úL DO )LXOXL úL DO
Sfântului Duh”. (Matei, 28,19)

5 VSXQV FRUHFW ³ERWH]kQGXOH´
b) ³/XD L PkQFD L DFHVWD HVWH ««««« « %H L GLQWUX DFHVWD WR L DFHVWD HVWH
««««« DO /HJLL FHOHL 1RL FDUH SHQWUX PXO L VH YDUV VSUH LHUWDUHD SFDWHOHRU´
(Matei, 26, 26-28)

5 VSXQV FRUHFW ³7UXSXO 0HX´ ³6kQJHOH 0HX´
c) ³$GX L DPLQWH GH ]LXD «««««« úL R FLQVWHúWH SH HD´ 3RUXQFD D ,9D

5 VSXQV FRUHFW ³'RPQXOXL´
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a IV-a
&RQ LQXW Vechiul Testament
- V UHFXQRDVF SURIH LL 9HFKLXOXL 7HVWDPHQW
a) “Evanghelistul Vechiului Testament” este numit profetul………………….

5 VSXQV FRUHFW ,VDLD
b) Profetul care a proorocit în Babilon a fost ……………….

5 VSXQV FRUHFW 'DQLHO
c) 3URIHWXO FDUH D GRYHGLW FDUH HVWH DGHY UDWXO 'XPQH]HX FHORU FH VH vQFKLQDX OXL
%DDO VH QXPHúWH «««««««

5 VSXQV FRUHFW ,OLH
36
Exemplul 5
Clasa: V - VIII
&RQ LQXW Istoria Bisericii Universale
Obiectiv (OHYXO V ILH FDSDELO
- V SODVH]H vQ WLPS úL VSD LX HYHQLPHQWH UHOLJLRDVH
a) Clasa a V-a
3HUVHFX LLOH vPSRWULYD FUHúWLQLORU vQFHS VXE vPS UDWXO 1HUR vQ DQXO «««

5 VSXQV FRUHFW
b) Clasa a VI-a
(GLFWXO GH WROHUDQ SHQWUX UHOLJLD FUHúWLQ D IRVW GDW GH vPSUDWXO &RQVWDQWLQ FHO
Mare la ……………… în anul ………….

5 VSXQV FRUHFW 0LODQ
c) Clasa a VII-a
6FKLVPD GH]ELQDUHD GLQWUH %LVHULFD 5 VULWXOXL úL %LVHULFD $SXVXOXL D DYXW ORF
în anul …………

5 VSXQV FRUHFW
d) Clasa a VIII-a
3URWHVWXO OXL /XWKHU vQ FDUH FRQGDPQD LQGXOJHQ HOH úL FULWLFD SDSDOLWDWHD

DOF WXLQG VXE IRUPD D GH WH]H D IRVW vQ DQXO ««««

5 VSXQV FRUHFW
Exemplul 6
Clasa: a X-a
Capitolul: 2UWRGR[LD úL FXOWXUD QD LRQDO
Obiectiv (OHYXO V ILH FDSDELO
- V LQGLFH DQXO DSDUL LHL
XQRU WLS ULWXUL GH UHIHULQ SHQWUX GH]YROWDUHD
limbii române.
³1RXO 7HVWDPHQW GH OD %OJUDG´ HVWH WLSULW vQ DQXO ««««« LDU´ %LEOLD GH OD
vQ DQXO «««««
%XFXUHúWL ³HVWH WLS ULW

5 VSXQV FRUHFW
37
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a XII-a
- V UHFXQRDVF RSHUH GH UHIHULQ D XQRU VFULLWRUL URPkQL SURPRWRUL DL
FUHGLQ HL FUHúWLQH
(QXQ : &RPSOHWHD]
VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH FX LQIRUPD LD FRUHFW
a) Opera “Nostalgia paradisului” DSDU LQH DXWRUXOXL «««««««««««´

b) 2SHUHOH ³-XUQDOXO IHULFLULL´ úL ³'UXLQG YHL GREkQGL´ DSDU LQ DXWRUXOXL «««««
c) 2SHUD ³+R XO GH PUJULWDUH´ SXV vQ VFHQ FD SLHVD GH WHDWUX DSDU LQH DXWRUXOXL
……………………….

5 VSXQV FRUHFW D 1LFKLIRU &UDLQLF
b) Nicolai Steinhardt
c) Valeriu Anania
ÌQWUHEULVWUXFWXUDWH
'HILQL LH
ÌQWUHE ULOH VWUXFWXUDWH VXQW LWHPL FH FRQ LQ PDL PXOWH VDUFLQL GH OXFUX FDUH

SXQ HOHYXO vQ VLWXD LD GH D FRQVWUXL U VSXQVXULOH úL GH D DOHJH PRGDOLW LOH
de formulare.
5HDOL]HD] WUHFHUHD GH OD LWHPLL RELHFWLYL úL VHPLRELHFWLYL OD LWHPLL OLEHUL
O vQWUHEDUH VWUXFWXUDW HVWH IRUPDW GLQWUXQ QXPU YDULDELO GH VHFYHQ H
VXEvQWUHEUL GH IRUPD LWHPLORU RELHFWLYL VHPLRELHFWLYL VDX HVHX VFXUW D
FURU VXFFHVLXQH úL FRHUHQ GHULY GLQWUXQ HOHPHQW FRPXQ LGHH IDSW
principiu, lege).
6FKHPD XQXL LWHP GH WLS vQWUHEDUH VWUXFWXUDW HVWH

* %HWKHOO GXS *KLG GH HYDOXDUH OD GLVFLSOLQHOH VRFLRXPDQH S

0DWHULDO 6WLPXO WH[W GDWH VWDWLVWLFH GLDJUDP JUDILF LPDJLQL HWF

6XEvQWUHE UL
Date suplimentare

6XEvQWUHE UL
Caracteristici (A. Stoica – coord.,2001, p. 111-112):

- SHUPLW WUDQVIRUPDUHD XQXL LWHP GH WLS HVHX vQWUR VXLW GH LWHPL RELHFWLYL VDX
VHPLRELHFWLYL DYkQG FD SULQFLSDO HIHFW FUHúWHUHD ILGHOLW LL vQ PDUFDUH

- VWUXFWXUDUHD vQWUHEULORU SHUPLWH HYDOXDUHD XQHL JDPH ODUJL GH FXQRúWLQ H
FDSDFLW L úL DELOLW L FX DFFHQW FUHVFXW SH QLYHOXULOH FRJQLWLYH VXSHULRDUH
38
- SHUPLW FRQVWUXLUHD SURJUHVLY D XQHL GLILFXOW L úL D FRPSOH[LW LL GRULWH
-
SHUPLW FUHDUHD XQXL QXP U GH VXEvQWUHE UL OHJDWH SULQWUR WHP FRPXQ FHHD
FH FRQGXFH OD R DERUGDUH SURIXQG D DFHOHL WHPH GLQ SHUVSHFWLYH GLIHULWH
- XWLOL]HD] PDWHULDOHVWLPXO DX[LOLDUH KU L JUDILFH GLDJUDPH HWF FHHD FH
GHWHUPLQ FUHúWHUHD JUDGXOXL GH DWUDFWLYLWDWH DO DFHVWXL WLS GH LWHPL GDU úL
SRVLELOLWDWHD HYDOXULL XQRU FDSDFLW L VSHFLILFH GLILFLO GH HYDOXDW vQ DOW FRQWH[W
- VWLPXOHD] DWkW GH]YROWDUHD FDSDFLW LORU FX XQ QLYHO PDL ULGLFDW GH FRPSOH[LWDWH
FkW úL RULJLQDOLWDWHD úL FUHDWLYLWDWHD FHOXL HYDOXDW
- PDWHULDOHOH DX[LOLDUH DYkQG FDOLWDWHD WHKQLF QHFHVDU VXQW UHODWLY GLILFLO GH
proiectat;
-
U VSXQVXO OD R VXEvQWUHEDUH GHSLQGH XQHRUL GH FHO RIHULW OD VXEvQWUHE UL
SUHFHGHQWH QHFHVLWkQG LQGLFD LL FODUH vQ VFKHPD GH PDUFDUH
- FRVWXULOH VXQW UHODWLY ULGLFDWH úL WLPSXO QHFHVDU SURLHFW ULL vQWUHEULORU VWUXFWXUDWH
este mai larg.
Reguli de proiectare (A. Stoica, coord. 1996):

- FRPSOH[LWDWHD vQWUHEULORU WUHEXLH V ILH VXFFHVLY PDL VLPSOH OD vQFHSXW úL PDL
dificile spre final);
- ILHFDUH VXEvQWUHEDUH WUHEXLH V VROLFLWH XQ UVSXQV SURSULX FDUH QX GHSLQGH GH
VXEvQWUHEDUHD SUHFHGHQW
-
VXEvQWUHE ULOH WUHEXLH V H[LVWH vQ FRQFRUGDQ FX PDWHULDOXO VDX VWLPXOXO
utilizat, pentru a fi un suport în rezolvarea sarcinilor;

- ILHFDUH VXEvQWUHEDUH WUHEXLH V WHVWH]H XQXO VDX PDL PXOWH RELHFWLYH
-
ILHFDUHLVXEvQWUHE UL WUHEXLH V L XUPH]H XQ VSD LX VXILFLHQW SHQWUX FRQVHPQDUHD

U VSXQVXOXL
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a V-a
8QLW L GH FRQ LQXW 3LOGD YDPHúXOXL úL D IDULVHXOXL VPHUHQLH úL PkQGULH

- V LGHQWLILFH FDUDFWHUXO PRUDO DO YDPHúXOXL úL DO IDULVHXOXL
- V DUJXPHQWH]H FDUH UXJFLXQH HVWH SULPLW GH 'XPQH]HX
(QXQ : &LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO GH PDL MRV
³'RL RDPHQL VDX VXLW OD WHPSOX FD V VH URDJH XQXO IDULVHX úL FHOODOW YDPHú
)DULVHXO VWkQG DúD VH UXJD vQ VLQH 'XPQH]HXOH Ì L PXO XPHVF F QX VXQW FD FHLODO L

RDPHQL U SLWRUL QHGUHS L DGXOWHUL VDX FD úL DFHVW YDPHú 3RVWHVF GH GRX RUL SH

V SW PkQ GDX ]HFLXLDO GLQ WRDWH FkWH FkúWLJ
,DU YDPHúXO GHSDUWH VWkQG QX YRLD QLFL RFKLL V úL ULGLFH FWUH FHU FLúL EWHD SLHSWXO
]LFkQG 'XPQH]HXOH ILL PLORVWLY PLH S FWRVXOXL
=LF YRX F DFHVWD VD FRERUkW PDL vQGUHSWDW OD FDVD VD GHFkW DFHOD )LLQGF RULFLQH VH
vQDO SH VLQH VH YD VPHUL LDU FHO FH VH VPHUHúWH SH VLQH VH YD vQ O D´
(Luca, 18, 10-14)

3RUQLQG GH OD DFHVW WH[W U VSXQGH L OD XUP WRDUHOH FHULQ H
1.
'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH ³SDUDERO ´ VDX ³SLOG ´
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
([SOLFD L WHUPHQLL ³YDPHú´ úL ³IDULVHX´
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
39
3.
0HQ LRQD L WU V WXULOH GH FDUDFWHU DOH YDPHúXOXL úL DOH IDULVHXOXL GLQ DFHDVW SLOG
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
&RQVWUXL L XQ DUJXPHQW vQ IDYRDUHD DILUPD LHL ³2ULFLQH VH vQDO SH VLQH VH YD PXUL

LDU FHO FH VH VPHUHúWH SH VLQH VH YD vQ O D´
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5VSXQV FRUHFW:
1. 3LOGD HVWH R FRPSDUD LH VDX XQ H[HPSOX GLQ YLD D FRWLGLDQ SULQ FDUH 0kQWXLWRUXO

,LVXV +ULVWRV vQ SURSRY GXLUHD vQY WXULORU 6DOH vL IFHD SH RDPHQL V vQ HOHDJ
vQY WXUD GHVSUH ÌPSU LD OXL 'XPQH]HX
2. ³9DPHú´ ± RDPHQL SXúL GH VWSkQLUHD URPDQ V VWUkQJ ELUXULOH úL LPSR]LWHOH FDUH
WUHEXLDX V OH SOWHDVF HYUHLL IXQF LD GH YDPHú HUD vQGHSOLQLW GH RDPHQLL GH MRV
SJkQL HYUHLL FH SULPHDX DFHDVW IXQF LH HUDX VFRúL GLQ UkQGXULOH FUHGLQFLRúLORU
HUDX GHVFRQVLGHUD L úL XUk L GH HYUHL
³)DULVHX´ ± VHPQLILFD LD QXPHOXL HVWH GH ³FHL VHSDUD L´ ³FHL DOHúL´ IDULVHLL HUDX R
JUXSDUH UHOLJLRDV D 1RXOXL 7HVWDPHQW SUHRFXSDW GH D FHUFHWD vQY D úL LQWHUSUHWD

Legea.
3.
9DPHúXO HUD VPHULW úL vúL I FHD UXJ FLXQHD FX XPLOLQ )DULVHXO HUD PkQGUX vúL

I FHD UXJ FLXQHD FX WUXILH úL FULWLFD SH FHLODO L RDPHQL FKLDU SH YDPHúXO GH DO WXUL
4. ÌQDLQWHD OXL 'XPQH]HX RDPHQLL FHL PDL VPHUL L úL XPLOL FKLDU GDF VXQW SFWRúL

J VHVF PDL PXOW DVFXOWDUH GHFkW FHL FH VH SUHWLQG GUHS L úL EXQL GDU FDUH VXQW
VWSkQL L GH PkQGULH úL GLVSUH ID GH VHPHQLL ORU
&HD PDL YLH SLOG GH VPHUHQLH D IRVW 0kQWXLWRUXO ÌQVXúL FDUH D SULPLW V YLH XLDVF
SULQWUH RDPHQL GH WRW IHOXO úL V ILH UVWLJQLW SHQWUX LHUWDUHD SFDWHORU ORU
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a VIII-a
8QLW L GH FRQ LQXW
9LQGHFDUHD VO E QRJXOXL GLQ &DSHUQDXP V QH UXJP SHQWUX
aproapele nostru
- V GHILQHDVF R QR LXQH
- V H[SOLFH WH[WXO ELEOLF
- V DUJXPHQWH]H F 'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV HVWH )LXO OXL 'XPQH]HX
³,QWUkQG vQ FRUDELH ,LVXV D WUHFXW úL D YHQLW vQ FRUDELD 6D ùL LDW ,DX DGXV XQ VOEQRJ

] FkQG SH SDW ùL ,LVXV Y ]kQG FUHGLQ D ORU D ]LV VOEQRJXOXL ÌQGU]QHúWH ILXOH

,HUWDWH VXQW S FDWHOH WDOH 'DU XQLL GLQWUH F UWXUDUL ]LFHDX vQ VLQH $FHVWH KXOHúWH ùL
,LVXV úWLLQG JkQGXULOH ORU OHD ]LV 3HQWUX FH FXJHWD L UHOH vQ LQLPLOH YRDVWUH" & FL FH
HVWH PDL OHVQH D ]LFH ,HUWDWH VXQW S FDWHOH WDOH VDX D ]LFH 6FRDOWH úL XPEO" 'DU
FD V úWL L F SXWHUH DUH )LXO 2PXOXL SH SPkQW D LHUWD SFDWHOH D ]LV VOEQRJXOXL

6FRDO WH LD L SDWXO úL PHUJL OD FDVD WD ùL VFXOkQGXVH VD GXV OD FDVD VD ,DU
PXO LPLOH Y]kQG DFHVWHD VDX

vQVS LPkQWDW úL
DX VO YLW SH 'RPQXO FHO FDUH G
oamenilor asemenea putere.” (Matei, 9, 1-9)

1. 'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH ³PLQXQH´
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
40
2. 3UHFL]D L GRX PRWLYH SHQWUX FDUH VOEQRJXO HVWH YLQGHFDW
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3.
([SOLFD L GH FH vQDLQWH GH YLQGHFDUH vL VSXQH ³ÌQGU ]QHúWH ILXOH ,HUWDWH VXQW

S FDWHOH WDOH”.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ”.
0RWLYD L SHQWUX FH SRUXQFHúWH PDL DSRL ³6FRDO WH LD L SDWXO úL PHUJL OD FDVD WD
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. 6FULH L XQ DUJXPHQW FH UHLHVH GLQ PLQXQH vQ IDYRDUHD DILUPD LHL ³'RPQXO ,LVXV
Hristos este Fiul lui Dumnezeu”.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5VSXQV FRUHFW:
1. 'HILQL LD FRUHFW
2. &UHGLQ D SULHWHQLORU FDUH ODX DGXV SH VO EQRJ vQ ID D OXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV FUHGLQ D

VO E QRJXOXL
3. ÌO vQFXUDMHD] FD SH XQ ³ILX´ FD SH XQXO FH HVWH ]LGLUH D OXL 'XPQH]HX VDX FD SH

unul care a crezXW 'HRDUHFH ERDOD HVWH XUPDUHD SFDWHORU úL PDL vQWkL vO GH]OHDJ
de acelea.
4.
$ SRUXQFLW V úL LD SDWXO FD V YDG FODU PLQXQHD SRSRUXO FDUH vO VRFRWHD SH (O
simplu om.
5.
'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV OH úWLH JkQGXULOH UHOH DOH F UWXUDULORU úL vO PXVWU SHQWUX SX LQ
FUHGLQ D ORU
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a X-a
Capitolul: 'RJPDWLF
8QLW L GH FRQ LQXW: Crearea omului
- V SUHFL]H]H FRUHFW VHQVXO XQRU QR LXQL
- V DUJXPHQWH]H GHRVHELUHD vQWUH ³FKLS ³VL´ DVHPQDUH´
- VD DUJXPHQWH]H SHUIHF LXQHD ³FKLSXOXL´ LQ VWDUHD SULPRUGLDO
- VD PHQ LRQH]H WH[WH DOH XQRU 6I 3DULQ L FDUH DX H[SOLFDW DFHVWH
QR LXQL
³ùL D ]LV 'XPQH]HX ³6 IDFHP RP GXS FKLSXO úL GXS DVHPQDUHD 1RDVWU FD V

