CHAPTER 3

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter describes the analysis of the gathered data followed by a discussion

of findings. The findings involves to the research question that guides the study. The

qualitative data were analyzed to relate the relationship of folk song to the culture and

heritage of Ilokano. The findings will also be supported by the related studies.

Method of Data Analysis

Narrative analysis method was used to identify the dominant opinions of the

respondents to the questionnaires. It depends about using people's personal stories and

experiences to design the questionnaire.

Demographics of Interviewees

There are 10 respondents from the Bachelor of Culture and Arts Education of Don

Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – South La Union Campus, from second year

to third year college. 7 male and 3 female, they were chosen based on the given criteria

for consistency.
Research Findings

This part of the chapter presents the findings and analysis of the gathered data

acquire from the respondents on the relationship of folk songs to the culture and heritage

of the Ilokanos which involved to the statement of the problem.

Ilokano cultures presented in the selected folk song

1.A Affectionate: Sincerity is success

The act of love and caring is common among Filipinos; however, in Ilokanos,

loving is only one of many behaviors or cultures. Which reveals that hearing to their folk

song will instill in the consciousness of listeners the ideology they are attempting to

convey. Folk music has a community root where people would gather together listen and

sing the stories of their lives (Backman, 2016). As Vince mentioned that “’yong

paglalambing ng mga Ilokano, ‘yong kultura nating mapagmahal”. In addition, Eden

agreed on the statement of Vince, “ang pwede kong masabi is mapagmahal”.

Ilokano folk songs are straightforward compositions that convey love, culture, and

lessons, according to their statement. These findings and interpretation are in line with

Dela Cruz's (2017) findings in his study "Kankanta: Ilokano Folk Songs' Content and

Structural Analysis and Translation," which found that Ilokanos' folk songs are mainly

for expressing aspirations in life and expressing people's emotions, as seen in love songs.

Their culture, which focuses on the side of their loved ones, is exemplified by loving and

sincerity. When it came to courtship, they were genuine in a way they called

"paghaharana” as has been mentioned by Jay-ar “iyong panliligaw, ‘yong paghaharana”.

“Paghaharana” is the use of an instrument and voice to attract a lady, as well as a show
of respect for the lady's family, and it is performed on the lady's home. A statement

supported by the study of Anderson (2015) that “the girl he is serenading would open her

window and gave her heart to him”.

When doing the "paghaharana," there is a behavior of being honest about what

you're doing, as Jerry mentioned this: "ang behavior doon is 'yong pagiging sincere nila.".

Moreover, Clevin agreed that “paghaharana” should have “pagiging sincere ng isang

tao”. They all recognized that several of the Ilokanos' behaviors is “paghaharana” and

therefore should be performed with sincerity. One of the answers to earning someone's

love is sincerity. When someone is truthful and sincere in their communication and

actions about their emotions, opinions, and desires. The relationship between

"paghaharana" and honesty will have a significant effect on intimacy performance.

1.B Self-restraint: The ability to wait

"Patience is a virtue," the adage declares. Self-restraint will help achieve better

results in everything. Ilokanos are dreamers who make all kinds of plans for their lives,

but those plans don't always go as expected. They must be patient and wait for the right

time to decide in this manner. Eden mentioned that “may patience ‘yong mga Iloko”

which agreed by Jomari mentioned that “’yong pagiging matiyaga sa isang bagay na

gusto mong makamit”. Both of the respondents accord that Ilokanos has a habit of being

patient with anything they intend to do. Despite their hardships, the Ilokanos are working

hard to achieve their goals since they are determined. These findings was supported by

the previous article of Benabese (2020) “Ilokanos are popularly known to be industrious,

thrifty, generous, kind, patient and God-fearing”. In addition, according to Rabago

(2021), “the value of patience is manifested by the villagers as they wait for the return of
the bangkas (fishing boats) ashore to share whatever the fisher folks were able to catch in

the sea.” Fishing is one of the well-known occupation of the Ilokanos. Since Ilokanos

sails for several days before returning ashore, fishing was included in the patience

behavior. When they're at sea, they're waiting for their bail to be filled with various types

of fish which is considered as self-restraint.

