Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Activities
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POWERING THE NATION
Switchgear Condition Monitoring Techniques
Maintenance Tests/Condition (Tier 1) Condition Indicator
Thermography 1
Ultrasonic Scanning 2
SF6 Gas Leakage Emission 3
Partial Discharge (TEV) 4
Breaker Wear Out (not implemented yet) 5
Operation and Maintenance Performance 6
Age 7
Bushing Tan δ
THERMOGRAPHIC INSPECTION
Bushing Tan δ
ULTRASONIC INSPECTION
– Internal Discharge
• Voids in insulation material
– Surface Discharge
• Surface Tracking
• Dry Banding
– Corona
• Usually revealed by a relatively steady glow or brush discharge in air 10
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20-29 dB
> 1 dB
>29 dB
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• Airborne ultrasonic sensors will work best when there is a clear and direct
air path from the sensor to the partial discharge site
• The typical frequency response will be 100KHz center frequency and 3dB
bandwidth of ±20KHz
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Corona
Tracking
Arcing
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Switchgear Condition Monitoring Techniques
Maintenance Tests/Condition (Tier 1) Condition Indicator
Thermography 1
Ultrasonic Scanning 2
SF6 Gas Leakage Emission 3
Partial Discharge (TEV) 4
Breaker Wear Out (not implemented yet) 5
Operation and Maintenance Performance 6
Age 7
Bushing Tan δ
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HV BUSBAR
DISCHARGE
EM WAVE
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Earth Voltage wave
POWERING THE NATION 18
Switchgear CBM activities
• Transient Earth Voltage (TEV)
• The amplitude of the TEV measurement is a function of the
amplitude of the discharge and the attenuation of the
propagation path.
• The amplitude is displayed on the instrument, measured in
dBmV, hence the measurement is a relative indication only
• Method of measurement – using TEV probe, place flat onto
metallic surface of the switchgear and record the reading
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Fig 1: Hotspot on a cable termination at PPU Desa Fig 2: Tracking pada terminal kabel
Tun Razak 33kV Tx1 di PPU Pdg Menora
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Fig 3 : 3T0 PDS - PMU Prai GIS Fig 4: Tracking on bus spout-PMU Fig 5: Tracking on cable-
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Pandamaran PPU Midland Park
More anomalies
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PDS
POWERING THE NATION Busbar 1122kV Rekahan VT
Switchgear Condition Monitoring Techniques
Maintenance Tests/Condition (Tier 1) Condition Indicator
Thermography 1
Ultrasonic Scanning 2
SF6 Gas Leakage Emission 3
Partial Discharge (TEV) 4
Breaker Wear Out (not implemented yet) 5
Operation and Maintenance Performance 6
Age 7
Bushing Tan δ
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POWERING THE NATION 26
SF6 Gas Leak Detection
What to Scan
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Bushing Tan δ
CB TIMING TEST
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2. To monitor the DC voltage drop during a trip operation when the trip coil is
Energized.
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31
Trip Hook
Unlatches
Time ms
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• Conduct test
a) Breaker timing test for CLOSE-OPEN sequence.
b) Breaker timing test for OPEN-CLOSE sequence.
c) Breaker timing for OPEN-DELAY-CLOSE-OPEN sequence.
d) Breaker timing for CLOSE-OPEN-CLOSE sequence.
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• Analyze results
a) Contact closing time.
b) Contact opening time.
c) Contact travel.
d) Contact chattering.
e) Trip coil Current Profile.
f ) Close coil Current Profile.
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POWERING THE NATION 38
Off-Line Breaker Analyzer Test Set Up
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DOUBLE
CLICK HERE
17 dB
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Fig 5 – Presence of dry banding & surface tracking on the CT bushings ( Red phase )
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POWERING THE NATION 47 Fig 6 – Presence of oxidation on cable terminals and earth switch ( yellow phase )
PMU GONG BADAK, TERENGGANU
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Fig 3. Panel 31 & GCB truck – forced drawn Fig 4. Panel 31 & GCB truck – forced drawn
by Bomba to facilitate extinguishing of fire by Bomba to facilitate extinguishing of fire
POWERING THE NATION 57
Fig 7. Remnants of CB conducting arms after Fig 8. CB spouts with burnt through arcing holes.
withdrawal of GCB truck Circuit & Busbar Spout looks ok
Fig 9. Cable
compartment
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Fig 10. VT compartment of panel 31
POWERING THE NATION 58
Flashover of 11kV AIS TAMCO VCB
Fig.1. Front Overview of 11kV panels in Fig.2. Rear Overview of 11kV panels
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Fig.3. Cable and CB compartment of panel 7
POWERING THE NATION 60
PMU DAMANSARA HEIGHTS
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