VW SkQHDVF SHúWLL PULL SVULOH FHUXOXL DQLPDOHOH GRPHVWLFH WRDWH YLHW LOH FH VH
WkUVF SH SPkQW úL SH WRW SPkQWXO´ )DFHUH

1. ([SOLFD L IRORVLUHD OD SOXUDO D SURQXPHOXL SRVHVLY ³1RDVWU ´

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. 3UHFL]D L FDUH HVWH VHPQLILFD LD QR LXQLL ³FKLSXO´
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
41
3. 3UHFL]D L FDUH HVWH VHPQLILFD LD QR LXQLL ³DVHP QDUH´
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. $UJXPHQWD L GHRVHELUHD GLQWUH ³FKLSXO úL DVHP QDUHD OXL 'XPQH]HX vQ RP´

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. $UJXPHQWD L SHUIHF LXQHD FKLSXOXL OXL 'XPQH]HX vQ RP GLQ VWDUHD SULPRUGLDO VDX
SDUDGLVLDF
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. 0HQ LRQD L XQXO VDX GRX WH[WH GLQ 6ILQ LL 3ULQ L FDUH H[SOLF DFHVW YHUVHW
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5VSXQV FRUHFW:
1. 3OXUDUXO SURQXPHOXL SRVHVLY ³1RDVWU ´ DUDW SDUWLFLSDUHD 6ILQ LL 7UHLPL OD FUHDUHD
omului.
2. ³&KLSXO´ VH UHIHU
OD QDWXUD VSLULWXDO LQWHOHFWXDO úL PRUDO D RPXOXL UD LXQH
YRLQ VHQWLPHQW OLEHUWDWH úL vQFOLQD LD VSUH 'XPQH]HX

3.
³$VHP QDUHD´ VH UHIHU OD VFRSXO FWUH FDUH WLQGH RPXO vQ GH]YROWDUHD úL
SHUIHF LXQHD OXL PRUDO HVWH VWDUHD GH VILQ HQLH úL GUHSWDWH FkúWLJDW SULQ SUDFWLFD
YLUWX LL úL FX DMXWRUXO KDULF
4. 'HRVHELUHD GLQWUH ³FKLS´ úL ³DVHP QDUH´

SH 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU GXS
VH ED]HD]

FUHD LH WH[WXO VSXQH ³ùL D I FXW 'XPQH]HX SH RP GXS FKLSXO 6X GXS FKLSXO OXL
'XPQH]HX OD IFXW «´ )DFHUH IU V DGDXJH úL GXS ³DVHPQDUHD´
5. 5D LXQHD RPXOXL HUD OXPLQDW VQWRDV IU UWFLUH vQ VWDUHD SULPRUGLDO IDSW
UH]XOWDW GLQ vQFUHGLQ DUHD vQ VWSkQLUHD OXL D vQWUHJLL QDWXUL )DFHUH
6. D ³&XYLQWHOH GXS FKLS LQGLF UD LXQHD úL OLEHUWDWHD LDU FXYLQWHOH GXS DVHPQDUH
DUDW DVHPQDUHD FX 'XPQH]HX vQ YLUWXWH DWkW FkW HVWH SRVLELO´ 6I ,RDQ
Damaschin.
E ³6XQWHP GXS FKLS SULQ FUHD LH LDU GXS
DVHP QDUH DMXQJHP SULQ QRL vQúLQH
SULQ YRLQ D QRDVWU OLEHU « ÌQ FUHD LH DP SULPLW SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D GHYHQL
DVHPHQHD OXL 'XPQH]HX úL GkQGXQH DFHDVW SRVLELOLWDWH 'XPQH]HX QHD IFXW SH

QRL vQúLQH OXFU WRULL DVHP Q ULL QRDVWUH FX (O VSUH D QH GUXL UVSODW SHQWUX

DFWLYLWDWHD QRDVWU ´ 6I *ULJRDULH GH 1\VVD
42
&DSLWROXO,WHPLVXELHFWLYLFXUVSXQVGHVFKLV
4.1 Rezolvarea de probleme

4.2 Itemii de tip eseu
HOHYXOXL FUHDWLYLWDWH RULJLQDOLWDWH

'HILQL LH ,WHPLL VXELHFWLYL FX U VSXQV GHVFKLV VROLFLW
úL FDSDFLWDWHD GH D GD R QRW SHUVRQDO UVSXQVXOXL 6WUXFWXUD VDUFLQLL
RULHQWHD] SX LQ vQ HODERUDUHD UVSXQVXOXL VROLFLWDW HOHYXOXL 'HFL HOHYXO
GHFLGH VLQJXU FDUH VXQW HOHPHQWHOH SH FDUH OH YD LQFOXGH vQ U VSXQVXO VX
úL FDUH QX
Caracteristici (A. Stoica coord. 2001):

- VXQW QHFHVDUL vQ HYDOXDUHD UH]XOWDWHORU FRPSOH[H DOH vQY ULL DELOLW L GH WLS

DQDOL] DUJXPHQWDUH VLQWH] RUJDQL]DUH D GHPHUVXOXL VDX D GLVFXUVXOXL
-
HVWH SRVLELO D IL LQGXV vQWUXQ WHVW XQ QXP U UHODWLY PLF GH LWHPL VXELHFWLYL
WLPSXOXL OXQJ SHQWUX HODERUDUHD UVSXQVXULORU

GDWRULW
- FRUHFWDUHD úL QRWDUHD QX SUH]LQW XQ JUDG PDUH GH RELHFWLYLWDWH SHQWUX F H[LVW
YDULD LL vQWUH SXQFWDMHOH DFRUGDWH GH GLIHUL L FRUHFWRUL
- XQ VLQJXU HVHX QX HVWH VXILFLHQW SHQWUX VXV LQHUHD XQXL DUJXPHQW
- VXQW UHODWLY XúRU GH SURLHFWDW GDU PDL JUHX GH FRUHFWDW úL QRWDW GHFL LQIRUPD LLOH
RE LQXWH QX SRW IL XWLOL]DWH LPHGLDW vQ SURFHVXO HGXFD LRQDO
- VXQW DGHFYD L SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD DELOLW LORU GH H[SULPDUH vQ FDUH QX H[LVW OLPLW

GH VSD LX úL U VSXQVXO SRDWH IL IRUPXODW vQ PRGXO DOHV GH HOHY
- VXQW XWLOL]D L FkQG QH LQWHUHVHD] GHPHUVXO VXELHFWXOXL vQ HODERUDUHD XQXL

U VSXQV QX vQWRWGHDXQD FHO FRUHFW
Reguli de proiectare:
- vQWUHEDUHD IRUPXODW WUHEXLH V ILH DGHFYDW RELHFWLYXOXL GH HYDOXDUH YL]DW úL

SRSXOD LHL F UHLD VH DGUHVHD]
- HVWH SUHIHUDW XWLOL]DUHD LWHPLORU FDUH RIHU
R RULHQWDUH U VSXQVXOXL vQ WHUPHQL
DúWHSWD L
0RGDOLW L GH FRUHFWDUH úL QRWDUH:

0RGDOLW LOH GH FRUHFWDUH úL QRWDUH SRW vPEUFD GRX IRUPH SHQWUX vPEXQW LUHD IHHG
back-ului:
- analitic SXQFWDMHOH DFRUGDWH SHQWUX GLIHULWH HOHPHQWH GLVFUHWH DOH U VSXQVXOXL
DúWHSWDW
- holistic IRUPXODUHD XQHL MXGHF L JOREDOH DVXSUD UVSXQVXOXL DFRUGDW vQ

conformitate cu anumite criterii de evaluare sau prin simpla încadrare într-o
DQXPLW FDWHJRULH SULQ FRPSDUDUHD UVSXQVXULORU vQWUH HOH
'LQ FDWHJRULD LWHPLORU VXELHFWLYL FX U VSXQV GHVFKLV IDF SDUWH
a) Rezolvarea de probleme;
b) Itemii de tip eseu.
43
4.1 Rezolvarea de probleme
'HILQL LH
5H]ROYDUHD GH SUREOHPH VDX VLWXD LL SUREOHP LQGLYLGXDO VDX vQ JUXS
UHSUH]LQW XQ WLS GH VDUFLQ vQ FDGUXO FUHLD HOHYXO VH FRQIUXQW FX R VLWXD LH
QRX QHRELúQXLW úL R PRGDOLWDWH SULQ FDUH SURIHVRUXO SRDWH FUHD VLWXD LL GH
vQY DUH FH GH]YROW FUHDWLYLWDWHD JkQGLUHD LPDJLQD LD FDSDFLWDWHD GH
WUDQVIHU GH VLQWH] úL GH FRQFUHWL]DUH D LQIRUPD LLORU
2 DGHY UDW VLWXD LH SUREOHP

QX DUH VROX LH LPHGLDW I U D SDUFXUJH XQ QXP U GH

HWDSH GLQWUH FDUH PHQ LRQ P $ 6WRLFD FRRUG 3
- identificarea problemei;
- DQDOL]D úL VHOHFWDUHD GDWHORU UHOHYDQWH
- IRUPXODUHD XQRU LSRWH]H FDUH XUPHD] D IL HYDOXDWH úL HYHQWXDO YDOLGDWH

- identificarea metodei / procedurii de rezolvare;
- crearea unor modele;
- SURSXQHUHD XQHL VROX LL
- HYDOXDUHD VROX LHL RE LQXWH
- IRUPXODUHD FRQFOX]LHL LPSOLFkQG úL HYHQWXDOH FRQVLGHUD LL DVXSUD DFXUDWH HL
VROX LHL RE LQXWH VDX D SRVLELOHORU VXUVH GH HURUL
Parcurgerea tuturor acestor etape nu este obligatorie pentru toate sarcinile de tip
UH]ROYDUH GH SUREOHPH GDU UHSUH]LQW XQ SRWHQ LDO FH SRDWH IL XWLOL]DW GLIHULW
$FHDVW PHWRG GH HYDOXDUH QX VH IRORVHúWH FkQG SUHGP XQ DGHYU UHYHODW úL WUHEXLH
V LQ FRQW GH H[SHULHQ D GH OXFUX D HOHYLORU
Reguli de proiectare (A. Stoica, coord., p. 112, 2001):
- SUREOHPD VDX VLWXD LD SUREOHP WUHEXLH V ILH DGHFYDW YkUVWHL úL SUHJWLULL
elevilor;
- GHPHUVXO GLGDFWLF V FRUHOH]H FRQ LQXWXO SUREOHPHL úL PRGXULOH GH UH]ROYDUH FX
RUJDQL]DUHD DFWLYLW LL ± vQ JUXS VDX LQGLYLGXDO
- DFWLYLWDWHD V ILH vQ FRQFRUGDQ FX RELHFWLYHOH úL FRQ LQXWXULOH vQY ULL
- DFWLYLWDWHD V FRQ LQ FD VXSRUW UHVXUVH PDWHULDOH ELEOLRJUDILFH FDUH V VSULMLQH
VROX LRQDUHD VLWXD LHL SUREOHP
- HYDOXDUHD DFWLYLW LL V ILH UHOHYDQW SHQWUX HOHYL úL V SURGXF LQIRUPD LL XWLOH
pentru evaluator;
- utilizarea unor metode alternative de rezolvare;
- prezentarea în final a demersului didactic abordat pentru rezolvarea problemei.
Avantaje:
- GH]YROW FUHDWLYLWDWHD JkQGLUHD GLYHUJHQW LPDJLQD LD FDSDFLWDWHD GH VLQWH]
- GH]YROW DELOLW LOH GH FRPXQLFDUH úL PXQF vQ HFKLS
- FUHHD] LQGHSHQGHQ D vQ JkQGLUH VSLULWXO FULWLF UHIOH[LY
- GH]YROW FDSDFLWDWHD GH DXWRHYDOXDUH
- DMXW HOHYLL V DSUHFLH]H PHWRGD FHD PDL EXQ GH OXFUX
- GH]YROW FDSDFLWDWHD GH UD LRQDUH IOH[LELO úL RSHUDQW
Dezavantaje:
- VROLFLW XQ WLPS vQGHOXQJDW GH SURLHFWDUH
- H[LVW R DQXPLW VXELHFWLYLWDWH vQ HYDOXDUH
- QHFHVLW XQ WLPS vQGHOXQJDW vQ DGPLQLVWUDUH úL UH]ROYDUH
- QX SRDWH IL XWLOL]DW PHUHX
44
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a XII-a
&RQ LQXW 1RXO 7HVWDPHQW
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
- V LQWHUSUHWH]H GDWH IDFWXDOH GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD FXQRúWLQ HORU WHRUHWLFH
dobândite;
- V FRUHOH]H FXQRúWLQ HOH vQVXúLWH DQWHULRU vQ YHGHUHD FRQVWUXLULL XQXL

U VSXQV OD R VLWXD LH SUREOHP
(QXQ
ÌQ V SW PkQD 3DWLPLORU GXS FXYkQWDUHD LQXW vQ 7HPSOX GH 'RPQXO ,LVXV
+ULVWRV IDULVHLL ODX vQWUHEDW ³&X FH SXWHUH IDFL DFHVWHD" ùL FLQH LD GDW
SXWHUHD DFHDVWD"´ 'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV OH U VSXQGH SULQWUR vQWUHEDUH
“Botezul lui Ioan de unde a fost? Din cer sau de la oameni?”. (Mt. 21, 25)
&HULQ H
SUHFL]D L PRWLYXO vQWUHE ULL IDULVHLORU
-
SUHFL]D L PRWLYXO U VSXQVXOXL GDW GH ,LVXV
-
PRWLYD L U VSXQVXO OD vQWUHEDUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
- PRWLYDWL DWLWXGLQHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV ID GH UVSXQVXO IDULVHLORU

Schema de evaluare YD XUPUL XUPWRDUHOH UVSXQVXUL
- cine predica în Templu avea nevoie de aprobarea Sinedriului, iar fariseii voiau

V O SULQG SH ,LVXV vPSRWULYD /HJLL
- ca Fiu al lui Dumnezeu nu avea nevoie de aprobarea Sinedriului pentru a
SUHGLFD vQ 7HPSOX YRLD
V L DXG SH IDULVHL
P UWXULVLQG F HVWH )LXO OXL
Dumnezeu;
- IDULVHLL
U VSXQG ³QX úWLP´ SHQWUX F GDF DU IL UVSXQV ³GLQ FHU´ HL DU IL
UHFXQRVFXW SH ,LVXV FD ILLQG 0HVLD FHO P UWXULVLW GH ,RDQ úL GDF DU IL VSXV GH OD
RDPHQL DU IL QHJDW SH ,RDQ %RWH] WRUXO FD SURRURF DúD FXP HUD FRQVLGHUDW GH
popor;
- 'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV QX U VSXQGH FRQVLGHUkQG F QX WUHEXLH V UVSXQG FHORU
FDUH vQWUHDE
FX YLFOHúXJ GHúL DYHD U VSXQV GDU D VH O XGD SH VLQH QX HVWH
GXS +ULVWRV
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a IX-a
&RQ LQXW 1R LXQL GH OLWXUJLF 6ILQWHOH 6OXMEH DOH %LVHULFLL H[SUHVLD FRPXQLXQLL
FUHúWLQH
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:

- V GHRVHEHDVF PRWLYHOH SHQWUX FDUH RDPHQLL PHUJ VDX QX PHUJ OD
%LVHULF
- V IRUPXOH]H VROX LL SRVLELOH OD SUREOHPD DEVHQ HL OD %LVHULF
(QXQ $FWLYLWDWHD VH GHVI úRDU vQ WUHL HWDSH
- vQ SULPD HWDS
HOHYLL U VSXQG LQGLYLGXDO vQ VFULV OD XUP WRDUHOH GRX
vQWUHE UL
³&kQG PHUJ OD %LVHULF GH FH PHUJ"´
³&kQG QX PHUJ OD %LVHULF GH FH QX PHUJ"´
-
vQ D GRXD HWDS SURIHVRUXO IRUPHD] JUXSH GH FkWH HOHYL ILHFDUH JUXS

DYkQG XUP WRDUHOH VDUFLQL
a)
JUXSD L U VSXQVXULOH OD FHOH GRX vQWUHEUL FRQIRUP PRWLYXOXL vQ FDUH
VH vQFDGUHD] ILHFDUH
b) LGHQWLILFD L PRWLYXO GRPLQDQW
45
c) IRUPXOD L GRX VROX LL SRVLELOH SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD VXSRUWXOXL
PRWLYD LRQDO DGHFYDW úL FUHúWHUHD IUHFYHQ HL OD %LVHULF

-
vQ D WUHLD HWDS ILHFDUH JUXS vúL YD GHVHPQD XQ UDSRUWRU FDUH YD SUH]HQWD
PRGXO vQ FDUH VD UHDOL]DW DFWLYLWDWHD GH UH]ROYDUH D VDUFLQLL úL VROX LLOH
propuse.
$FWLYLWDWHD VH YD vQFKHLD FX R GLVFX LH IURQWDO DVXSUD VROX LLORU SURSXVH úL
SRVLELOLW LOH GH DSOLFDUH D ORU

Schema de evaluare YD LQH FRQW GH
- FRUHFWLWXGLQHD JUXSULL UVSXQVXULORU FRQIRUP PRWLYD LHL vQ FDUH VH vQFDGUHD]
fiecare;
- FRUHFWLWXGLQHD LGHQWLILFULL PRWLYXOXL GRPLQDQW
- FDUDFWHUXO DGHFYDW DO VROX LLORU SURSXVH

3URIHVRUXO YD DSUHFLD FDOLWDWHD FRPXQLF ULL úL FRQOXFU ULL vQ FDGUXO JUXSXOXL
capacitatea raportului de a prezenta obiectiv evenimentele petrecute în timpul

UH]ROY ULL VDUFLQLL vQ JUXS
4.2 Itemii de tip eseu

$(VHX FX U VSXQV UHVWUkQV
%(VHX FX U VSXQV VWUXFWXUDW

C.Eseu nestructurat(liber)
(VHXO HVWH XQ WLS GH LWHP vQ FDUH HOHYXO HVWH VROLFLWDW V FRQVWUXLDVF XQ UVSXQV OLEHU
FRQIRUP FHULQ HORU VDX FULWHULLORU IRUPXODWH
3HQWUX HYDOXDUHD DELOLW LORU úL FRPSHWHQ HORU FRPSOH[H vQ FD]XO UHOLJLHL VDX D XQRU
GLVFLSOLQH WHRORJLFH IRUPD GH HYDOXDUH LQGLFDW HVWH LWHPXO GH WLS VXELHFWLYHVHXO