1.C Positivity: Anything is possible

 To have hope is to wish for a positive result that will improve your life in some

way. It could not only make a difficult current situation more manageable, but it can also

change our life in the long run because contemplating a positive world inspires you to

take the measures necessary to make it a reality. As Eden said "hopeful ‘yong mga tai

dati kasi doon sa buhay may trials and they still believe that there will be guidance or

success in the future," Clevin "’yong positivity po tsaka ‘yong pagiging hoeful ng mga

Ilokano," and Irene "pagiging hopeful," Ilokanos has this behavior. Ilokanos, according to

the three respondents, is optimistic considering the trials. Everyone expects something

could happen. It is a part of what it means to be human. Hope is a component of self

about our lives that we all have going through our heads, and it helps us decide what we

really want for our futures. Same of what Villanueva (2019) said that, “Ilokanos’ folk

song are full of hopefulness.” There are particular folk song of Ilokano which

communicates hopefulness.

Moreover, Rio also mentioned that Ilokanos are “consistent, ‘yong ayaw nilang

sumuko sa kung ano ang gusto nila” which agreed by Jay-ar “behavior dito is ‘yong hindi

pagsuko”. Ilokanos are not easily discouraged from pursuing their goals. Ilokanos are

hopeful not only about their dreams, but also about their religiosity. They are looking for
the best advice and success possible for their traditional occupations. “The people were

able to come up with the value of hopefulness as manifested in giving honor and praise to

their patron saint before planting, during the farming season and after harvest, Rabago

(2021).

1.D Well mannered: The rule of thumb

The term "rule of thumb" refers to a general concept that is not meant to be

perfectly correct or consistent in any case. It refers to a protocol or standard that is simple

to understand and apply and is based on practical practice rather than ideology.

Respecting elders is an example of a rule of thumb that should come naturally to all but

must be learned at some stage. Family centeredness is present in Iloko folk songs to

remind listeners to always respect their elders. Clevin mentioned that Ilokanos have

“respect at ‘yong concern”, Ilokanos are family driven which explains their respectful

demeanor. In addition, Irene utters “laging pakikinig sa payo ng nakatatanda” which

means listening to the prescription of elders is remark as respect. The socio-cultural

values of courtesy and respect to elders are other important cultural values, Rabago

(2021).

Furthermore, Rusty bring up “para sa akin pwedeng behavior doon is ‘yong

pagiging polite nila” which correspond by Jerry “’yong behavior doon ay ‘yong pagiging

polite nila”. These point of view informs that being respectful means being courteous to

others. When somebody is courteous, they are respectful. When interacting with others,

one example of being respectful is to respect the individual, particularly when

communicating with elders. Noviana and Atur (2020), language politeness shows the
character of respect, or it can be said also that the character of respect can be

demonstrated through language politeness.

Younger generation of Iloko community perceive Iloko heritage and culture

through folk song.

2. A Adventure: The value of experience

Experience is skill or expertise in a certain job or activity that have learned over a

long period of time. An experience is something which is done or something that

happened, especially significant that has an impact. There are different types of learning

an entity; the auditory, the visual and application. Experience is in line in application

which tells that we can learn things by doing or experiencing it physically. The younger

generation perceive the Iloko heritage and culture through folk songs by experiencing it.

As Jay-ar mentioned “kapag nararanasan na nila ‘yong kanta”, Jay-ar’s point of view is

on the part of the younger generation which experience the content of the song physically

which is the main focus of the folk song was the events of the past for-which the absence

of the younger generation. Like Irene tells “kasi ‘yong mga kanta galling sa experience

ng mga matatanda”, by listening and understanding the folk music, there are times that

the lyrics are actually the experience happened before that supports by the study of

Schafer, 2013, intense experiences that change the listener’s state of consciousness and

are accompanied by strong feelings of happiness have affected humans across the ages.

Folk music is very relatable especially when comprehending the content as Rio

mentioned “may mga salita kasi ng Iloko na medyo naiintindihan ng ibang tao kasi

related”. Rio utters that there are jargons in the folk song which other Iloko can
understand and they can relate it to themselves or their own experience. The statement

which agreed by Jerry, “naiintindihan nila ‘yon kasi nairerelate nila ‘yong kanilang

sarili”. As mentioned above, the younger generation of the Iloko relates themselves to

their own folk music although it is obsolete yet they can relate about it. As they listen to a

folk song and find something to connect to, they gain a deeper understanding of the

song’s meaning. Deeper understanding comes with feelings or an imagination of a

scenario for a better comprehension. This idea was supported by the statement of Eden

“naiintindihan sa pamamagitan ng feelings natin or imagination”. As mentioned above,

there are types of learning, which this statement is under the application learning. It can

lead to a deeper understanding after it has been learned. With the help of emotions and

imagination as well. Study that is supported by findings of Hargreaves, 2012, since

nothing is ever present to the mind but perceptions, and since all ideas are derived from

something antecedently present to the mind, it follows, that 'tis impossible for us so much

as to conceive or form an idea of anything specifically different from ideas and

impressions. Moreover, Trehub et al, 2015, music everywhere is believed to affect our

emotions, to involve some kind of arousal, ranging all the way from mild pleasure or

displeasure to profoundly transformed states of consciousness.

2.B Newborn: Encourage to ideas and concepts

A concept that has been transformed into a tangible reality is known as an

invention. This is a product, process, or business model that has been enabled in the

marketplace and is generating new sales and development for the company. This

statement focuses on the innovative ideas of the business industry but the new ideas also

is present on the folk music especially to the point of view of the younger generation. The
younger generation perceived the Iloko folk song as Eden mentioned “iyong sa sound

lang, minsan hindi nakaka-attract kaya masasbi kong boring” which agreed by Clevin “sa

mga kabataan ngayon ang dating sa kanila ng mga kantang Ilokano ay parang weird”.

Their statement of being boring and weird are for the younger generation who’s not into

folk song and are first time hearing the song. It will sound boring because the younger

generation already have their own taste in music which is folk song are not included.

Therefore the traditional music for them is not interesting in fact that they can’t relate on

the lyrics unlike the songs in this generation in particular to those who have a catchy

lyrics where the younger generation can relate. Moreover, it is weird for the younger

generation because the story that the folk song is communicating are the ones who is not

experiencing by them. The findings that supported by Berryhill, 2021, folk music has

been around from hundreds, but most songs seemed to be slow and somewhat boring or

depressing. If today’s generation will listen to folk songs, they will find them dull and

strange since they are unfamiliar with them.

Looking on the other side of the coin, Irene mentioned “hindi na siya boring

ngayon kasi ganoon pala siya”, Irene’s point is understanding what a folk song means

and how important it is, isn’t boring. Listening the folk song is not enough, studying them

also helps to dig deeper on their meaning and applying them in daily living can assist the

younger generation to have their interest to the folk song of Iloko. In fact that, Iloko

music are also telling a story of the Ilokanos before and it can be used as an instrument to

make a great decision in the present for the future. Idea that supports by Suley et al, 2016,

musical regularities often leads to an advantage in understanding emotions.

Folk songs maintain Iloko heritage and culture survival

3.A Dissemination: The value of sharing

It's the joy they experience when they see the joy they've brought to someone else.

Sharing not only brings us pleasure, but it also teaches us the value of looking after

others. Simple words can also make someone feel special and cared for, making the

person who said them happy in return. The younger generation’s way in maintaining the

folk song is through sharing. Folk song is not enough to maintain the Iloko heritage and

culture, it needs an assistance of the younger generation for they are the one who will

continue the legacy left by the ancestors. Their innovative ideas can help in maintaining

the Iloko heritage and culture. the possible way in maintaining is sharing, as Clevin

introduce “’yong continue na lang po siguro ‘yong pag-share at pag-appreciate po ng mga

baga na iniwan” which agreed by Vince “I am sharing ‘yong message ng mga kanta” and

Jomari “ mas makakabuti rin na mai-share ko ang mga nalalaman ko”. One of the

potential explanations of folk song and culture’s survaival is simply sharing information

about it. The respondents are students of BCAED which is major in culture and arts, they

have a knowledge about everything under culture and arts and one of it was the folk

songs. They said that simply sharing the importance and meaning of the folk song can

maintain the existence of Iloko heritage and culture. Findings related to the study of

Ahmad et al, 2019, knowledge sharing is defined as the exchange of task-related

information, advice, and expertise to help others and to collaborate with others to carry

out daily tasks, solve problems and develop new ideas.

As is customary, the oral tradition, Jay-ar mentioned “pasa-pasa tulad ng

pagkukwento, pagtuturo, pagkanta sa mga folk songs at maaaring iparinig sa kanila “.