,WHPXO GH WLS HVHX VROLFLW HOHYXOXL FRQVWUXLUHD XQXL UVSXQV OLEHU vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX XQ
VHW GH FHULQ H ILH FX R VXUV ELEOLF VDX SDWULVWLF )LGHOLWDWHD SXQFWULL FUHúWH FX FkW
FHULQ HOH VXQW PDL SUHFLV IRUPXODWH úL PDL GLUHFW LOXVWUDWH vQ VFKHPD GH QRWDUH
Obiective de evaluare:
- DELOLWDWHD GH D DFWXDOL]D RUJDQL]D úL VWUXFWXUD LGHLOH
- abilitatea de a se exprima (limbaj, stil personal) în scris;
- DELOLWDWHD GH D LQWHUSUHWD LQIRUPD LLOH úL GH D DSOLFD GDWHOH
Tipuri de eseuri:
a) GXS GLPHQVLXQLOH UVSXQVXOXL

1. HVHXO FX UVSXQV UHVWUkQV PLQLHVHXO vQ FDUH VH SUHFL]HD] GLPHQVLXQHD
UVSXQVXOXL DúWHSWDW FXYLQWH SDUDJUDIH UkQGXUL
2. HVHXO FX UVSXQV H[WLQV vQ FDUH QX VH SUHFL]HD] GLPHQVLXQHD UVSXQVXOXL

DúWHSWDW FL WLPSXO GH OXFUX
b) GXS WLSXO UVSXQVXOXL DúWHSWDW

1. eseul structurat sau semistructurat în care, prin sugestii, indicii formulate,

U VSXQVXO HOHYXOXL HVWH RUJDQL]DW VWUXFWXUDW RULHQWDW
2. eseul liber vQ FDUH QX VXQW FUHLRQDWH DúWHSW ULOH FL PL]DWH RULJLQDOLWDWHD
FUHDWLYLWDWHD LPDJLQD LD
Avantaje (A. Stoica, 1996):

- HYDOXHD] RULJLQDOLWDWHD FUHDWLYLWDWHD JkQGLUHD FULWLF IRU D
DUJXPHQW ULL
FRHUHQ D vQ JkQGLUH
- SURIHVRUXO RE LQH R LPDJLQH JOREDO DVXSUD FDSDFLW LL HOHYXOXL

- G OLEHUWDWHD GH JkQGLUH úL H[SULPDUH
- HVWH IRUPD FHD PDL SRSXODU ³SULQ WUDGL LH´ GH HYDOXDUH
46
- FUHD] LPDJLQHD UHDO D LQWHUDF LXQLL GLQWUH FRQ LQXWXULOH vQY ULL úL FXQRúWLQ HOH
úL DELOLW LOH HOHYXOXL
Dezavantaje:
- GLILFXOWDWHD FRQVWUXLULL XQHL VFKHPH GH QRWDUH FDUH V DVLJXUH ILGHOLWDWHD
- FRUHFWDUHD úL QRWDUHD FHU WLPS vQGHOXQJDW úL FRPXQLFDUHD QRWHL WUHEXLH vQVR LW GH R
ILú GH REVHUYD LL FD HOHYXO VúL FRUHFWH]H HYHQWXDOHOH JUHúHOL
A.
(VHX FX U VSXQV UHVWUkQV
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a VII-a
- V VLQWHWL]H]H vQY WXUL FUHúWLQH
(QXQ : “Predica de pe Munte” (Mt. cap. 5, 6, 7) a Mântuitorului Iisus Hristos este o
VLQWH] D vQY WXULL WUDQVPLV RDPHQLORU
$UJXPHQWD L vQ PD[LPXP GH UkQGXUL FDUDFWHUXO GH VLQWH] DO 3UHGLFLL
6FKHP GH QRWDUH YD XUPUL
- H[SOLFDUHD VXFFLQW JHQHUDO D IHULFLULORU
- H[SOLFDUHD LPSRUWDQ HL SRVWXOXL UXJFLXQLL úL PLORVWHQLHL
- XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW D OLPEDMXOXL úL D OLPLWHL GH VSD LX
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a VII-a
- V DUJXPHQWH]H UHDOLW L LVWRULFH FUHúWLQH
(QXQ :
6IkQWXO 9DVLOH FHO 0DUH D IRVW RFURWLWRUXO FHORU V UPDQL LDU DFWLYLWDWHD VD HVWH XQ
H[HPSOX SHQWUX QRL úL DVW ]L

3UH]LQW vQ FHO PXOW UkQGXUL WUHL DUJXPHQWH FDUH V GHPRQVWUH]H DFHVW
lucru.
6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUP UL

-
SUHFL]DUHD QXPHOXL DúH] PLQWHORU VRFLDOH ³9DVLOLDGH´
- HQXPHUDUHD úL GHVFULHUHD SH VFXUW D DFHVWRU DúH] PLQWH GH DVLVWHQ VRFLDO

- încadrarea în actualitate;
- DQDOL]DUHD FRQVHFLQ HORU vQWHPHLHULL ORU
- XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW D OLPEDMXOXL úL D OLPLWHL VSD LXOXL

Exemplul 3
Clasa: a VIII-a
Capitolul: Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
- V DUJXPHQWH]H UHDOLW L LVWRULFH
(QXQ : ÌQ WLPSXO UHJLPXOXL FRPXQLVW %LVHULFD 2UWRGR[ 5RPkQ D GHYHQLW R LQVWLWX LH
PDUJLQDOL]DW
&DUDFWHUL]D L vQWUR SDJLQ VLWXD LD %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH vQ SHULRDGD
regimului comunist.

- precizarea unor aspecte ale prigoanei antireligioase;
- HYLGHQ LHUHD UROXOXL SDWULDUKLORU -XVWLQLDQ 0DULQD úL ,XVWLQ 0RLVHVFX
- XWLOL]DUHD FRUHFW D OLPEDMXOXL

- UHVSHFWDUHD OLPLWHL GH VSD LX
47
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a VIII-a
Capitolul: $SRVWRODW úL VSLULWXDOLWDWH
- V GHVFULH vQ WHUPHQL UHOLJLRúL OLEHUWDWHD
(QXQ : Libertatea este un dar al lui Dumnezeu.
$UJXPHQWD L vQ FHO PXOW ]HFH UkQGXUL F OLEHUWDWHD HVWH XQ GDU GH OD 'XPQH]HX
- GHILQLUHD OLEHUW LL GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH PRUDOUHOLJLRV
- argumentarea cu texte biblice;
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a IX-a
Capitolul: 1R LXQL GH FDWHKLVP
- V LGHQWLILFH WHPHLXULOH SUHDFLQVWLWHL 0DLFLL 'RPQXOXL
(QXQ : 'HVSUH )HFLRDUD 0DULD 0DLFD 'RPQXOXL %LVHULFD P UWXULVHúWH vQ UXJFLXQH F
H ³PDL FLQVWLW GHFkW KHUXYLPLL úL PDL PULW IU GH DVHPQDUH GHFkW VHUDILPLL´
LDU FLQVWLUHD FH L VH DFRUG SRDUW QXPHOH GH VXSUDYHQHUDUH SUHDFLQVWLUH VDX
VXSUDFLQVWLUH VSUH GHRVHELUH GH FHD DFRUGDW VILQ LORU FDUH VH QXPHúWH
venerare.
3UH]HQWD L vQ PD[LPXP R SDJLQ WHPHLXULOH SUHDFLQVWLWHL 6ILQWHL )HFLRDUH 0DULD
- prezentarea textului Protoevangheliei (Fac, 3,15);
- SURIH LD OXL ,VDLD GHVSUH QDúWHUHD 0kQWXLWRUXOXL GLQ )HFLRDU
- FLQVWLUHD FDUH L VH DFRUG vQ GLIHULWH
vPSUHMXU UL GH SHUVRDQH GLIHULWH
DUKDQJKHOXO *DYULLO (OLVDEHWD PDPD OXL ,RDQ %RWH] WRUXO )LXO HL 0kQWXLWRUXO
Iisus Hristos;
-
P UWXULVLUHD GHVSUH VLQH
- VHPQLILFD LD QXPHOXL úL QXPH GDWH GH %LVHULF

- vQFDGUDUHD vQ OLPLWD GH VSD LX
- utilizarea limbajului de specialitate.
Exemplul 6
Clasa: a X-a
- V UHDOL]H]H FRQH[LXQLOH GLQWUH DQXPLWH RSHUH LVWRULFH
(QXQ : 6H
GDX XUP WRDUHOH RSHUH
1.
1RXO 7HVWDPHQW GH OD % OJUDG ±
2. %LEOLD GH OD %XFXUHúWL
([SOLFD L vQ PD[LPXP UkQGXUL LPSRUWDQ D

ILHF UHL RSHUH SHQWUX FXOWXUD
SRSRUXOXL URPkQ úL VWDELOL L UHOD LD GLQWUH HOH

- SUH]HQWDUHD SUREOHPHL XQLW LL QD LRQDOH
- prezentarea rolului în dezvoltarea limbii literare;
- utilizarea limbajului corect;
48
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a XI-a
Capitolul: 'RJPDWLF
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H vQVXVLULOH %LVHULFLL
(QXQ : ÌQ
VLPEROXO &UHGLQ HL P UWXULVLP SDWUX vQVXúLUL DOH %LVHULFLL
&DUDFWHUL]D L vQ GH UkQGXUL DFHVWH vQVXúLUL

- SUH]HQWDUHD VXFFLQW D
ILHF UHL vQVXúLUL XQLWDWHD VILQ HQLD VRERUQLFLWDWHD
(catolicitatea), apostolicitatea;
- VXV LQHUHD DUJXPHQWHORU FX WH[WH ELEOLFH

Exemplul 8
Clasa: a XII-a
Capitolul: 6SLULWXDOLWDWH úL PLVLXQH
- V GHFULH ORFDVXUL GH FXOW
(QXQ : &UHGLQ D SRSRUXOXL URPkQ VD PDQLIHVWDW vQ IDSWH FDUH SULQWUH DOWHOH D GXV úL OD
FRQVWUXLUHD PXOWRU P Q VWLUL

'HVFULH L SH VFXUW vQ PD[LPXP R SDJLQ PQVWLULOH GLQ MXGH XO 1HDP 3RW IL
DOWH MXGH H VDX UHJLXQL PDL PDUL SRDWH IL MXGH XO QDWDO VDX MXGH XO XQGH HOHYXO D

YL]LWDW PDL PXOWH P Q VWLUL

- vQFDGUDUHD ORU vQ HSRFD LVWRULF DQ FRQVWUXF LH GRPQLWRU VDX FWLWRU
- încadrarea lor în stilul arhitectural;
- rolul lor în dezvoltarea culturii române;
B.Eseu structurat
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a IX-a
- V SUH]LQWH GDWRULLOH RPXOXL
- V FRUHOH]H LGHLOH WHRUHWLFH FX SUDFWLFD
- V HYLGHQ LH]H SXQFWHOH WDUL úL SXQFWHOH VODEH GLQ UHVSHFWDUHD
SULQFLSLLORU GH YLD vQ FRPXQ

- V XWLOL]H]H XQ OLPEDM DGHFYDW
(QXQ : 5HDOL]D L XQ HVHX FX WHPD ³2DPHQLL ± vPSUHXQ FOWRUL SULQ YLD ´

ÌQ DOF WXLUHD HVHXOXL YH L XUP UL
- SUH]HQWDUHD GDWRULLORU RPXOXL ID GH 'XPQH]HX ID GH VLQH ID GH
semeni;
- DFFHQWXDUHD UHVSHFWXOXL UHFLSURF vQWUH SHUVRDQH UDVH QD LRQDOLW L VH[H úL
DSDUWHQHQ H UHOLJLRDVH
-
HYLGHQ LHUHD FRQVHFLQ HORU vQ UHVSHFWDUHD VDX QX D S FLL úL vQ HOHJHULL vQWUH
popoare.

6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUP UL RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH úL LQGLFD LLOH GLQ SODQXO GDW
49
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a X-a
Capitolul: 0RUDO
- V FRQVWUXLDVF SURSULXO GLVFXUV SH R WHP GDW
(QXQ : 3RUQLQG GH OD ³3UHGLFD GH SH 0XQWH´ 0DWHL FDS UHDOL]D L XQ HVHX FDUH
V HYLGHQ LH]H GHVYkUúLUHD /HJLL 1RL ID GH /HJHD 9HFKH

- prezentarea contextului general al Predicii;
- SR]L LD 0kQWXLWRUXOXL ID GH /HJHD 9HFKH
- explicarea “Fericirilor”;
- SUH]HQWDUH SDUDOHOHL GLQWUH /HJHD 9HFKH úL /HJHD 1RX
- SUH]HQWDUHD VFRSXOXL úL D PRGXOXL GH D V YkUúL PLORVWHQLD UXJFLXQHD úL
postul;
- descrierea drumului spre mântuire.

6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUP UL RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH úL LQGLFD LLOH GLQ SODQXO GDW
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a XI-a
Capitolul: 'RJPDWLF
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQL WHRORJLFH
- V DUJXPHQWH]H FX WH[WH ELEOLFH DILUPD LLOH IFXWH
- V VWDELOHDVF R UHOD LH vQWUH GRX QR LXQL
- V XWLOL]H]H XQ OLPEDM WHRORJLF
(QXQ : 5HDOL]D L XQ HVHX GHVSUH PkQWXLUHD VXELHFWLY VWDELOLQG úL WLWOXO SRWULYLW

- H[SOLFDUHD QR LXQLL GH ³PkQWXLUH´ ³PkQWXLUH VXELHFWLY ´ úL ³PkQWXLUH

RELHFWLY ´
- GHVFULHUHD FRQGLWLLORU PkQWXLULL VXELHFWLYH KDU FUHGLQ úL IDSWH EXQH

- argumentarea cu texte biblice;
- SUH]HQWDUHD UDSRUWXOXL GLQWUH ³PkQWXLUHD VXELHFWLY ´ úL ³PkQWXLUHD

RELHFWLY ´
6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUPUL RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH úL LQGLFD LLOH GLQ SODQXO GDW
C.Eseu liber / nestructurat
Exemplul 1
Clasa: a XII-a
- V FRUHOH]H LXELUHD OXL 'XPQH]HX FX LXELUHD GH VHPHQL
- V HYLGHQ LH]H VXSHULRULWDWHD /HJLL LXELULL
- V H[HPSOLILFH PRGXO GH PDQLIHVWDUH DO LXELULL OXL 'XPQH]HX
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H LXELUHD GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH FUHúWLQ
V VXV LQ DILUPD LLOH FX WH[WH ELEOLFH

- V XWLOL]H]H DGHFYDW OLPEDMXO WHRORJLF
(QXQ : (ODERUD L XQ HVHX FX WHPD ³'XPQH]HX HVWH LXELUH´

6FKHPD GH QRWDUH YD XUP UL RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH SURSXVH
50
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a XI-a
- V GHVFULH UROXO RPHQLULL vQ RFURWLUHD SODQWHORU DQLPDOHORU DSHORU D
întregii naturi;
- V HYDOXH]H FRQVHFLQ HOH XQXL GH]HFKLOLEUX HFRORJLF
- V IRUPXOH]H XQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO vQ OHJWXU FX DFHDVW
SUREOHP
- V VXV LQ SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH FX H[HPSOH GLQ YLD D FRWLGLDQ
- V YDORULILFH vQ WHUPHQL SHUVRQDOL FXQRúWLQ HOH
- V FRQVWUXLDVF XQ GLVFXUV FRHUHQW FRQYLQJWRU
(QXQ : (ODERUD L XQ HVHX OLEHU vQ FDUH V SUH]HQWD L UROXO FUHúWLQLVPXOXL vQ RFURWLUHD
OXPLL FUHDWH GH 'XPQH]HX VWDELOLQG úL XQ WLWOX UHSUH]HQWDWLY

Exemplul 3
Clasa: a XII-a
- V GHVFULH SULQFLSDOHOH YDORUL FUHúWLQH FUHGLQ D
Q GHMGHD GUHSWDWHD
libertatea, pacea;
- V SUH]LQWH SULQFLSDOHOH SUREOHPH FX FDUH VH FRQIUXQW RPHQLUHD
YLROHQ GURJXUL VXLFLG HXWDQDVLH GHJUDGDUHD GHPQLW LL XPDQH

- V VXJHUH]H VROX LL SHQWUX UH]ROYDUHD ORU
- V PHQ LRQH]H PRGXO vQ FDUH SXQ vQ SUDFWLF VROX LLOH SURSXVH vQ
FRPXQLWDWHD vQ FDUH WULHVF
- V YDORULILFH vQ WHUPHQL SHUVRQDOL FXQRúWLQ HOH

- V SUH]LQWH XQ GLVFXUV FODU FRQYLQJWRU
(QXQ : (ODERUD L XQ HVHX OLEHU vQ FDUH V HYLGHQ LD L UROXO WLQHUHWXOXL vQ SURPRYDUHD
YDORULORU FUHúWLQH úL vQ DSUDUHD YLH LLVWDELOLQG XQ WLWOX UHSUH]HQWDWLY

Exemplul 4
Clasa: a XI-a
- V H[SOLFH QR LXQHD GH ³DVHPQDUH´ FX 'XPQH]HX
- V GHVFULH UVSXQVXO RPXOXL OD FKHPDUHD OXL 'XPQH]HX F WUH

DVHP QDUH SULQ SUDFWLFDUHD YLUWX LL úL FX DMXWRUXO KDULF
- HYLGHQ LH]H PLMORDFHOH GH FRPXQLFDUH FX 'XPQH]HX SULQ %LVHULF

V
- SUHFL]H]H ILQDOLWDWHD HIRUWXOXL GHSXV GH RP SHQWUX D DMXQJH OD

V
DVHPQDUHD FX 'XPQH]HX VILQ HQLH FRPXQLXQH vQGXPQH]HLUH
- V VXV LQ DILUPD LLOH SULQ H[HPSOH ELEOLFH úL SDWULVWLFH

- V XWLOL]H]H XQ OLPEDM WHRORJLF
(QXQ : (ODERUD L XQ HVHX OLEHU vQ FDUH V SUH]HQWD L DVHPQDUHD FX 'XPQH]HX
stabilind un titlu potrivit.