Passing down folk songs to future generation assists in the preservation of folk music and
culture. But first we need to introduce the folk song to the younger generation who don’t

have knowledge about it like Rio mentioned “Introduce ‘yong mga kantang Iloko folk

song sakanila.” Introducing folk song to future generation would also ensure the

longevity of our folk music and culture. Introducing what folk song can do to maintain

the Iloko culture and heritage to the younger generation will give them an initiative to do

whatever they can to assist their culture and heritage. Folk songs expand students'

vocabulary and help them better assimilate, Pimenova et al, 2016. Since virtual world is

present, this can be used in introducing and sharing the meaning of folk song to the

younger generation and the younger generation to the future. As Jerry mentioned:

“maaari kong gawin ay magpost or magshare sa mga social media patungkol dito,

lalo na ngayon karamihan sa atin ay gumagamit ng social media platforms katulad ng

Facebook at YouTube… kung simpleng pag-share at pag-post lang ng mga idea

patungkol sa mga culture natin ay nakakatulong ito upang makaunawa ang mga iba

patungkol sa iba’t-ibang culture”

Considering technology is so prevalent today, it can be used to share everything what

culture has to offer. Moreover, the virtual world can disseminate faster information and

can reach millions of audiences that can assist the folk songs to conserve or maintain the

Iloko culture and heritage. Everyone can do the sharing and there’s a big possibility that

the Iloko culture and heritage can be preserve through folk songs.  Technology has

presented unique opportunities and challenges for many industries, some of which have

thrived by effectively digitizing their operations and services, Schindler et al, 2017.

3.B Education: Most powerful weapon

 For youth to create opportunities for themselves, education is critical. We

encourage them and assist them in completing their education. All should have access to

education. Personal growth is essential and they are the future's founders. Another way in

maintaining the Iloko culture and heritage is through education. Educating the younger

generation about the importance of the folk songs and the true meaning of it can

encourage them to preserve the treasure of their ancestors. As Jay-ar mentioned “mama-

maintain nila ito mula sa kanilang guro sa pag-aaral nila” which agreed by Vince “this is

by learning the song not just the lyrics kundi ano nga ba talaga ‘yong ibig sabihin ng

kantang iyon”. Both of the respondents utters that learning the folk song in different sides

of it can help the younger generation to maintain the folk song. If a person understands

the real meaning of a certain topic can build their interest to disseminate it also to others.

Education polishes our mind, reinforces our thoughts, and strengthens our character and

behaviors toward others, Al-Shuaibi, 2014.

To preserve folk song and music, learning it and take it as face value so that it can

continue to flourish through us. Jerry introduced that “mas maigi din dapat na mag-gain

tayo ng mga knowledge about culture para maiwasan ang pagkalimot at lumago ito sa

atin”. Jerry’s point of view is, treasure all the things in studying and apply it in real life.

Growing is a part of it, by growing there are possibilities that the younger generation can

create a better place for traditional music. Treasuring them is one of many ways in

maintaining the Iloko culture and heritage. Micheal utters “as a future educator at

kabilang na rin sa kultura, kung pupwede kong ituro lahat ng folk song”. The respondents

are future educator of culture and arts, they can used it as a tool in presenting the folk

songs to the younger and future generation. As an expression of culture and identity, this
kind of music can be deemed as the heritage of the local community in its entirety, and

derives from musical practices transmitted orally and repeated over a long period of time

by a group of people, who, in so doing, keep their traditions alive, Carugno, 2018.

Micheal utters “as a future educator at kabilang na rin sa kultura, kung pupwede kong

ituro lahat ng folk song”. The respondents are future educator of culture and arts, they

can used it as a tool in presenting the folk songs to the younger and future generation.
 CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Chapter 4 contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation of the whole

study. The summary highlights the study's results without providing too much detail. The

conclusion will include generalizations and other interfering factors, as well as the

researchers' recommendations to the study's beneficiaries. In general, the aim of this

chapter is to conceal the study's final result.