51
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a IX-a
- V vQFDGUH]H WH[WXO vQWUH SURIH LLOH PHVLDQLFH GHVSUH YHQLUHD
Mântuitorului;
- V SUH]LQWH HYHQLPHQWHOH FDUH DX SUHJWLW OXPHD SHQWUX YHQLUHD
Mântuitorului;
- V GHPRQVWUH]H F SURIHWLLOH 9HFKLXOXL 7HVWDPHQW VDX vPSOLQLW vQ
1RXO 7HVWDPHQW ³YDVXO DOHV´ SHQWUX QDúWHUHD 'RPQXOXL )HFLRDUD
0DULD QDúWHUHD )HFLRDUHL 0DULD FRSLO ULD )HFLRDUHL 0DULD %XQD
9HVWLUH 1DúWHUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
- V VXV LQ DILUPD LLOH FX WH[WH ELEOLFH

- V XWLOL]H]H OLPEDM WHRORJLF
(QXQ : (ODERUD L XQ HVHX OLEHU SRUQLQG GH OD WH[WXO ELEOLF ³,DW )HFLRDUD YD OXD vQ
SkQWHFH úL YD QDúWH ILX úL YRU FKHPD QXPHOH OXL (PDQXHO´ ,VDLD

52
Capitolul 5 - Metode complementare de evaluare
5.1 2EVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL úL D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU

5.2 ,QYHVWLJD LD
5.3 Proiectul
5.4 Referatul
5.5 Portofoliul
5.6 Autoevaluarea

$O WXUL GH PHWRGHOH WUDGL LRQDOH GH HYDOXDUH SUREHOH RUDOH VFULVH úL SUDFWLFH FHO PDL
GHV XWLOL]DWH vQ SURFHVXO GLGDFWLF VXQW úL PHWRGH FRPSOHPHQWDUH GH HYDOXDUH VWUDWHJLL
PRGHUQH GH HYDOXDUH FDUH FDXW V DFFHQWXH]H GLPHQVLXQHD DF LXQLL HYDOXDWLYH

Metodele complementare de evaluare sunt o categorie de metode de evaluare mai

DOHV SHQWUX P VXUDUHD DFHORU RELHFWLYH PDL JUHX FXDQWLILFDELOH SULQ PHWRGHOH FODVLFH GH
HYDOXDUH FX XQ URO IRUPDWLY SURQXQ DW
Principalele metode complementare de evaluare sunt:

- REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL úL D FRPSDUWLPHQWXOXL HOHYLORU
- LQYHVWLJD LD
- proiectul;
- referatul;
- portofoliul;
- autoevaluarea.
Metodele utilizate de profesor sunt: REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL úL
comportamentului elevilor, LQYHVWLJD LD SURLHFWXO UHIHUDWXO úL SRUWRIROLXO
3URIHVRUXO YL]HD] XUPWRDUHOH RELHFWLYH , 1HDFúX $ 6WRLFD S
- SURPRYHD] HYDOXDUHD KROLVWLF D SURJUHVXOXL HOHYXOXL
- LGHQWLILF UHXúLWHOH úL HURULOH HOHYXOXL
- IXUQL]HD] WHKQLFLOH GH OXFUX UHVXUVHOH PDWHULDOH úL UHVXUVHOH ELEOLRJUDILFH
necesare elevilor;
- FRQVROLGHD] DELOLWDWHD GH DXWRHYDOXDUH
- DFRUG XQ QRX VWDWXW HURULORU HOHYLORU
Autoevaluarea HVWH PHWRGD FRPSOHPHQWDU SULQ FDUH HOHYXO FRQWULEXLH OD SURSULD
formare. Obiectivele elevului sunt:

- FRQúWLHQWL]HD] VFRSXO UHDOL]ULL VDUFLQLL GH OXFUX
- vQ HOHJH FULWHULLOH UHDOL]ULL VDUFLQLL
- JVHúWH PHWRGHOH GH UH]ROYDUH D VDUFLQLL
- XWLOL]HD] PLMORDFHOH SXVH OD GLVSR]L LD VD
2EVHUYDUHDVLVWHPDWLFDDFWLYLW LLúLDFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXLHOHYLORU
(VWH R WHKQLF GH HYDOXDUH FDUH IXUQL]HD] SURIHVRUXOXL R VHULH GH LQIRUPD LL XWLOH
GLYHUVH úL FRPSOHWH JUHX GH RE LQXW DOWIHO SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO PHWRGHORU GH HYDOXDUH
WUDGL LRQDOH
2EVHUYD LD FRQVW vQ LQYHVWLJDUHD VLVWHPDWLF SH ED]D XQXL SODQ GLQDLQWH HODERUDW úL FX

DMXWRUXO XQRU LQVWUXPHQWH DGHFYDWH D DF LXQLORU úL LQWHUDF LXQLORU D HYHQLPHQWHORU D
UHOD LLORU úL D SURFHVHORU GLQWUXQ FkPS VRFLDO GDW $ 6WRLFD FRRUG S
3HQWUX D vQUHJLVWUD LQIRUPD LL UHOHYDQWHDVXSUD DFWLYLW LL HOHYLORU SURIHVRUXO DUH OD
GLVSR]L LH vQ PRG SUDFWLF WUHL PRGDOLW L $ 6WRLFD FRRUG S

ILVD GH HYDOXDUH FDOLWDWLY
- scara de clasificare;
- lista de control / verificare.
53
$)LúD GH HYDOXDUH HVWH FRPSOHWDW GH SURIHVRU FDUH vQUHJLVWUHD] GDWH IDFWXDOH
despre evenimentele cele mai importante identificate în comportamentul sau în modul

GH DF LXQH DO HOHYLORU V L IDSWH UHPDUFDELOH SUREOHPH FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH HYLGHQ LHUHD
XQRU DSWLWXGLQL GHRVHELWH vQWUXQ GRPHQLX VDX DOWXO HWF /D DFHVWHD VH DGDXJ

LQWHUSUHW ULOH SURIHVRUXOXL
0RGHO RULHQWDWLY *KLG GH HYDOXDUH ± VRFLRXPDQH GXS 1 *URQOXQG S

1. Date generale despre elev QXPHOH úL SUHQXPHOH YkUVWD FOLPDWXO HGXFDWLY vQ

PHGLXO F UXLD vL DSDU LQH
2. 3DUWLFXODULW L DOH SURFHVHORU LQWHOHFWXDOH JkQGLUH LPDJLQD LH OLPEDM PHPRULH
DWHQ LH VSLULW GH REVHUYD LH DOWH FDUDFWHULVWLFL
3. $SWLWXGLQL úL LQWHUHVH
4. 7UVWXUL GH DIHFWLYLWDWH
5. 7UVWXUL GH WHPSHUDPHQW
6. Atitudini:
a) ID GH VLQH ««««««««««««««««««««««««
b) ID GH GLVFLSOLQ REOLJD LLOH úFRODUH «««««««««««««
c) ID GH FROHJL «««««««««««««««««««««««
7. (YROX LD DSWLWXGLQLORU DWLWXGLQLORU LQWHUHVHORU úL QLYHOXOXL GH LQWHJUDUH:
Avantaje:
- FRPSOHWDUHD DFHVWRU ILúH QX GHSLQGH GH FDSDFLWDWHD GH FRPXQLFDUH GLQWUH
HOHY úL SURIHVRU GHRDUHFH DFHVWD GLQ XUP vQUHJLVWUHD] úL LQWHUSUHWHD]

FRPSRUWDPHQWXO úL SHUIRUPDQ HOH HOHYXOXL
Dezavantaje
- consum mare de timp;
- RELHFWLYLWDWH VF]XW
B.Scara de clasificare se constituie dintr-un set de caracteristici (comportamente)

FH WUHEXLH VXSXVH HYDOX ULL vQVR LW GH XQ DQXPLW WLS GH VFDU Likert SRWULYLW FUHLD

HOHYXOXL vL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH XQ QXP U GH HQXQ XUL vQ UDSRUW GH FDUH DFHVWD WUHEXLH V úL
manifeste acordul sau dezacordul, discriminând între 5 trepte: puternic acord, acord,
indecis (neutru), dezacord, puternic dezacord ( A. Stoica, coord., p. 54, 2001).
Exemplu:
1.
3DUWLFLS FX SO FHUH OD DFWLYLW LOH RUJDQL]DWH SH JUXSXUL GH OXFUX
2.
ÌPL SODFH FD S UHULOH SH FDUH OH H[SULP V ILH vQWRWGHDXQD UHVSHFWDWH GH FHLODO L

6XJHVWLL SHQWUX FRQVWUXLUHD VF ULL /LNHUW
- HQXQ XULOH V DLE R FRQVWUXF LH VLPSO OLPEDM IDPLOLDU HOHYXOXL

- HQXQ XULOH V ILH FODU SR]LWLYH VDX FODU QHJDWLYH
- HQXQ XULOH SR]LWLYH úL HQXQ XULOH QHJDWLYH V ILH DSUR[LPDWLY HJDOH vQ OLVWD ILQDO
- ILHFDUH DQXQ WUHEXLH V SURGXF LQIRUPD LD QHFHVDU V IDF UHIHULUH FODU OD
DWLWXGLQHD VDX RSLQLD GHVSUH FDUH GRULP V DIOP LQIRUPD LL
54
C.Lista de control / verificare FRQVWDW SUH]HQ D sau DEVHQ D XQHL FDUDFWHULVWLFL
FRPSRUWDPHQW HWF I U D HPLWH R MXGHFDW GH YDORDUH ( A. Stoica, coord., p. 54,

2001).
Exemplu:
$WLWXGLQHD ID GH VDUFLQD GH OXFUX D HOHYXOXL Da Nu

$ XUPDW LQVWUXF LXQLOH VSHFLILFH DFWLYLW LL
A cerut ajutor când a avut nevoie.
$ FRODERUDW FX FHLODO L FROHJL

$ vPS U LW PDWHULDOHOH FX FHLODO L
A finalizat activitatea.
$ SXV PDWHULDOHOH OD ORFXO ORU GXS XWLOL]DUH
$FHDVW PHWRG VH IRORVHúWH vQ JHQHUDO vQ FD]XO HOHYLORU FX SUREOHPH
,QYHVWLJD LD
2IHU SRVLELOLWDWH HOHYXOXL V DSOLFH vQ PRG FUHDWLY FXQRúWLQ HOH vQVXúLWH vQ VLWXD LL QRL úL
variate pe parcursul unei ore sau a unei succesiuni de ore de curs.
(OHYLL SULPHVF R VDUFLQ
GH OXFUX SUHFLV vQ HOHJ LQVWUXF LXQLOH DFHVWHLD vQDLQWH GH
UH]ROYDUHD SURSULX]LV

3ULQ UHDOL]DUHD XQHL LQYHVWLJD LL SRW IL XUP ULWH FD HOHPHQWH HVHQ LDOH $ 6WRLFD FRRUG
p. 55, 2001):
- vQ HOHJHUHD úL FODVLILFDUHD VDUFLQLL GH OXFUX
- LGHQWLILFDUHD SURFHGXULORU SHQWUX RE LQHUHD LQIRUPD LLORU QHFHVDUH
- FROHFWDUHD úL RUJDQL]DUHD GDWHORU VDX LQIRUPD LLORU QHFHVDUH
- IRUPXODUHD úL WHVWDUHD XQRU LSRVWD]H GH OXFUX
- VFKLPEDUHD SODQXOXL GH OXFUX VDX D PHWRGRORJLHL GH FROHFWDUH D GDWHORU GDF
este necesar;
- FROHFWDUHD DOWRU GDWH GDF HVWH QHFHVDU
- PRWLYDUHD DSWLWXGLQLL SHQWUX DQXPLWH PHWRGH IRORVLWH vQ LQYHVWLJD LH
- SUH]HQWDUHD XQXL VFXUW UDSRUW SULYLQG UH]XOWDWHOH LQYHVWLJD LHL
1. 'HPHUVXO LQYHVWLJD LHL VH FRQVWLWXLH vQ WUHL HWDSH FDUH WUHEXLH SDUFXUVH $ 6WRLFD
coord., p. 56, 2001):

1. definirea problemei;
2. alegerea metodei / metodologiei adecvate;
3. LGHQWLILFDUHD VROX LLORU
1. Definirea problemei SRDWH IL IFXW

a) GLUHF LRQkQG FODU DFWLYLWDWHD HOHYXOXL VWUXFWXUkQG ELQH GHPHUVXO SURSXV
YDULDELOHOH VXQW VSHFLILFDWH úL RSHUD LRQDOL]DWH
SAU
b) accentuând dimensiunea de explorare; variabilele nu sunt specificate, ci numai
GRPHQLXO GH LQYHVWLJD LH
2. Alegerea metodei / metodologiei adecvate SRDWH IL UHDOL]DW

a) GH SURIHVRU FDUH DUDW HOHYLORU FH V IDF VDX IXUQL]HD] WRDWH LQIRUPD LLOH
necesare legate de instrumente etc.

SAU
b) GH XQ HOHY FDUH DUH OLEHUWDWHD WRWDO GH D DOHJH PHWRGHOH FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH
GHPHUVXOXL LQL LDW
55
3. ,GHQWLILFDUHD VROX LLORU poate presupune formularea:
a) XQHL VLQJXUH VROX LL DFFHSWDELOH
SAU
b) PDL PXOWRU VROX LL DFFHSWDELOH
6DUFLQLOH GH OXFUX SRW YDULD GH OD VLPSOX OD FRPSOH[ GXS FXP XUPHD]

- VLPSOD GHVFULHUH D FDUDFWHULVWLFLORU XQRU RELHFWH OXFUXUL GLQ YLD D FRWLGLDQ VDX
IHQRPHQH REVHUYDWH úL FRPXQLFDUHD REVHUYD LLORU SULQ GHVHQ JUDILF WDEHOH

VDX K U L
- XWLOL]DUHD XQRU HFKLSDPHQWH VLPSOH SHQWUX D IDFH REVHUYD LL WHVWH
- LGHQWLILFDUHD IDFWRULORU LPSOLFD L vQ FRQWH[WXO VXSXV REVHUYD LHL
$FWLYLWDWHD GLGDFWLF SRDWH IL RUJDQL]DW individual sau pe grupuri GH OXFUX úL WUHEXLH

V LQ FRQW GH
- QDWXUD LQYHVWLJD LHL VFRSXO SH FDUH úLO SURSXQH
- LQWHJUDUHD LQYHVWLJD LHL FD SDUWH FRPSRQHQW D OHF LHL VDX FD DFWLYLWDWH vQ VLQH
- PRGXO vQ FDUH HOHYLL VXQW RELúQXL L V OXFUH]H vQ FODV
$SUHFLHUHD PRGXOXL GH UHDOL]DUH D LQYHVWLJD LHL HVWH GH RELFHL XQ WLS KROLVWLF &ULWHULLOH

SHQWUX DSUHFLHUHD ILHF UHL HWDSH WUHEXLH SUHFL]DWH úL FXQRVFXWH GH HOHYL GH OD vQFHSXWXO
DFWLYLW LL (OHPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH vQ HYDOXDUHD LQYHVWLJD LHL

- strategia de rezolvare;
- DSOLFDUHD FXQRúWLQ HORU SULQFLSLLORU UHJXOLORU
-
DFXUDWH HD vQUHJLVWU ULL úL SUHOXFU ULL GDWHORU
-
FODULWDWHD DUJXPHQW ULL úL IRUPD SUH]HQW ULL
- produsele realizate;
- DWLWXGLQHD HOHYLORU vQ ID D FHULQ HORU
- dezvoltarea unor deprinderi de lucru în grup / individual.
,QYHVWLJD LD SRDWH HYLGHQ LD XUP WRDUHOH FDOLW L SHUVRQDOH DOH HOHYXOXL $ 6WRLFD
coord., p. 58, 2001):

:
- FUHDWLYLWDWHD úL LQL LDWLYD
- FRRSHUDUHD úL SDUWLFLSDUHD OD OXFUXO vQ HFKLS
- SUHOXDUHD FRQGXFHULL LQL LDWLYHL vQ FDGUXO JUXSXOXL
- FRQVWDQWD úL FRQFHQWUDUHD DWHQ LHL
- SHUVHYHUHQ D
- IOH[LELOLWDWHD JkQGLULL úL GHVFKLGHUHD FWUH QRL LGHL
5.3 Proiectul
(VWH R PHWRG FRPSOH[ GH HYDOXDUH UHFRPDQGDW SHQWUX

HYDOX ULOH VXPDWLYH
GHRDUHFH QHFHVLW XQ GHPHUV HYDOXDWLY DPSOX 6DUFLQLOH GH OXFUX VXQW GDWH vQ FODV
XQGH SRDWH vQFHSH úL UH]ROYDUHD GDU VH FRQWLQX SH SDUFXUVXO D FkWRUYD ]LOH VDX FKLDU

V SW PkQL (OHYXO SRDWH FRQVXOWD SURIHVRUXO vQ DFHVW LQWHUYDO GDU UDSRUWXO ILQDO HVWH
SUH]HQWDW vQ FODV vQ ID D FROHJLORU

Etapele proiectului:
- colectarea datelor;
- realizarea produsului.
$FWLYLWDWHD GLGDFWLF SRDWH IL RUJDQL]DW LQGLYLGXDO VDX SH JUXSH GH OXFUX

3DúLL FHL PDL LPSRUWDQ L FH WUHEXLH XUPD L vQ UHDOL]DUHD XQXL SURLHFW
sunt(A.Stoica,coord.,p.60,2001):
56
- stabilirea domeniului de interes;
- VWDELOLUHD SUHPLVHORU LQL LDOH ± FDGUX FRQFHSWXDO PHWRGROJLF GDWHOH JHQHUDOH DOH
LQYHVWLJD LHL DQFKHWHL
- LGHQWLILFDUHD úL VHOHFWDUHD UHVXUVHORU PDWHULDOH
- SUHFL]DUHD HOHPHQWHORU GH FRQ LQXW DOH SURLHFWXOXL
2. (OHPHQWHOH GH FRQ LQXW DOH SURLHFWXOXL

a) pagina de titlu WHPD DXWRUXO úFRDOD SHULRDGD HODERUULL
b) cuprinsul WLWOXULOH FDSLWROHORU úL VXE FDSLWROHORU
c) introducerea SUH]HQWDUHD FDGUXOXL FRQFHSWXDO úL PHWRGRORJLF FUXLD L VH
circumscriu studiul temei propuse)
d) GH]YROWDUHD HOHPHQWHORU GH FRQ LQXW
e) concluziile HOHPHQWH GH UHIHULQ GHVSULQVH vQ XUPD VWXGLXOXL SURSXQHUL
ameliorative)
f) bibliografia
g) anexe JUDILFH WDEHOH FKHVWLRQDUH ILúH GH REVHUYD LL
Criterii de evaluare a proiectului:

a) &ULWHULL FDUH YL]HD] FDOLWDWHD SURLHFWXOXL (calitatea produsului):
1. validitatea proiectului;
2. completitudinea proiectului;
3. HODERUDUHD úL VWUXFWXUDUHD SURLHFWXOXL
4. calitatea materialului utilizat;
5. creativitatea.
b) &ULWHULL FDUH YL]HD] FDOLWDWHD DFWLYLW LL HOHYXOXL (calitatea procesului):

1. reportarea la tema proiectului;
2. performarea sarcinilor;
3. documentarea;
4. QLYHOXO GH HODERUDUH úL FRPXQLFDUH
5. JUHúHOLOH
6. creativitatea;
7. calitatea rezultatelor.
6WUDWHJLD GH HYDOXDUH D SURLHFWXOXL HVWH XQD GH WLS KROLVWLF GDU WUHEXLH V ILH FODU GHILQLW
prin criterii negociate sau nu cu elevii pentru a valoriza efortul elevului.
5.4 Referatul
3HUPLWH R DSUHFLHUH QXDQ DW D vQY ULL úL LGHQWLILFDUHD XQRU HOHPHQWH GH SHUIRUPDQ

LQGLYLGXDO D HOHYXOXL FDUH vúL DX RULJLQHD vQ PRWLYD LD OXL SHQWUX DFWLYLWDWHD GHVIúXUDW
, 1HDFúX $ 6WRLFD S
([LVW GRX WLSXUL GH UHIHUDWH

1. UHIHUDW GH LQYHVWLJD LH úWLLQ LILF LQGHSHQGHQW – bazat pe descrierea
GHPHUVXOXL XQHL DFWLYLW L GHVIúXUDWH vQ FODV úL SH DQDOL]D UH]XOWDWHORU RE LQXWH
2. referat bibliografic ± ED]DW SH LQIRUPDUH GRFXPHQWDU ELRJUDILF
Caracteristicile referatului:
- FDUDFWHU IRUPDWLY úL FUHDWLY
- vQJOREHD] DULL vQWLQVH GH FRQ LQXW
- DERUGHD] GRPHQLL QRL FH FRQVWLWXLH H[WLQGHUL DOH FRQ LQXWXOXL
- UHDOL]HD] FRQH[LXQL LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUH
- caracter sumativ.
57
Sugestii pentru proiectare:
- HODERUDUHD SODQXOXL úL LGHQWLILFDUHD ELEOLRJUDILHL
- respectarea planului dat de profesor;
- documentarea;
- redactarea referatului;
- prelucrarea datelor;
- prezentarea referatului.
5.5 Portofoliul
(VWH R PHWRG FRPSOH[ GH HYDOXDUH FH LQFOXGH UH]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH SULQ FHOHODOWH
PHWRGH úL WHKQLFL GH HYDOXDUH SUREH RUDOH VFULVH SUDFWLFH REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D

LL úL FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL HOHYXOXL SURLHFWH DXWRHYDOXDUH SUHFXP úL SULQ VDUFLQLOH
DFWLYLW
VSHFLILFH ILHFUHL GLVFLSOLQH
3RUWRIROLXO UHSUH]LQW ³FDUWHD GH YL]LW´ D HOHYXOXL FDUH XUPUHúWH SURJUHVXO HOHYXOXL
UHDOL]DW GH OD XQ VHPHVWUX OD DOWXO GH OD XQ DQ úFRODU OD DOWXO úL FKLDU GH OD XQ FLFOX GH
vQY PkQW úL SHUPLWH IRUPDUHD XQHL LPDJLQL JOREDOH DVXSUD DFWLYLW LL GHVIúXUDWH vQWU
un interval de timp.
Reguli pentru proiectarea portofoliului ( A. Stoica, coord., p. 65-66, 2001).:
Scopul GH D FRQILUPD F RELHFWLYHOH vQY ULL UHSUH]LQW FHHD FH úWLX HOHYLL VDX VXQW
FDSDELOL V IDF
- HVWH VWDELOLW úL vQ IXQF LH GH GHVWLQD LH sau
GHVWLQDWDUXO V X SHUVRDQ
LQVWLWX LH FRPXQLWDWH &D LQVWUXPHQW GH HYDOXDUH VDX DXWRHYDOXDUH YD
FXSULQGH DVSHFWHOH UHOHYDQWH DOH SURJUHVXOXL HOHYXOXL LDU SHQWUX S ULQ L

FRPXQLWDWH LQVWLWX LL YD VHOHFWD FHOH PDL EXQH SURGXVH UHDOL]DWH GH HOHYL
Contextul DUH vQ YHGHUH XUPWRDUHOH DVSHFWH

- vârsta elevilor:
- specificul disciplinei;
- QHYRLOH DELOLW LOH úL LQWHUHVHOH HOHYLORU HWF
&RQ LQXWXO poate fi concretizat în:

- VHOHF LL GLQ WHPHOH SHQWUX DFDV DOH HOHYXOXL
- QRWL HOH GLQ FODV
- rapoarte de laborator;
-
OXFU UL GH FHUFHWDUH
- FDVHW DXGLR FX SUH]HQWUL RUDOH DOH HOHYXOXL VLWXD LL GH vQY DUH vQ JUXS HWF
- LQYHVWLJD LL
- proiecte;
- REVHUYDUHD VLVWHPDWLF D HOHYXOXL
- autoevaluarea;
- UHIHUDWH HVHXUL DUWLFROH SXEOLFDWH OXFU UL SUH]HQWDWH OD VHVLXQL GH FRPXQLFUL

,PSRUWDQW vQ FDGUXO SURLHFW ULL HVWH
- FkWH ³HúDQWLRDQH´ DOH DFWLYLW LL HOHYXOXL WUHEXLH V FRQ LQ SRUWRIROLXO

- FXP V ILH HOH RUJDQL]DWH
- FLQH KRWUúWH VHOHF LD ORU R SRVLELOLWDWH SRDWH IL SURIHVRUXO GHVFULH FHULQ HOH GH
FRQ LQXW DOH SRUWRIROLXOXL LDU HOHYXO VHOHFWHD] SUREHOH SH FDUH OH FRQVLGHU
reprezentativul).
58
&HULQ HVWDQGDUG SHQWUX FRQ LQXWXO SRUWRIROLXOXL
- SRDWH IL R VDUFLQ D SURIHVRUXOXL VWDELOHúWH VFRSXO FRQWH[WXO UHDOL]HD]
SURLHFWDUHD OXL IRUPXOHD] FHULQ HOH VWDQGDUG úL VHOHFWHD] SURGXVHOH
reprezentative);
- SRDWH LPSOLFD úL HOHYLL DOHJHUHD LQVWUXPHQWHORU GH HYDOXDUH úL D HúDQWLRDQHORU
din propria activitate).

5HFRPDQG UL SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD SRUWRIROLXOXL:
- VH IDFH SHQWUX ILHFDUH HOHPHQW DO SRUWRIROLXOXL OD PRPHQWXO UHDOL] ULL OXL
- VH FRPXQLF HOHYLORU WLSXO HYDOXULL DQDOLWLF KROLVWLF
- VH FRPXQLF UH]XOWDWHOH SULQ LORU úL VH DWDúHD] vQ SRUWRIROLXO HOHYLORU
Exemplu:
Un portofoliu la religie ar putea cuprinde:
- OXFUUL VFULVH
- UVSXQVXUL OD FKHVWLRQDUH LQWHUYLXUL
- chestionare / interviuri realizate personal sau în grup;
- exegeze de text;
- ILúH ELRJUDILFH úL GH OHFWXU
- eseuri;
- UHIHUDWH DUWLFROH FRPXQLFUL
- vQUHJLVWUUL DXGLR YLGHR DOH HOHYLORU
- monografii;
- ILúD GH DXWRHYDOXDUH
- FRQWULEX LL OD UHYLVWH úFRODUH
- FROHF LL GH YHGHUL LPDJLQL FX PQVWLUL
5.6 Autoevaluare
3HQWUX FD HYDOXDUHD V DLE FDUDFWHU IRUPDWLY SURIHVRUXO WUHEXLH V FXOWLYH OD HOHYL
deprinderea de autoevaluare.

7UHEXLH V L SXQ SH HOHYL vQ VLWXD LD GH D VH DXWRDSUHFLD úL DXWRFRQWUROD GHRDUHFH DX
QHYRLH GH D FXQRDúWH FkW PDL PXOWH OXFUXUL GHVSUH HL GHVSUH SHUVRQDOLWDWHD úL

PDQLIHVW ULOH ORU FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH
&RQGL LL QHFHVDUH SHQWUX IRUPDUHD FDSDFLW LL GH DXWRHYDOXDUH OD HOHYL $ 6WRLFD
coord., p. 68, 2001):

- SUH]HQWDUHD RELHFWLYHORU FDGUX GH UHIHULQ RSHUD LRQDOH úL GH HYDOXDUH SH FDUH
WUHEXLH V OH DWLQJ
- vQFXUDMDUHD HOHYLORU SHQWUX DúL SXQH vQWUHE UL FX SULYLUH OD PRGXO GH UH]ROYDUH D
XQHL VDUFLQL úL OD HIHFWXO IRUPDWLY DO DFHVWHLD úL FRQVHPQDUHD U VSXQVXULORU vQ
ILúD GH DXWRHYDOXDUH
-
vQFXUDMDUHD HYDOX ULL vQ FDGUXO JUXSXOXL
- OD VIkUúLWXO XQHL DFWLYLW L V UVSXQG OD vQWUHEUL GH JHQXO FHORU SUH]HQWDWH vQ
chestionar:
59
Exemplu:
I. Chestionar
1. &DUH VXQW HWDSHOH SDUFXUVH vQ YHGHUHD UH]ROY ULL HIHFWLYH D VDUFLQLL GH OXFUX"
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. 3ULQ UH]ROYDUHD DFHVWHL VDUFLQL DP vQY DW
a) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
c) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. 'LILFXOW L SH FDUH OHDP vQWkPSLQDW DX IRVW
a) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
c) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. &UHG F PLDú vPEXQW L SHUIRUPDQ D GDF
a) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) ……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. &UHG F DFWLYLWDWHD PHD DU SXWHD IL DSUHFLDW FD ILLQG
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Autoevaluarea se poate realiza prin chestionare

SUH]HQWDW PDL VXV úL SULQ VF UL GH
clasificare:
II. Scara de clasificare
)LúD GH HYDOXDUH Slab Mediu Bun Foarte bun Excelent

3HUIRUPDQ H úFRODUH
0RWLYD LH úL LQWHUHV FRQVWDQW
manifestat prin realizarea diferitelor

SURGXVH DOH DFWLYLW LL

6SLULW GH LQL LDWLY LQGHSHQGHQ
Spirit de cooperare
$VXPDUHD UHVSRQVDELOLW LORU vQ
realizarea sarcinilor de lucru

curente
3DUWLFLSDUHD OD GLVFX LL vQ FDGUXO
DFWLYLW LL SH JUXSXUL GH OXFUX

Disciplina de lucru
Progresul realizat
Comportamentul general
60
,QIRUPD LLOH RE LQXWH vQ XUPD DXWRHYDOX ULL
- sunt comparate cu ale profesorului;
- se pun în portofoliul elevilor;
- VH SUH]LQW SHULRGLF SULQ LORU
Sugestii pentru un chestionar la religie:
1. (VWH UHOLJLD R GLVFLSOLQ XWLO"0RWLYDWL

Da Nu
2. $L RSWDW GLQ SURSULH LQL LDWLY VDX OD VXJHVWLD SULQ LORU"

3URSULH LQLWLDWLY
/D VXJHVWLD S ULQWLORU
3. &LQH DU WUHEXL V SUHGHD UHOLJLD" 3UHRWXO VDX SURIHVRUXO FX VWXGLL WHRORJLFH"

Preotul Profesorul
4. &H PRGDOLW L GH SUHGDUH DU WUHEXL DERUGDWH OD RUD GH UHOLJLH"

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. &H DFWLYLW L D L GRUL vQ FDGUXO RUHL VDX VXSOLPHQWDU RUHL GH UHOLJLH"
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. (VWH UHOLJLD R GLVFLSOLQ LPSRUWDQW" 0RWLYD L
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. &H FRQ LQXWXUL D L GRUL V ILH SUH]HQWDWH vQ DIDU GH FHOH SUHY]XWH vQ SURJUDP"
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ÌQ XUPD RUHORU GH UHOLJLH YD L VFKLPEDW FRPSRUWDPHQWXO" 0RWLYD L
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Ce domenii te atrag mai mult?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. &LWHúWL FU L FH DX FRQ LQXW UHOLJLRV"([HPSOH
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Din ce motive? Pasiune, curiozitate?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. &ROHF LRQH]L DUWLFROH FU L UHYLVWH GH UHOLJLH"
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
61
Capitolul 6 - Probe de evaluare
2.1 Modele orientatative

0RGHOH GH WHVWH SHQWUX H[DPHQXO QD LRQDO GH %DFDODXUHDW
6.1 Modele orientatative
Exemplul 1
Clasa: I
(YDOXDUH FXUHQW – test criterial
Timp de lucru: 20 minute
Capitol: Vechiul Testament
Obiectivul de evaluare: Elevul va fi capabil:
- V UHFXQRDVF UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUR SURSR]L LH
- V FRPSOHWH]H HQXQ XUL ODFXQDUH
I. &LWHúWH FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LLOH GH PDL MRV 'DF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH

DGHY UDW vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD A 'DF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXLHúWH
litera F.
a)
'XPQH]HX HVWH I F WRUXO FHUXOXL úL DO S PkQWXOXL
A/F
b) *UHúHDOD SULPLORU RDPHQL VH QXPHúWH S FDW SHUVRQDO

A/F
c) &RSLLL
DX XQ vQJHU S ]LWRU
A/F
II. ÌQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH UVSXQVXOXL FRUHFW

1. &XP VH QXPHúWH ORFXO XQGH DX IRVW DúH]D L SULPLL RDPHQL"
a. Babilon;
b. Rai;
c. Ierusalim.
2. &DUH HVWH QXPHOH SULPXOXL ILX DO OXL $GDP úL DO (YHL"
a. Cain;
b. Set;
c. Abel.
3. Cu ce se ocupa Abel, unul dintre cei doi fii ai lui Adam?

a. YkQWRU
b. agricultor;
c. SVWRU
62
III. &RPSOHWHD] FRUHFW VSD LXO SXQFWDW
a. Omul drept înaintea lui Dumnezeu salvat de la potop se numea …………….
b. 6HPQXO F 'XPQH]HX QX YD PDL WULPLWH SRWRS SH SPkQW D IRVW «««««
c. 3DVUHD FDUH D YHVWLW F SPkQWXO VD XVFDW vQ XUPD SRWRSXOXL D IRVW
««««« FH SXUWD vQ FLRF R UDPXU GH ««««««
Exemplul 2
Clasa: a II-a
Capitol: Noul Testament
- V GLVWLQJ UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUR SURSR]L LH
- V VWDELOHDVF FRUHVSRQGHQ D vQWUH GDW úL R

V UE WRDUH FXQRVFXW
- V GHVFULH SH VFXUW R LPDJLQH

litera F.
a) ,RDQ
%RWH] WRUXO YHVWLWRUXO 0kQWXLWRUXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV SRDUW VL QXPHOH GH

ÌQDLQWHPHUJ WRUXO 'RPQXOXL
A/F
b)
3 ULQ LL 6IkQWXOXL ,RDQ %RWH] WRUXO DX IRVW ,RDFKLP úL $QD
A/F
c) 1DúWHUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV D IRVW YHVWLW )HFLRDUHL 0DULD GH vQJHUXO *DYULLO
A/F
II.
6WDELOL L FRUHVSRQGHQ D vQWUH QXPHOH úL GDWD V UE WRULORU SUH]HQWDWH
1. 6 ianuarie a. 1DúWHUHD 6IkQWXOXL ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO

2. 7 ianuarie b. Botezul Domnului Iisus Hristos
3. 24 iunie c. 7LHUHD FDSXOXL 6I ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO
4. 29 august d. Sf. Ierarh Nicolae
e. 6RERUXO 6I ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO
f. 1DúWHUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
III. ÌQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH UVSXQVXOXL FRUHFW

1. 3UHFL]D L FLQH D VSXV FXYLQWHOH ³$FHVWD HVWH )LXO 0HX &HO LXELW vQWUX &DUH DP
binevoit”?
a. Domnul Iisus Hristos
b. Dumnezeu
c. 6I ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO
d. Zaharia
63
2. 7HUPHQXO IRORVLW GH SRSRU SHQWUX V UEWRDUHD ³%RWH]XO 'RPQXOXL´ HVWH
a. Rusalii
b. Boboteaza
c. &UFLXQ
d. Florii
3. ÌQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH GHILQL LHL FRUHFWH D WHUPHQXOXL
“apostoli”?
a. XFHQLFL DL 'RPQXOXL SUHJWL L V GXF PDL GHSDUWH FXYkQWXO vQY WXULL
Lui
b. prieteni ai Domnului Iisus Hristos
c. oameni care îl urmau pretudindeni pe Domnul Iisus Hristos
IV.
6FULH WUHL SURSR]L LL GHVSUH LPDJLQHD XUP WRDUH
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
64
Exemplul 3
Clasa: a III-a
Capitol 1R LXQL GH FDWHKLVP 1R LXQL GH OLWXUJLF
- V GLVWLQJ UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUR DILUPD LH
- V VWDELOHDVF FRUHFW FRUHVSRQGHQ D vQWUH vQVXúLULOH
%LVHULFLL úL VHPQLILFD LLOH DFHVWRUD
- V SUHFL]H]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUH DOWHUQDWLYH GH

U VSXQV
- V FRPSOHWH]H FRUHFW HQXQ XUL ODFXQDUH
- V SUHFL]H]H vQWUXQ WH[W VFXUW PRGXO vQ FDUH
VUEWRUHúWH ]LXD SDWURQXOXL

litera F.
a) 6IkQWD 7DLQ D %RWH]XOXL HVWH R 7DLQ FDUH

VH UHSHW
A/F
b)
6IkQWD ÌPS UW úDQLH R SULPLP R VLQJXU GDW vQ YLD GXS 7DLQD %RWH]XOXL
A/F
c) 0LUXO HVWH XQ XQGHOHPQ VSHFLDO SUHJ WLW GXS R UkQGXLDO GHRVHELW DPHVWHFDW úL
ILHUW FX PXOWH PLURGHQLL úL SODQWH IUXPRV PLURVLWRDUH
A/F
II. 6WDELOL L FRUHVSRQGHQ D vQWUH vQVXúLULOH %LVHULFLL úL VHPQLILFD LD ORU
1. una a. vQY WXUD ELVHULFLL SULPLW GH OD DSRVWROL