Summary

The main purpose of the study is to determine the relevance of Ilokano folk songs

to the culture and heritage of the Ilokano, and tries to proliferate the analysis to the

generation at the moment. The researcher gave different samples of Ilokano folk songs

for the respondents. Therefore, the researcher come up with four Iloko cultures presented

in the song which is the sincerity, patient, hopeful and respectful. Sincerity, for the

Ilokano folk song are much more telling a story about love for the family, special

someone and culture. Patient, Ilokanos are patient in all the things they want to achieve

especially with their own dream. Hopeful, they are hopeful even if everything is not

manageable they are still hoping to have a good life for themselves and for their family.
They are willing to take a risk only to achieve their dreams. Respectful, every Ilokano

have this kind of behavior. They are courteous to everyone, in school, at home and other

occasions. Being respectful of the Ilokanos are one of the assets they have.

Since this paper is more on negotiating with the younger generation, they also

have their own perception on Ilokano culture and heritage through folk songs. Experience

is the best teacher they say, it is what the younger generation perceive the Ilokano culture

and heritage. When they hear a certain folk song and it is very relatable to them, they will

have more interest to the song because they are experiencing it. New ideas, for the

respondents the Ilokano folk songs are newborn for it is the first they’ve been hearing the

sample and the find it weird or boring. But some of them are knowledgeable about the

folk songs that they understand how important it is to their lives.

With Jose Rizal’s famous line, “the youth is the hope of our future”, the study

also gather data about maintaining the Ilokano culture and heritage through folk song but

they couldn’t do it without the help of the younger generation. By simply sharing the true

meaning and importance of folk songs to the future generation can help in boosting the

message of the younger generation to conserve the Ilokano culture and heritage through

folk songs. Another way is by educating the younger generation of what the Ilokano folk

song can do to the future generation. By education, the younger generation have this big

possibilities in creating an innovative ideas on how to maintain the culture and heritage of

the Ilokano not only through the use of folk song but also to the other legacy which have

been left by the ancestors.

Conclusion
 The researcher therefore conclude that the younger generation can help the culture

and heritage of the Ilokano through folk song. By giving them questions during the

interview, the respondents are very informative on their opinions. The study observe the

willingness of the younger generation to conserve the Ilokano culture and heritage

through folk songs. It was found that, based on the opinions of the respondent the Ilokano

folk songs will have a big possibility in existing until the future generation. By the

assumptions of the respondent as part of the younger generation can be used as basis on

maintaining the subject matter up into the future.

To conclude, the study aims are achieve in fact that in a small amount of time,

some of the younger generation which is the respondents have the chance to reflect on

what if the folk song didn’t exist to the future generation? What will happen to the pieces

of history? Moreover, the study reveal some of the side of Ilokanos others didn’t know

about. Hopefully the study contributed in an understanding of the younger generation

about the importance of folk song and can attract them to assist its existence in the future.

Recommendations

Recommendation for Future Researches

The following recommendations are offered for related research in the field of

communication, culture and arts. These are light recommendation only to the future

researches.

1. Improving the researches about culture and arts.

2. Existence of folk songs in the future.

 3. Experience of the younger generation in applying the cultures present in the folk

song.

4. How the new generation does affects the old generation.

APPENDICES

INTERVIEW GUIDE DEVELOPMENT

NEGOTIATING TWO GENERATIONS: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF ILOCANO
CULTURE AND HERITAGE THROUGH FOLK SONGS
LARON, RAVEN O.

Concept Definition Reference A priori Interview questions

codes
Culture and Culture refers to the Hofstede, G.
Heritage cumulative deposit of (1997). Cultures What kind of behaviour you
knowledge, experience, and Behaviour are trying to imply on the
beliefs, values, Organizations: Iloko folk song?
attitudes, meanings, Software of the
hierarchies, religion, mind. New York: Attitude How did this folk song can
notions of time, roles, McGraw Hill change the attitude of the
spatial relations, younger generation?
concepts of the Understand
universe, and material How does the younger
objects and possessions generation understand the
acquired by a group of true meaning of the folk
people in the course of songs?
generations through
individual and group
striving.

Meaning Explanation of a view of Professor A.

a person, place, work, Balasubramanian, Interpretation How do you interpret the
thing, etc. Research Data way of living of the Iloko
Interpretation, before and now?
(2017
Perceived
How does the younger
The act or result of generation perceived the
interpreting Iloko culture and heritage
Analysis through folk song?
Concept Definition Reference A priori Interview questions
codes

What analysis of Iloko

culture and heritage can you
introduce through the
certain folk song?