2. VIkQW b. HVWH XQLYHUVDO
3. VRERUQLFHDVF c. vQY WXUD H SHQWUX XQLL RDPHQL
4. DSRVWROHDVF d. Sfânt este Întemeietorul,Mântuitorul Iisus
Hristos
e. 8QXO HVWH ÌQWHPHLHWRUXO úL &DSXO HL
Mântuitorul Iisus Hristos
,,, ÌQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH UVSXQVXOXL FRUHFW

1. 3UHFL]D L FXP WUHEXLH V SHWUHDF XQ EXQ FUHúWLQ R VUEWRDUH
a. V PHDUJ OD ELVHULF
b. V PHDUJ QXPDL OD MRDF
c. V QX VH URDJH
2.
2ULFH UXJ FLXQH D FUHúWLQXOXL vQFHSH FX XUP WRDUHOH FXYLQWH
a. 6ODY 7DWOXL úL )LXOXL úL 6IkQWXOXL 'XK
b. ÌQ QXPHOH 7DWOXL úL DO )LXOXL úL DO 6IkQWXOXL 'XK
65
3. &UHúWLQLL WUHEXLH V VH URDJH VILQ LORU GHRDUHFH DFHúWLD
a. VH URDJ OXL 'XPQH]HX SHQWUX QRL
b. DX WULW vQDLQWHD QRDVWU
c. DX IRVW PDL FUHGLQFLRúL FD QRL
III. &RPSOHWHD] VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH FRUHFW

a) )LHFDUH FUHúWLQ WUHEXLH V VH vPSUWúHDVF FHO SX LQ vQ FHOH SDWUX SRVWXUL
din timpul anului:
1. Postul …………………………
2. Postul …………………………
3. Postul …………………………
4. Postul …………………………
b)
6IkQWD (XKDULVWLH VDX ÌPS UW úDQLH VH V YkUúHúWH vQ WLPSXO «««««««
c)
ÌQDLQWH GH 6IkQWD ÌPS UW úDQLH FUHúWLQXO WUHEXLH V ««««««« úL V VH
………………………
IV. 3UHFL]HD] vQ WUHL SURSR]L LL

1. &DUH HVWH QXPHOH VL GDWD SU]QXLULL VIkQWXOXL SDWURQ DO QXPHOXL WX
2. &XP vO VUEWRUHúWL
3. &H IDSW LPSRUWDQW FXQRúWL GHVSUH HO
Exemplul 4
Clasa: a IV-a
Capitol: Noul Testament
- V VHOHFWH]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQWUR DILUPD LH
- V VWDELOHDVF FRUHVSRQGHQ D GLQWUH HYHQLPHQWHOH
SHWUHFXWH vQ
6 SW PkQD 3DWLPLORU úL ]LXD
evenimentului;
- V SUH]LQWH
U VSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQ DOWHUQDWLYHOH
propuse;
- V FRPSOHWH]H VSD LL ODFXQDUH FX LQIRUPD LD FRUHFW
- V HQXPHUH FXYLQWHOH URVWLWH GH 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV
Hristos pe cruce;
- V H[SOLFH XQ WH[W SH ED]D VWUXFWXULL vQWUHEULORU
,&LWHúWH FX DWHQ LH DILUPD LLOH GH PDL MRV 'DF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH DGHYUDW
vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD A 'DF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPD LD HVWH IDOV vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD F.
a)
'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV 6D vQ O DW OD FHU GH SH 0XQWHOH 7DERUXOXL
A/F
b)
'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV D IRVW SULQV GH IDULVHL úL F UWXUDUL vQ *U GLQD *KHWVLPDQL
A/F
c)
$SRVWROXO FDUH /D WU GDW SH 'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV D IRVW 3HWUX
A/F
66
I. 6FULH L vQ VSD LXO SXQFWDW GLQ ID D
ILHF UXL HYHQLPHQW GLQ FRORDQD A litera

FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH ]LOHL HYHQLPHQWXOXL GLQ FRORDQD B:
A B
…… 1. Intrarea Domnului în Ierusalim a. -RL GXSDPLD]
…… 2. Vinderea Domnului Iisus Hristos b. 'XPLQLF GXS LQWUDUHD vQ
…… 3. &LQD FHD GH 7DLQ Ierusalim
…… 4. 5VWLJQLUHD 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV c. 'XPLQLF FX R VSWPkQ
înainte de Învierea Domnului
d. 0LHUFXUL GLQ SURSULH LQL LDWLY
e. 9LQHUL GXS SURFHV
f. 0DU L GXS SUHGLFD GLQ 7HPSOX
,,,
$OHJH U VSXQVXO FRUHFW úL vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH
1. Cei care l-au îngropat pe Mântuitorul Iisus Hristos se numesc:
a. 3HWUX úL ,DFRY
b. ,RDQ úL $QGUHL
c. ,RVLI GLQ $ULPDWHHD úL 1LFRGLP
d. 0DUWD úL 0DULD
2.
$SRVWROXO FDUH /D WU GDW GH 'RPQXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV VH QXPHD
a. Petru
b. Iuda Iscarioteanul
c. Iacov
d. Toma
3. ÌQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH FXYLQWHORU FRUHFWH FDUH DX IRVW URVWLWH

de cei ce L-au întâmpinat pe Domnul Iisus Hristos în Ierusalim:
a. “Osana, Fiul lui David”
b. “Osana, Fiul lui David, bine este cuvântat Cel ce vine întru numele
Domnului! Osana întru cei de sus!”
c. “Osana întru cei de sus”
,9 &RPSOHWHD] FRUHFW VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH
a) 'RPQXO úL 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV D LQWUDW vQ ,HUXVDOLP FDODUH SH XQ
………….
b) Mântuitorul Iisus Hristos a fost întâmpinat la intrarea în Ierusalim cu ramuri
de ……………….
c) 0XQWHOH GH SH FDUH 6D vQO DW OD FHU 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV VH QXPHúWH
………………….
V. ÌQ WLPS FH VH DIOD SH FUXFH 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV D URVWLW vQ úDSWH
UkQGXUL PDL PXOWH FXYLQWH 6FULH L DFHVWH FXYLQWH vQ RUGLQHD URVWLULL ORU
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ………………………………………………………………………………………
VI. ³,LVXV 1D]DULQHDQXO UHJHOH LXGHLORU´ 3RUQLQG GH OD DFHVW WH[W U VSXQGH L

OD XUP WRDUHOH vQWUHE UL
1. &LQH D RUGRQDW V ILH VFULVH DFHVWH FXYLQWH"
………………………………………………………….
67
2. &H IXQF LH DYHD DFHDVW SHUVRDQ"
………………………………………………………….
3. 8QGH DX IRVW DúH]DWH DFHVWH FXYLQWH"

………………………………………………………….
4. Ce atitudine a avut persoana asupra Mântuitorul Iisus Hristos.

…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………….
Exemplul 5
Clasa: a V-a
Timp de lucru: 45 puncte
- V GLVWLQJ R DILUPD LH DGHYUDW GH XQD IDOV
- V SUHFL]H]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQ DOWHUQDWLYHOH
propuse;
- V FRPSOHWH]H HQXQ XULOH ODFXQDUH FX LQIRUPD LD

FRUHFW
- V HQXPHUH RUGLQHD LFRDQHORU GH SH FDWDSHWHDVP

- V DOFWXLDVF XQ WH[W vQ FDUH V SUH]LQWH LPSRUWDQ D
úL VHPQLILFD LD RELHFWHORU úL PDWHULLORU GH FXOW

litera F. 9 puncte
a) %LVHULFD HVWH DFHO ORFDú VIkQW vQ FDUH VH DGXQ FUHGLQFLRúLL VSUH D VH UXJD úL XQGH
VH
V YkUúHVF VOXMEHOH VILQWH SULQ FDUH VH DGXFH SUHDP ULUHD FXYHQLW OXL
Dumnezeu.
A/F
b) %LVHULFD UHSUH]LQW WRWDOLWDWHD FUHGLQFLRúLORU FDUH FUHG vQ ,LVXV +ULVWRV úL PUWXULVHVF

vQY WXUD /XL QHVFKLPEDW úL ÌO UHFXQRVF GH FDS DO %LVHULFLL
A/F
c) &RUWXO VIkQW
P UWXULHL úL 7HPSOXO OXL 6RORPRQ GLQ ,HUXVDOLP UHSUH]LQW
preînchipuirea Bisericii.
A/F
II.
$OHJH U VSXQVXO FRUHFW úL vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH 12 puncte
1. 0RPHQWXO QHY ]XW DO vQWHPHLHULL %LVHULFLL HVWH

a) 6FKLPEDUHD OD )D D 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
b) Jertfa pe Cruce a Mântuitorului Iisus Hristos;
c) ÌQO DUHD OD FHU D 0kQWXLWRUXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV
2. 0RPHQWXO Y ]XW DO vQWHPHLHULL %LVHULFLL HVWH

a) Cincizecimea;
b) Învierea Domnului;
c) Intrarea Domnului în Ierusalim.
68
3. Forma în care sunt construite cele mai multe biserici este:
a) triunghi;
b) cruce;
c) SWUDW
,,, &RPSOHWHD] FRUHFW VSD LLOH SXQFWDWH 18 puncte
1.
3 U LOH FRPSRQHQWH DOH %LVHULFLL VXQW
a) …………………………
b) …………………………
c) …………………………
2. ÌQWUH QDRV úL DOWDU VH DIO ««««««««« VDX ««««««««««

3. La unele biserici întâlnim la intrare ………………………….
4. /D ELVHULFLOH ]LGLWH GH ùWHIDQ FHO 0DUH úL 6IkQW DSDUH R DOW vQFSHUH QXPLW
«««««««««« vQWUH QDRV úL SURQDRV
,9 ÌQWUH DOWDU úL QDRV HVWH XQ SHUHWH GH OHPQ GH ]LG VDX GH SLDWU QXPLW FDWDSHWHDVP
3RUQLQG GH OD DFHDVW DILUPD LH UVSXQGH L OD XUPWRDUHOH vQWUHEUL 28 puncte
&XP VH QXPHVF XúLOH GH OD PLMORF"
………………………………………………………………
&XP VH QXPHVF XúLOH ODWHUDOH"
…………………………………………………………………………………….
&XP VXQW GLVSXVH LFRDQHOH SH FDWDSHWHDVP "
a. Primul rând:…………………………………………………………
b. Numele icoanelor mari: a. ………………………………………..
b. ……………………………………….
c. ……………………………………….
d. ……………………………………….
c. Deasupra icoanelor mari (rândul 2):

……………………………………………………………………………………
d. În centrul icoanelor din rândul 2:
……………………………………………………………………………………
e. În rândul al treilea :
………………………………………………………………………………….
f. În centrul rândului al treilea :
………………………………………………………………………………….
g . În rândul al patrulea:
……………………………………………………………………………………….
h. În centrul icoanelor din rândul al patrulea:
………………………………………………………………………………….
L 'HDVXSUD LFRDQHORU GH SH FDWDSHWHDVP
…………………………………………………………………………………...
9 3ULQFLSDOHOH RELHFWH VL PDWHULL IRORVLWH vQ FXOW VXQW 6IkQWD 0DV 3RWLUXO &UXFHD
'LVFXO 6IHúQLFXO úL SkLQHD YLQXO XQWGHOHPQXO O PkLD OXPkQDUHD

3UH]HQWD L vQ PD[LP R SDJLQ LPSRUWDQ D úL VHPQLILFD LD DFHVWRUD
23 puncte
6H DFRUG SXQFWH GLQ RILFLX
69
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH úL QRWDUH ± SURED OD FODVD D 9D
I.Total = 9 puncte
a.3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO $
b.3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO $
c.3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO $
II. Total = 12 puncte
1. 4 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO E -HUWID SH &UXFH D 0kQWXLWRUXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV

2. 4 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO D &LQFL]HFLPHD
3. 4 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO E &UXFH
III. Total = 18 puncte
1. Total 9 puncte: a) 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO SURQDRV

b) 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO QDRV
c) 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO DOWDU
6H DFRUG SXQFWH SHQWUX ILHFDUH UVSXQV FRUHFW LQGLIHUHQW GH
ordinea lui.
2. Total 3 puncte: - 1,5 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO FDWDSHWHDVP
- 1,5 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO LFRQRVWDV VDX WkPSO
3. 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO SULGYRU
4. 3 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO JURSQL

IV. Total = 28 puncte
1. 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO vPSUWHúWL

2. 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO GLDFRQHúWL
3 .TOTAL 24 puncte: a) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO HYHQLPHQWH GLQ 9HFKLXO
Testament
b) Total 8 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 2 puncte pentru

U VSXQVXO
Mântuitorul Iisus Hristos;

2. 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO
Maica Domnului;
Hramul Bisericii
Sf. Nicolae sau Sf. Ioan

%RWH] WRUXO VDX DOW VIkQW
important
c) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 3UD]QLFHOH vPSUWHúWL
d) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO &LQD FHD GH 7DLQ
e) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 6ILQ LL $SRVWROL
f) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV FD ÌPSUDW
úL $UKLHUHX
g) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 3URRURFLL

h) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 6IkQWD )HFLRDU 0DULD FX SUXQFXO vQ
EUD H
i) 2 puncte SHQWUX UVSXQVXO 6IkQWD &UXFH
V. Total = 23 puncte
1. 20 puncte SHQWUX LQIRUPD LH FkWH 1 punct SHQWUX ILHFDUH VHPQLILFD LH FRUHFW
- câte 1 punct SHQWUX SUHFL]DUHD LPSRUWDQ HL ILHFUXL
element dat;
70
2. 3 puncte SHQWUX RUGRQDUHD úL H[SOLFDUHD LGHLORU
2 puncte pentru claritatea structurii textului (introducere-cuprins-concluzii)
1 punct pentru introducerea ideilor prin paragrafe
0 puncte pentru lipsa structurii
1 punct SHQWUX vQFDGUDUHD vQ OLPLWD GH VSD LX LPSXV
0 puncte SHQWUX GHSúLUHD OLPLWHL GH VSD LX LPSXV
6H DFRUG SXQFWH GLQ RILFLX

Acest barem poate fi folosit ca model pentru întocmirea baremelor la
celelalte probe de evaluare.
Exemplul 6
Clasa: a VI-a
Capitol 1R LXQL GH PRUDO FUHúWLQ
- V GLVWLQJ R DILUPD LH DGHYUDW GH XQD IDOV
- V H[SOLFH XQ WH[W FXQRVFXW SH ED]D VWUXFWXUULL

vQWUHE ULORU
- V H[SOLFH VHPQLILFD LD VLPEROXULORU GLQWUR SLOG

FXQRVFXW 3LOGD VDPDULWHDQXOXL PLORVWLY
- V UHDOL]H]H R FRPSR]L LH GHVSUH FRQGL LLOH GH LQWUDUH
vQ ÌPS U LD OXL 'XPQH]HX SRUQLQG GH OD ³3LOGD FHORU
zece fecioare”.

litera F.
a. ÌQWRDUFHUHD ILXOXL ULVLSLWRU GLQ F OWRULH UHSUH]LQW vQWRDUFHUHD GH OD SFDW úL

SRF LQ D
A/F
b. 6DPDULQHQLL úL LXGHLL VH DIODX vQ EXQ vQ HOHJHUH

A/F
c. 1XQWD SH FDUH R DúWHSWDX FHOH ]HFH IHFLRDUH UHSUH]LQW -XGHFDWD REúWHDVF

8QLYHUVDO
A/F
d. ³6kQXO OXL $YUDDP´ UHSUH]LQW ORFXO XQGH PHUJ FHL SFWRúL

A/F
II. &LWHúWH FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO GH PDL MRV
³7UHEXLH vQV V QH YHVHOLP úL V QH EXFXUP FFL IUDWHOH WX DFHVWD PRUW HUD úL D
vQYLDW SLHUGXW D IRVW úL VD DIODW´ /XFD

1. 3UHFL]D L GLQ FH SLOG IDFH SDUWH WH[WXO DFHVWXL YHUVHW

……………………………………………………………………………………
71
2. 0HQ LRQD L FDUH DU IL PRWLYXO SHQWUX FDUH DU WUHEXL V VH YHVHOHDVF úL V VH
bucure.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. ([SOLFD L H[SUHVLD ³PRUW HUD úL D vQYLDW´

…………………………………………………………………………………
4. 3UHFL]D L FDUH DU IL FRQVHFLQ HOH ³SLHU]DQLHL´ úL DO ³DIOULL´

“pierzaniei”……………………………………………………………………..

³DIO ULL´«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
III. &LWHúWH FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO GH PDL MRV

³ùL D PXULW V UDFXO úL D IRVW GXV GH vQJHUL vQ VkQXO OXL $YUDDP $SRL D PXULW úL
ERJDWXO úL D IRVW vQPRUPkQWDW LDU VXIOHWXO OXL D DMXQV vQ LDG´ /XFD

1. 3UHFL]D L QXPHOH SLOGHL GLQ FDUH IDFH SDUWH WH[WXO

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. (QXPHUD L PRWLYHOH SHQWUX FDUH VXIOHWXO VUDFXOXL D DMXQV vQ VkQXO OXL $YUDDP
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. (QXPHUD L PRWLYHOH SHQWUX FDUH VXIOHWXO ERJDWXOXL D DMXQV vQ LDG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. 0HQ LRQD L XQ PRWLY SHQWUX FDUH VUDFXOXL L VH VSXQH QXPHOH úL ERJDWXOXL QX
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. ([SOLFD L GDF VUFLD HVWH R FRQGL LH GH LQWUDUH vQ 5DL úL ERJ LD GH LQWUDUH vQ

iad.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
6.
0HQ LRQD L FH DIO P vQ FKLS O PXULW GH OD 0kQWXLWRUXO ,LVXV +ULVWRV vQ OHJ WXU
FX VXIOHWXO RPXOXL GXS PRDUWHD WUXSXOXL
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

,90HQ LRQD L FDUH HVWH VHPQLILFD LD XUP WRDUHORU VLPEROXUL GLQ ³3LOGD VDPDULQHDQXOXL
milostiv.”
Drumul de la Ierusalim la Ierihon …………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Tâlharii ……………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Preotul ………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Levitul ………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
72
Samarineanul ………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8QWGHOHPQXO úL YLQXO «««««««««««««««««««««««««««
Hanul …………………………………………………………………………………………
Doi dinari ……………………………………………………………………………………
Hangiul ………………………………………………………………………………………
Plecarea samarineanul ……………………………………………………………………
Întoarcerea samarineanului ………………………………………………………...
IV. 3RUQLQG GH OD ³3LOGD FHORU ]HFH IHFLRDUH´ SUH]HQWD L FRQGL LLOH QHFHVDUH SHQWUX
LQWUDUHD vQ ÌPS U LD OXL 'XPQH]HX

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exemplul 7
Clasa: a VII-a
Capitol: Istoria Bisericii Universale
- V UHFXQRDVF GDWH úL SHUVRQDMH LVWRULFH
- V SODVH]H vQ WLPS úL VSD LX HYHQLPHQWH LVWRULFH
- V PHQ LRQH]H FDX]HOH UHOLJLRDVH úL SROLWLFH DOH
Schismei din 1054;

- V SUHFL]H]H FDUH HVWH FRQWULEX LD XQRU VILQ L PDL
LPSRUWDQ L OD vQWHPHLHUHD PRQDKLVPXOXL
,6FULH OLWHUD FRUHVSXQ]DWRDUH U VSXQVXOXL FRUHFW SHQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH DILUPD LLOH GH
mai jos:
1.
6FKLVPD GLQWUH %LVHULFD 5 V ULWXOXL úL %LVHULFD $SXVXOXL VD SURGXV vQ DQXO
a. 1274
b. 1054
c. 809
d. 1453
2. În scaunul patriarhal de la Constantinopol în faza a II-a a schismei se afla

patriarhul:
a. Igantie
b. Fotie
c. Mihail Cerularie
d. Gherman al II-lea
3. ÌQ VFDXQXO SDSDO vQ D GRXD ID] D VFKLVPHL HUD

a. Papa Nicolae I
b. Papa Ioan VIII
c. Papa Leon IX
d. Papa Benedict VIII

,,6FULH L U VSXQVXULOH FRUHFWH FDUH FRPSOHWHD] SURSR]L LLOH GH PDL MRV
1. Cardinalul care a aruncat actul de anatematizare pe altarul Bisericii Sfânta
Sofia se numea ………………………….
73
2.
ÌQFHUF UL GH XQLUH D %LVHULFLORU DX H[LVWDW vQ DQLL OD ««««««««
OD ««««««««« úL vQWUH DQLL OD «««««««««
3.
&RQVWDQWLQRSROXO D F ]XW VXE VW SkQLUH WXUFHDVF vQ DQXO ««««««
4. 6XOWDQXO FDUH D FXFHULW &RQVWDQWLQRSROXO VH QXPHúWH ««««««««
,,,(QXPHUD L SDWUX FDX]H UHOLJLRDVH DOH 6FKLVPHL GLQ
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
,9(QXPHUD L SDWUX FDX]H SROLWLFH DOH 6FKLVPHL GLQ
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
90HQ LRQD L GRX FRQVHFLQ H DOH FXFHULULL &RQVWDQWLQRSROXOXL GLQ WLPSXO 6XOWDQXOXL
Mohamed al II-lea, asupra Bisericii Ortodoxe.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
9,3UHFL]D L QXPHOH úL FRQWLEX LD D WUHL VILQ L LPSRUWDQ L OD vQWHPHLHUHD PRQDKLVPXOXL
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Exemplul 8
Clasa: a VIII-a
Capitol 1R LXQL GH FDWHKLVP
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQHD GH PkQWXLUH
- V GHVFULH FRQGL LLOH SHQWUX ³SOLQLUHD YUHPLL´
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H HWDSHOH úL FRQGL LLOH PkQWXLULL
subiective;
- V SUHFL]H]H FLQH YD IDFH -XGHFDWD GH $SRL
- V HQXPHUH VHPQHOH 3DUXVLHL
- V SUHFL]H]H FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH -XGHF LL 8QLYHUVDOH
I. 'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH ³PkQWXLUH´
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. 6ILQ LL
S ULQ L QH GDX
O PXULUL VSHFLDOH UHIHULWRDUH OD FRQGL LLOH SHQWUX ³SOLQLUHD
YUHPLL´ DGLF DWXQFL FkQG HUDX vPSOLQLWH FRQGL LLOH vQ OXPH SHQWUX ÌQWUXSDUHD
'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV 'HVFULH L VXFFLQW ILHFDUH FRQGL LH
a. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………………...
c. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
74
d. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
e. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
III. 0kQWXLUHD VXELHFWLY VDX vQGUHSWDUHD SUHVXSXQH PDL PXOWH HWDSH úL FRQGL LLOH
XUP WRDUH KDU FUHGLQ IDSWH EXQH &DUDFWHUL]D L VXFFLQW HWDSHOH úL FRQGL LLOH
vQGUHSW ULL
a. 3ULPD WUHDSW
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. $ GRXD WUHDSW
………………………………………………………………………………………………
F$ WUHLD WUHDSW
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d.Har
……………………………………………………………………………………………
H&UHGLQ
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
f.Fapte bune
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
,9&LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO GH PDL MRV

³& FL 7DW O QX MXGHF SH QLPHQL FL WRDW MXGHFDWD D GDWR )LXOXL´ ,RDQ

3RUQLQG GH OD DFHVW WH[W U VSXQGH L XUP WRDUHORU FHULQ H
1. 3UHFL]D L FLQH YD IDFH -XGHFDWD GH $SRL

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. 0HQ LRQD L VHPQHOH FHOHL GHD GRXD YHQLUL D 'RPQXOXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV 3DUXVLHL
a. …………………………………………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………………………………………
c. …………………………………………………………………………………………
d. …………………………………………………………………………………………
e. …………………………………………………………………………………………
f. …………………………………………………………………………………………
g. …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. (QXPHUD L FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH -XGHF LL REúWHúWL VDX XQLYHUVDOH

a. …………………………………………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………………………………………
c. …………………………………………………………………………………………
d. …………………………………………………………………………………………
e. …………………………………………………………………………………………
f. …………………………………………………………………………………………
75
Exemplul 9
Clasa: a IX-a
Capitol /LEHUWDWHD úL UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD vQ OXPLQD FUHGLQ HL
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQHD GH OLEHUWDWH
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H QR LXQLOH GH LQGHWHUPLQLVP úL
determinism;
- V SUHFL]H]H UDSRUWXO GLQWUH GH LQGHWHUPLQLVP úL
determinism;
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQHD GH UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH PRUDO
- V SUH]LQWH IHOXULOH UHVSRQVDELOLW LL
- V SUH]LQWH IRUXULOH GH MXGHFDW DOH UHVSRQVDELOLW LL
- V HQXPHUH IHOXULOH VDQF LXQLL
- V DUJXPHQWH]H FX WH[WH ELEOLFH
I.
&LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO XUP WRU
³3HQWUX FD RPXO V vPSOLQL YRLD OXL 'XPQH]HX D IRVW vQ]HVWUDW GLQ SDUWHD
SRDW
&UHDWRUXOXL VX FX FRQúWLLQ úL OLEHUWDWH FHHD FH vQVHDPQ F HO DUH SXWLQ FD vQ
DFHODúL WLPS V FXQRDVF GDU úL V vPSOLQHDVF OHJHD PRUDO´
3RUQLQG GH OD DFHVW WH[W UVSXQGH L OD XUPWRDUHOH FHULQ H
1. 'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH OLEHUWDWH

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. 'HVFULH L VXFFLQW QR LXQHD GH LQGHWHUPLQLVP
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. 0HQ LRQD L WUHL SDWUX WHPHLXUL VFULSWXULVWLFH vQ VSULMLQXO OLEHUW LL YRLQ HL
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. 'HVFULH L VXFFLQW QR LXQHD GH GHWHUPLQLVP
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. 3UHFL]D L FXP IDYRUL]HD] LQGHWHUPLQLVPXO SURJUHVXO PRUDO úL FXP
GHWHUPLQLVPXO vO IUkQHD]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
,,'HILQL L QR LXQHD GH UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH PRUDO
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

,,,&LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO XUP WRU
³3HQWUX PLQH HVWH vQV ILX MXGHFDW GH YRL VDX GH MXGHFDWD

SUHD SX LQ FD HX V
MXGHF SH PLQH vQVXPL GHúL QX P úWLX YLQRYDW

RPHQHDVF FL QLFL HX VLQJXU QX P
FX QLPLF FX DFHDVWD vQV QX PDP vQGUHSWDW 'DU FHO FH P MXGHF SH PLQH HVWH
Domnul” (I Cor., 4, 3-4)

1. 3UH]HQWD L IHOXULOH UHVSRQVDELOLW LL

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
76
2. 3UHFL]D L FDUH VXQW IRUXULOH vQ P VXU V SURQXQ H DVXSUD UHVSRQVDELOLW LL
a. …………..…………………………………………………………………………………
b. ………..……………………………………………………………………………………
c. …….………………………………………………………………………………………
(QXPHUD L IHOXULOH VDQF LXQLL FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH FHORU WUHL IRUXUL GH MXGHFDW D
faptelor noastre.
a. …………..…………………………………………………………………………………
b. ………..……………………………………………………………………………………
c. ………..……………………………………………………………………………………
Exemplul 10
Clasa: a XI-a
Capitol &RQúWLLQ D PRUDO
- V GHILQHDVF QR LXQHD GH FRQúWLLQ PRUDO
- V SUHFL]H]H vQ FH FRQVW RULJLQHD úL GH]YROWDUHD
FRQúWLLQ HL PRUDOH
- V GHD H[HPSOHGH PDQLIHVWUL DOH FRQúWLLQ HL GLQ
6IkQWD 6FULSWXU úL OLWHUDWXU

- V LGHQWLILFH LGHHD SULQFLSDO GLQWUXQ WH[W
- V SUH]LQWH SXQFWHOH GH YHGHUH VXV LQXWH GH DXWRUL
dintr-un text;
- V IRUPXOH]H XQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO
I. &LWL L FX DWHQ LH WH[WXO XUP WRU
³& FL QX IDF ELQHOH SH FDUHO YRLHVF FL U XO SH FDUH QXO YRLHVF SH DFHOD vO

V YkUúHVF´ 5RP

1. 'HVFULH L QR LXQHD GH FRQúWLLQ PRUDO
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. 3UHFL]D L FDUH HVWH RULJLQHD FRQúWLLQ HL PRUDOH
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. 3UHFL]D L vQ FH FRQVW GH]YROWDUHD FRQúWLLQ HL PRUDOH
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. 'D L H[HPSOH GLQ 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU úL GLQ OLWHUDWXU
a) GH REOLJD LH LPSXV GH FRQúWLLQ
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) GH VDWLVIDF LH D FRQúWLLQ HL
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
77
c) GH UHPXúFUL D FRQúWLLQ HL
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. 3UHFL]D L VXFFLQW SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH DO DXWRUXOXL vQ SUREOHPD FRQúWLLQ HL PRUDOH
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3UHFL]D L SXQFWXO GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO««««««««««««««««««««
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. 6H G WH[WXO XUPWRU
³&RQúWLLQ FRQúWLLQ LQVWLQFW GLYLQ QHPXULWRDUH úL FHUHDVF YRFH vQGUHSWDU VLJXU

DO ILLQ HL LJQRUDQWH úL P UJLQLWH GDU LQWHOLJHQW úL OLEHU MXGHFWRU LQIDLOLELO DO ELQHOXL
úL UXOXL FDUH DVHDPQ SH RP FX 'XPQH]HX IU WLQH HX QX VXQW QLPLF FDUH V
P ULGLFH GHDVXSUD DQLPDOHORU GHFkW WULVWXO SULYLOHJLX GH D P UWFL GLQ HURDUH vQ
HURDUH FX DMXWRUXO XQXL LQWHOHFW IU QRUPH úL DO XQHL UD LXQL IU SULQFLSLL´
(J. J. Rousseau, Emile, cartea a VI-a)

&RPHQWD L WH[WXO SH ED]D XUP WRDUHORU LGHL
- desprinderea ideii principale a textului;

-
GHWHUPLQDUHD DUJXPHQWHORU FDUH VXV LQ LGHHD SULQFLSDO
- SUH]HQWDUHD VXFFLQW D FRQFHS LHL DXWRUXOXL GHVSUH FRQúWLLQ

- IRUPXODUHD XQXL SXQFW GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO vQ OHJ WXU FX SUREOHPD SXV vQ
GLVFX LH FDUH V VXV LQ DFWXDOLWDWHD HL
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
0RGHOHGHWHVWHSHQWUXH[DPHQXOQD LRQDOGH%DFDODXUHDW
3URE VFULV OD 7HRORJLH 'RJPDWLF

RUH VSWPkQ
Seminariile Liceale Ortodoxe
I. 'HILQL L
XUP WRULL WHUPHQL ³5HYHOD LH
GXPQH]HLDVF ´ ³FXQRDúWHUH
DSRIDWLF ´
³FXQRDúWHUH FDWDIDWLF ´ 15 puncte
II. &DUDFWHUL]D L vQVXúLULOH KDUXOXL GLYLQ 30 puncte
III. 5HDOL]D L R FRPSR]L LH GHVSUH 6ILQWHOH 7DLQH orientkQGXY GXS SODQXO XUPWRU
45 puncte
a) Definirea Sf. Taine;
b) )LLQ D 6I 7DLQH
c) ÌQVXúLULOH HVHQ LDOH DOH 6I 7DLQH;
c) Necesitatea Sf. Taine;
d) 1XPUXO 6I 7DLQH
e) 3R]L LD SURWHVWDQW úL QHSURWHVWDQW FX SULYLUH OD 6I 7DLQH
127 7RDWH VXELHFWHOH VXQW REOLJDWRULL 6H DFRUG SXQFWH GLQ RILFLX 7LPS
efectiv de lucru de 3 ore.
78
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH úL QRWDUH OD 7HRORJLH 'RJPDWLF

RUH V SW PkQ
Total 15 puncte
I. 3HQWUX ILHFDUH GHILQL LH FRUHFW úL FRPSOHW VH DFRUG FkWH SXQFWH
ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH GHILQL LD HVWH LQFRPSOHW VH DFRUG 3 puncte.
Total 30 de puncte:
II.
- HQXPHUDUHD vQVXúLULORU «««««««««««««««««««« 3 puncte
- “necesitatea” harului ……………………………………….……………… 8 puncte
- “gratuitatea” harului………………………………………………………… 5 puncte
- “universalitatea” harului …………………………………………………… 8 puncte
- VXV LQHUHD DILUPD LLORU FX WH[WH ELEOLFH …………………………………… 6 puncte
Total 45 de puncte:
III.
a) GHILQL LD FRUHFW úL FRPSOHW «««««««««««««««««« 5 puncte
b) ILLQ D 7DLQHORU «««««««««««««««««««««««« 5 puncte
c) vQVXúLULOH HVHQ LDOH ««««««««««««««««««««« 12 puncte
- instituire ……………………………………………………………….… 4 puncte
- SDUWHD Y]XW «««««««««««««««««««««« 2 puncte
- SDUWHD QHY]XW ««««««««««««««««««««« 2 puncte
- VYkUúLWRUXO 7DLQHL «««««««««««««««««««« 2 puncte
- primitorul Tainei ……………………………………………………...… 2 puncte
d) necesitatea Tainelor …………………………………………………….… 5 puncte
e) QXPUXO 7DLQHORU «««««««««««««««««««««« 5 puncte
f) SR]L LD SURWHVWDQW úL QHSURWHVWDQW …………………………………..… 6 puncte
g) argumentarea cu texte biblice …………………………………………… 5 puncte
h) claritatea structurii textului (introducere – cuprins – concluzii) ………... 1 punct
i) utilizarea limbajului teologic ……………………………………………….. 1 punct
TOTAL: 100 puncte
3URE VFULV OD ,VWRULD %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH
RU VSWPkQ
Seminariile Liceale Ortodoxe
I. 3UHFL]D L FDUH HVWH LPSRUWDQ D 6LQRGXOXL GH OD ,DúL SHQWUX FUHGLQ D FUHúWLQ
20 puncte
II.
6HFXODUL]DUHD DYHULORU P Q VWLUHúWL D IRVW R OHJH GH PDUH IRORV ULL úL %LVHULFLL
3RUQLQG GH OD DFHDVW DILUPD LH UVSXQGH L FHULQ HORU 15 puncte

1.
1XPL L GRPQXO vQ WLPSXO F UXLD D DYXW ORF VHFXODUL]DUHD DYHULORU P QVWLUHúWL
2. 3UHFL]D L DQXO SURPXOJULL DFHVWHL OHJL
3. 0HQ LRQD L GRX XUPUL DOH VHFXODUL]ULL
III. 'HVFULH L DFWLYLWDWHD FHORU GRL WHRORJL GLQ 6FL LD 0LF 15 puncte
IV. &DUDFWHUL]D L WUHL GLQ FHOH PDL LPSRUWDQWH RSHUH DOH PLWURSROLWXOXL 9DUODDP
PHQ LRQkQG OD ILHFDUH GLQWUH HOH 40 puncte

- DQXO úL ORFXO DSDUL LHL
- numele întreg unde este cazul;

-
FXUSLQVXO F U LL
- LPSRUWDQ D RSHUHL
127 7RDWH VXELHFWHOH VXQW REOLJDWRULL 6H DFRUG SXQFWH GLQ RILFLX 7LPS
efectiv de lucru de 3 ore.
79
%DUHP GH FRUHFWDUH úL QRWDUH OD ,VWRULD %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH
RU VSWPkQ
I. Total 20 puncte
GLVFXWDUHD SXQFW FX SXQFW D 0 UWXULVLULL GH FUHGLQ
DOF WXLW GH PLWURSROXO 3HWUX
0RYLO 4 puncte

WUDGXFHUHD HL vQ OLPED JUHDF GH F WUH LHUDPRQDKXO 0HOLWLH 6LULJXO 4 puncte

DS UDUHD FUHGLQ HL RUWRGR[H GH LQIOXHQ D FDWROLF 3XUJDWRU 3UHIDFHUHD GDUXULORU OD
³/XD L PkQFD L «´ 6 puncte

D WUHLD 0 UWXULVLUH GH FUHGLQ D %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H GXS 6LPEROXO FUHGLQ HL úL
'RJPDWLF 6I , 'DPDVFKLQXO 6 puncte
II. Total 15 de puncte:

1. Domnul Alexandru Ioan Cuza …………………………….……………… 4 puncte
2. 1863 …………………………….…………………………………………… 4 puncte
3. UHVWLWXLUHD RELHFWHORU GH DUW úL GRFXPHQWHORU PQVWLULORU VWDWXOXL GH FWUH
HJXPHQLL JUHFL
vPSURSULHW ULUHD UDQLORU FOFDúL vQ %LVHULFD KD
LQWHU]LFHUHD
V YkUúLULL VOXMEHORU vQ JUHFHúWH FX H[FHS LD D WUHL ELVHULFL