Ilokano A member of a people Christop

inhabiting north- her Fuster Generation How do you think the
western Luzon in the Bueno, The younger generation will
Philippines. Ilokano preserve the culture and
Philosophy and heritage of the Ilokano?
The Austronesian Culture: Its
language of the Ilocano, Relevance with What is your preference in
with over 5 million Mother Tongue maintaining the legacy that
speakers. Also called Based – our ancestors left to us?
Iloko. Multilingual
Education How do you perceive the
generation today will still
conserve the folk songs?

Negotiating Two Generations: An In-depth Analysis of Ilocano Culture and

Heritage through Folk Songs

Coding

In order to easily interpret the gathered data, the researcher use the coding.

Coding can assist the researcher in better performance analysis and summarization. To

methods of information assessments based on respondent’s feedback, researchers use

coding and other qualitative data collection methods.

Moreover, the researcher will use the Statement of the Problem of the study in

observing and analyzing the responses. This process can assist the researcher on its

Discussion and Findings.

Statement of the problem

This study will aim to analyze (i) the Iloko heritage and culture through folk

songs, and (ii) the efforts to safeguard it.

Based on these aims, this study will seek to answer the following research

questions:

1. What are the Iloko cultures presented in the selected folk songs?

2. How does the younger generation of Iloko community perceive Iloko heritage and

culture through folk songs?

3. How do folk songs maintain Iloko heritage and culture’s survival?

SOP #1
1. What are the Iloko cultures presented in the selected folk songs?
1.A
Participants Responses Interpretation Theme
Participant No. 2 …pagiging sincere po
ng isang tao
Participant No. 3 …panliligaw sa babae
noon nung behavior
nung babae, ‘yong Ilokanos are sincere
when it comes to
panliligaw, ‘yong
courtship.
paghaharana.
Participant No. 10 …behavior dun or
apply na behavior is
‘yong pagiging sincere Affectionate:
nila. Sincerity is
Participant No.1 …umm ‘yong attitude success
na pwede kong mai-ano Not only could
doon is mapagmahal or Ilokanos love their
lovable or loving neighbors, but they
Participant No. 4 …culture or behavior also care for their
ng isang Iloko ay culture.
pagiging umm kwan
siya umm pagiging
mapagmahal?
Participant No. 8 … mas bigyan natin ng
sweet behavior siya
yung paglalambing ng
mga Ilokano ‘yong
kultura nating
mapagmahal

1.B
Participants Responses Interpretation Theme
Participant No. 1 …may patience ‘yong
mga Iloko Ilokanos are patient. Self-restraint:
Participant No. 2 …Pamulinawen naman The ability to
po is yung patience, await
Participant No. 6 …‘yong pagiging Ilokanos have the
matiyaga sa mga bagay patience in
na gusto mong achieving anything.
makamit.

1.C

Participant Responses Interpretation Theme

Participant No. 1 …hopeful ‘yong mga
tao dati kasi dun sa
buhay kasi may trials
ganun umm they still
believe on that there Despite the trials, Positivity:
will be guidance or Ilokanos is hopeful. Anything is
success in future possible
Participant No. 2 …‘yong positivity
tsaka ‘yong pagiging
hopeful ng mga Ilokano
Participant No. 5 …pagiging hopeful.
Participant No. 3 …‘yong mai-aapply ko
naman na behavior dito Ilokanos are not
is ‘yong hindi pagsuko easily discouraged
Participant No. 4 …pagiging umm from pursuing their
consistent ba yungayaw goals.
nilang sumuko sa kung
ano ‘yong gusto nila

1.D

Participants Responses Interpretation Theme

Participant No. 2 …‘yong respect at Ilokanos are family
concern po. driven, which
explains their
 respectful demeanor. Well mannered:
…laging pakikinig sa Ilokanos' respect for The rule of
Participant No. 5 payo ng nakatatanda their elders is thumb
reflected in their
actions of listening
to them.
Participant No. 9 …para sa akin ang
puwedeng behaviour Ilokanos are
doon…uhm…’yong courteous to
pagiging polite everyone.
Participant No. 10 …’yong maia-apply pa
na behavior dun is
yung pagiging polite
nila