LQWHU]LFHUHD W LHULL S GXULORU P Q VWLUHúWL vQFDVDUHD YHQLWXULORU P QVWLULORU GH

F WUH VWDW «««««««««««««««««««««««««« 7 puncte
III. Total 15 de puncte:

- enumerarea teologilor ………………………………………...…..………..… 4 puncte
- Sf. Ioan Casian … ……………………………………………..…………..… 8 puncte
- vQWHPHLHUHD PQVWLULORU GLQ $SXV GXS PRGHOXO GLQ 5VULW 0DUVLOOLD
………………………………………………………………………….… 2 puncte
- RSHUH ³'HVSUH DúH]PLQWHOH PQVWLUHúWL GH REúWH´ ««««« 2 puncte
³&RQYRUELUL FX SULQ LL´ ««««««««««««««« 2 puncte
“Despre întruparea domnului” ...…………………………...… 2 puncte

- Dionisii Exiguul. ...…………………………………………………...… 2 puncte
- SXQH ED]HOH ³HUHL FUHúWLQH´ QXPUkQG SHQWUX SULPD GDW DQLL GH OD QDúWHUHD
OXL +ULVWRV FX R JUHúHDO GH DQL
IV. Total 40 de puncte:
- Enumerarea operelor …..…………………………………………...… 3 puncte
- “Cazania din 1643” .....……………………………………….…...… 20 puncte
- QXPHOH ³&DUWHD URPkQHDVF GH vQY WXU OD GXPHQHFHOH SUHVWH DQ úL
OD SUD]QLFLOH vPSUWHúWL úL OD VYkQ L PDUL´ VDX ³&D]DQLD´ «« 2 puncte
- ,DúL ««««««««««««««««««««««« 1 punct

- JUDYXUL UHSUH]HQWkQG VFHQH ELEOLFH FKLSXUL GH VILQ L ««««« 1 punct
- LQL LDOH vQIORUDWH IURQWLVSLFL YLQLHWH «««««««««««« 2 puncte
- ³&XYkQW´ DGUHVDW GH 9DVLOH /XSX FWUH ³VHPHQ LD URPkQHDVF´ SXQFWH
- ³&XYkQW FWUH FHWLWRULX´ DO PLWURSROLWXOXL «««««««««« SXQFWH
- FDUWHD DUH GRX SU L ««««««««««««««««« 3 puncte
I. Cazanii la duminici
II. &D]DQLL OD GLIHULWH VUEWRUL
- L]YRUXO SULQFLSDO DO FU LL FDUWHD GH SUHGLFL D PLWURSROLWXOXL JUHF
Damaschin Studitul “Comoara” …………………………………… 1 punct
- DUH PHULWXO GH D IL VWUkQV vQWUR OXFUDUH XQLWDU YHFKLOH FD]DQLL SXQFWH
- aport la formarea limbii literare ………………………………...… 2 puncte
- ODUJ UVSkQGLUH LQFOXVLY 7UDQVLOYDQLD «««««««««« 2 puncte
- ³ùDSWH 7DLQH´ «««««««««««««««««««« 5 puncte
din care
80
- ,DúL «««««««««««««««««««««« 1 puncte
- H[SOLFD VXE IRUP GH vQWUHEUL úL UVSXQVXUL UkQGXLDOD FHORU 6DSWH 7DLQH
……………………………………………………………………..… 2 puncte
- PHQLW V DSHUH FUHGLQ D RUWRGR[ vPSRWULYD FDOYLQLORU GLQ 7UDQVLOYDQLD
…………………………………………………………...………...… 2 puncte
- ³5VSXQVXO OD &DWHKLVPXO &DOYLQHVF´ ««««««««««« 10 puncte
- ,DúL VDX 'HDOX «««««««««««««««««« 1 punct

- HVWH XQ UVSXQV OD ³FDWHKLVPXO FDOYLQHVF´ FDUH HUD ³SOLQ GH RWUDY úL
PRDUWH VXIOHWHDVF´ ««««««««««««««««««« 1 punct
- PLWURSROLWXO 9DUODDQ D IRUPXODW UVSXQVXO vQ XUPD XQXL 6LQRG VDX

LHUDUKL DL ULL 5RPkQHúWL úL 0ROGRYHL ««««««« 1 punct
- LPSRUWDQW HVWH SUHID D XQGH DSDUH LGHHD GH XQLWDWH QD LRQDO

……………………………………………………..……………...… 2 puncte
- FRPEDWH SULQFLSDOHOH vQY WXUL FDOYLQH H[SXVH GH &DWHKLVPXO GH OD
Alba Iulia ………………………………………………….……….… 1 punct
- GH]YROW vQY WXUD RUWRGR[ GHVSUH 6I 6FULSWXU FUHGLQ IDSWHOH
EXQH %LVHULF 7DLQH 1DúWHUHD 6ILQ LORU úL LFRDQHORU «««« 2 puncte
- DUDW FXP OXFUDX %LVHULFLOH 2UWRGR[H GLQ DUD 5RPkQHDVF úL 0ROGRYD

SHQWUX PHQ LQHUHD XQLW LL QD LRQDOH úL VSLULWXDOH D SRSRUXOXL URPkQ
……………………………………………………...……………….. 2 puncte
- claritatea structurii textului (introducere – cuprins – concluzii) ……... 1 punct
- utilizarea limbajului teologic ……………………………………………. 1 punct
TOTAL: 100 puncte
81
%LEOLRJUDILHVHOHFWLY
1. *** - “%LEOLD VDX 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU´ (G ,QVWLWXWXOXL %LEOLF úL GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL
2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH %XFXUHúWL
2. %UDQLúWH ( ³/LWXUJLFD WHRUHWLF ”, manual pentru seminariile teologice, Ed.

,QVWLWXWXOXL %LEOLF úL GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH %XFXUHúWL
3. Carey, M. L. - “Measuring and Evaluating School Learning” Second edition,

University of South Florida, Allyn and Bacon, Boston
4. Cleopa, I. - “&OX] vQ FUHGLQ D RUWRGR[´ (G 7LPSXO ,DúL
5. Doicescu, R. - “Ghid de evaluare pentru istorie´ (G 3UR*QRVLV %XFXUHúWL
6. Gronlund, N. - “Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching” Ed. a IV-a, Macmillan
Publisting Co. Inc., New York, 1981
7. Gronlund, N. - “Assessment of student achievement” Sisth edition, 1998, University
of Ilinios, Allyn and Bacon, Boston
8. Muha, C. - “&DLHW GH UHOLJLH SHQWUX HOHYL FDGUH GLGDFWLFH úL SULQ L” – clasele I, a II-a,
D ,,,D D ,9D (G ³6I 0HVLD´ ,DúL
9. 2 HW ) /L RLX 16SLQHDQX'REURW 6 ³*KLG GH HYDOXDUH SHQWUX úWLLQ H VRFLR
umane´ (G 3UR*QRVLV %XFXUHúWL

10. 3FXUDULX 0 ³Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române´ (G 3. %XFXUHúWL
11. Ramureanu, I. - “Istoria Bisericii Universale”, manual pentru seminariile teologice,.
(G ,QVWLWXWXOXL %LEOLF úL GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH %XFXUHúWL
12. Stoica, A. - “*KLG JHQHUDO GH HYDOXDUH úL H[DPLQDUH´ (G $UDPLV %XFXUHúWL
13. Stoica, A. - “5HIRUPD HYDOXULL vQ vQY PkQW´ (G 6LJPD %XFXUHúWL
14. Stoica, A. - “(YDOXDUHD FXUHQW úL H[DPHQHOH ” ghid pentru profesori, Ed. Pro-
*QRVLV %XFXUHúWL
15. ùHOHX 6 2SULú 0 2SULú ' ³0HWRGLFD SUHG ULL UHOLJLHL ”, Ed. Reîntregirea, Alba
Iulia, 2000
16. Sf. Teofilact - “Comentar la Evanghelia de la Ioan”, Ed. Pelerinul Român, Oradea,
1998
17. Sf. Teofilact al Bulgariei - “7DOFXLUHD 6ILQWHORU (YDQJKHOLL GH OD 0DWHL úL 0DUFX ”, Ed.
3. %XFXUHúWL
18. 7RGRUDQ ,
= JUHDQ , ³7HRORJLH GRJPDWLF ”, manual pentru seminariile
WHRORJLFH (G ,QVWLWXWXOXL %LEOLF úL GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH
%XFXUHúWL
19. 7RIDQ 6 ³Introducere în studiul Noului Testament”, Vol. 1, Ed. “Presa

8QLYHUVLWDU &OXMHDQ´ &OXM1DSRFD
20. =JUHDQ , ³0RUDOD FUHúWLQ ”, manual pentru seminariile teologice, Ed. Institutului
%LEOLF úL GH 0LVLXQH DO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH %XFXUHúWL
21. *** - “3DUDEROHOH úL vQY WXULOH 'RPQXOXL QRVWUX ,LVXV +ULVWRV ”, Ed. Saeculum I.O.,
(G 9HVWDOD %XFXUHúWL
22. *** - “&XUULFXOXP QD LRQDO ± 3URJUDPH úFRODUH SHQWUX FODVHOH ,9,,, &XOWXO 2UWRGR[ ”
9ROXPXO 9,, 0LQLVWHUXO (GXFD LHL 1D LRQDOH &RQVLOLXO 1D LRQDO SHQWUX &XUULFXOXP (G
&LFHUR %XFXUHúWL
23. *** - “Curriculum pentru religie, clasa a IX-a, a X-a, a XI-a, a XII-a”, Cultul Ortodox,
SURJUDPD DSUREDW GH 6I 6LQRG úL &RQVLOLXO 1D LRQDO SHQWUX &XUULFXOXP
82

Ghid Evaluare Religie

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SERVICIUL NA,21$/'((9$/8$5(ù,(;$0,1$5(

GHID DE EVALUARE PENTRU

Prof. gr. I Mihaela PANOSCHI

Prof. gr. I Mihaela PANOSCHI

Capitolul 3 - Itemi semiobiectivi ...........................................................................................34

&DSLWROXO   ,WHPL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV ..........................................................4338

%LEOLRJUDILH VHOHFWLY ..............................................................................................................82

SHQWUX FDGUHOH GLGDFWLFH GH VSHFLDOLWDWH vQ UHDOL]DUHD FX VXFFHV D DFWLYLW LORU SUHVXSXVH

GH GHVIúXUDUHD SURFHVXOXL GH HYDOXDUH D SHUIRUPDQ HORU HOHYLORU vQ SUDFWLFD úFRODU

• V IDPLOLDUL]H]H FDGUHOH GLGDFWLFH GH VSHFLDOLWDWH FX SUREOHPHOH VSHFLILFH HYDOXULL

• V GHVFULH PHWRGH úL LQVWUXPHQWH GH HYDOXDUH XWLOL]DELOH vQ SUDFWLFD úFRODU

FHORUODOWH JHQHUkQG R DGHYUDW UHDF LH vQ ODQ  FDUH LPSXQH UHYHQLULOH úL UHYL]XLULOH

necesare. De aceea, SUHGDUHDvQY DUHDHYDOXDUHD WUHEXLH SURLHFWDWH vQ DFHODúL

Evaluarea, ca activitate în sine, cuprinde trei etape principale:

proiecte, portofolii etc.);

• aprecierea acestor rezultate pe baza unor criterii unitare (bareme de

WRWDOLWDWHD LORU SULQ FDUH VH FROHFWHD] RUJDQL]HD]

RE LQXWH vQ XUPD DSOLFULL XQRU LQVWUXPHQWH GH PVXUDUH

ÌQJHQHUDOHYDOXDUHDSHUIRUPDQHORUHOHYLORUDUHXUPWRarele IXQF LL:

I.2. 5HOD LDHYDOXDUHFXUHQWH[DPHQH

'LQ DFHDVW XOWLP SHUVSHFWLY UHOD LD HYDOXULL FXUHQWHFRQWLQXH FX

H[DPHQHORU FHHD FH vQVHDPQ F

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LPSRUWDQWH DOH HOHYLORU GDU JUHX GH GHPRQVWUDW vQ VLWXD LD GH H[DPHQ H[HPSOX

VLVWHPXO GH vQY PvQW GLQ $QJOLD 

'LQ DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY SHQWUX LQWHJUDUHD HYDOXULL FXUHQWH FX H[DPHQHOH

I.3. Metode de evaluare

D DOWHUQD WLSXO vQWUHEULORU úL JUDGXO ORU GH GLILFXOWDWH vQ IXQF LH GH FDOLWDWHD UVSXQVXULORU

RIHULWH GH FWUH HOHY

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Principalele metode complementare de evaluare DO FURU SRWHQLDO

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SRW IL XWLOL]DWH DWkW SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD SURFHVXOXL FkW úL D SURGXVHORU

UHDOL]DWH GH HOHYL VXUSULQ]kQG DWkW RELHFWLYUL FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH DOH GRPHQLXOXL FRJQLWLY

FkW úL DOH GRPHQLL DIHFWLY úL SVLKRPRWRU

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- DVLJXUDUHD XQXL GHPHUV LQWHUDFWLY DO DFWXOXL GH SUHGDUHvQYDUH

SURLHFWDUH úL UHDOL]DUH D DF LXQLL HYDOXDWLYH GH OD VWDELOLUHD RELHFWLYHORU GH HYDOXDUH úL SkQ

Validitatea XQXL WHVW HVWH H[SULPDW GH DFXUDWH HD FX FDUH WHVWXO UHVSHFWLY

LQWHUHVHOH HOHYLORU GH DELOLW LOH DFHVWRUD VDX GH ODWXUD DIHFWLYDWLWXGLQDO D SHUVRQDOLW LL

HOHYLORU $FHVWH DVSHFWH QX SRW IL PVXUDWH vQ PRG GLUHFW

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XQ WHVW FDUH PVRDUD JUDGXO GH H[HUVDUH DO XQXL DOJRULWP GH DQDOL] JUDPDWLFDO QX

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LPSRUWDQ D GLIHULWHORU DVSHFWH DOH FRQ LQXWXOXL OD FDUH IDFH UHIHULUH

În continuare vom face referire la câteva tipuri de validitate:

2. Validitatea de construct H[SULP DFXUDWHHD FX FDUH WHVWXO PVRDU

3. VDOLGLWDWHD FRQFXUHQW IDFH UHIHULUH OD FRQFRUGDQD GLQWUH UH]XOWDWHOH

4. 9DOLGLWDWHD SUHGLFWLY YL]HD] PVXUD vQ FDUH WHVWXO SRDWH IDFH

Fidelitatea UHSUH]LQW calitatea unui test de a produce rezultate

Obiectivitatea UHSUH]LQW JUDGXO GH FRQFRUGDQ vQWUH DSUHFLHULOH IFXWH

Aplicabilitatea VDX YDOLGLWDWHD GH DSOLFDUH GHVHPQHD] calitatea unui

1.5. Tipuri de itemi

trei mari categorii:

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- LWHPL FX DOHJHUH GXDO DGHYUDWIDOV GDQX FRUHFWLQFRUHFW 

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&DSLWROXO ,WHPL VXELHFWLYL FX UVSXQV GHVFKLV ..........................................................4338

FHORUODOWH JHQHUkQG R DGHYUDW UHDF LH vQ ODQ FDUH LPSXQH UHYHQLULOH úL UHYL]XLULOH

necesare. De aceea, SUHGDUHDvQY DUHDHYDOXDUHD WUHEXLH SURLHFWDWH vQ DFHODúL

WRWDOLWDWHD LORU SULQ FDUH VH FROHFWHD] RUJDQL]HD]

ÌQJHQHUDOHYDOXDUHDSHUIRUPDQHORUHOHYLORUDUHXUPWRarele IXQF LL:

I.2. 5HOD LDHYDOXDUHFXUHQWH[DPHQH

'LQ DFHDVW XOWLP SHUVSHFWLY UHOD LD HYDOXULL FXUHQWHFRQWLQXH FX

H[DPHQHORU FHHD FH vQVHDPQ F

QHFHVLWkQG XQ WLPS PDL OXQJ GH HODERUDUH úL GH OXFUX úL FDUH WHVWHD] FDSDFLW L

LPSRUWDQWH DOH HOHYLORU GDU JUHX GH GHPRQVWUDW vQ VLWXD LD GH H[DPHQ H[HPSOX

VLVWHPXO GH vQY PvQW GLQ $QJOLD

'LQ DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY SHQWUX LQWHJUDUHD HYDOXULL FXUHQWH FX H[DPHQHOH

RIHULWH GH FWUH HOHY

SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D FODULILFD úL FRUHFWD LPHGLDW HYHQWXDOHOH HURUL VDX

Principalele metode complementare de evaluare DO FURU SRWHQLDO

SRW IL XWLOL]DWH DWkW SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD SURFHVXOXL FkW úL D SURGXVHORU

UHDOL]DWH GH HOHYL VXUSULQ]kQG DWkW RELHFWLYUL FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH DOH GRPHQLXOXL FRJQLWLY

FkW úL DOH GRPHQLL DIHFWLY úL SVLKRPRWRU

z )LúD GH HYDOXDUH HVWH FRPSOHWDW GH FWUH SURIHVRU vQ HD

z Lista de control/verificare GHúL SDUH DVHPQWRDUH FX VFDUD GH

3ULQWUH FDSDFLWLOH HOHYLORU SRVLELO GH HYDOXDW SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO DFHVWHL

vQ UDSRUW FX DELOLW LOH úL FDSDFLW LOH SH FDUH DFHúWLD OH GH LQ SUHFXP úL D

- DVLJXUDUHD XQXL GHPHUV LQWHUDFWLY DO DFWXOXL GH SUHGDUHvQYDUH

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LQWHUHVHOH HOHYLORU GH DELOLW LOH DFHVWRUD VDX GH ODWXUD DIHFWLYDWLWXGLQDO D SHUVRQDOLW LL

HOHYLORU $FHVWH DVSHFWH QX SRW IL PVXUDWH vQ PRG GLUHFW

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HOHPHQWHORU GH OLPE úL DELD vQ SODQ VHFXQGDU FHOH SUHVXSXVH GH DQDOL]D JUDPDWLFDO

LPSRUWDQ D GLIHULWHORU DVSHFWH DOH FRQ LQXWXOXL OD FDUH IDFH UHIHULUH

2. Validitatea de construct H[SULP DFXUDWHHD FX FDUH WHVWXO PVRDU

3. VDOLGLWDWHD FRQFXUHQW IDFH UHIHULUH OD FRQFRUGDQD GLQWUH UH]XOWDWHOH

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