SOP #2
2. How does the younger generation of Iloko community perceive Iloko heritage
and culture through folk songs?
2.A

Participants Responses Interpretation Theme

Ilokanos interpret
Participant No. 1 …sa pamamagitan ng folk songs based on
feelings natin, their emotions and
imagination memories of past Adventure: The
events. value of
Participant No. 3 …kapag nararanasan When they experience
na nila ‘yong kanta experience the folk
ganun song, they
Participant No. 5 …kasi ‘yong mga kanta comprehend the real
galing sa experience ng meaning of it.
mga matatanda
Participant No. 4 …may mga salita kasi As they listen to a
ng Iloko na medyo folk song and find
naiintindihan ng ibang something to
tao kasi related connect to, they gain
Participant No. 10 …naiintindihan nila a deeper
‘yon kasi nairerelate understanding of the
nila ‘yong kanilang song's meaning.
sarili
2.B

Participants Responses Interpretation Theme

Participant No. 1 …‘yong sa sound lang If today's
siguro minsan hindi ako generation
yung parang na-aattract will listen to folk
kaya nasasabi kong songs, they will Newborn:
boring find them dull and Encourage to
Participant No. 2 …sa mga kabataan strange since they ideas and
ngayon is parang ang are unfamiliar with concepts
dating po sa kanila is them.
‘yong mga kantang
Ilokano is prang weird
Participant No. 5 …hindi na siya boring Understanding what
sa ngayon kasi gano’n a folk song means
pala and how important
it is, it isn't boring.

SOP #3
3. How do folk songs maintain Iloko heritage and culture survival
3.A

Participants Responses Interpretation Theme

Participant No. 2 …parang ‘yong sharing na
 lang po siguro

…‘yong continue na lang One of the Dissemination:

po siguro ‘yong pag-share potential The value of
at pag-appreciate po ng explanations for sharing
mga bagay na iniwan folk song and
Participant No. 6 …mas makabubuti rin na culture’s survival
shine-share ko rin kung is simply sharing
ano ang nalalaman ko, information about
Participant No. 8 …shinashare ko rin sa it.
mga younger generations
‘yong mga susunod na
generation kung ano
‘yong message nung kanta
talaga yun
Participant No. 3 …pasa-pasa tulad ng Passing down folk
pagkukwento, pagtuturo, songs to future
pagkanta sa mga.. sa generations assists
kanila pagpaparinig in the preservation
of folk music and
our cultures.
Participant No. 4 …napapasok din niya Introducing folk
yung mga folk songs ng song to future
Iloko by that i-introduce generations would
sa kanila yung mga also ensure the
kantang ‘yon longevity of our
folk music and
culture.

Participant No. 10 …maari kong gawin ay Since technology

magpost or share sa mga is so prevalent
social media patungkol today, it can be
dito kasi lalo na ngayon used to share
karamihan sa atin ngayon everything our
gumaagamit ng mga soial culture has to
media platforms katulad offer.
ng Facebook at You Tube.
Kung simpleng pagshare
at pagpost lang ng mga
idea patungkol sa mga
culture natin ay
 nakakatulong ito upang
makaunawa ang mga iba
patungkol sa iba’t-ibang
culture

3.B

Participants Responses Interpretation Theme

Participant No. 3 …mama-maintain nila ito
sa ano, mula sa kanilang
guro kasi kapag nag-aaral
sila To preserve folk Education:
Participant No. 7 As sa future educator at song and our Most powerful
kabilang na rin sa sining music, we must weapon
at kultura, kung pu- first learn it and
puwede ituro ko lahat e, take it at face
ituro ko lahat ng folk value so that it can
song. continue to
Participant No. 8 This is by learning the flourish through
song not just the lyrics us.
kundi ano nga ba talaga
yung ibig sabihin nung
kantang yun.
Participant No. 10 …mas maigi din na dapat
mag-gain tayo din ng mga
knowledge about culture
para hindi, para maiwasan
ang pagkalimot at patuloy
itong lumago sa atin

References:

Mills, A., et al. (2010). Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. SAGE Research.
Retrieved from https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/casestudy
Bake, A (1937). Indian Folk Music. Taylor and Francis Ltd. Royal Music Association.
Retrieved from https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-music/folk-music.html
Domingo, D. (2000). Ilocano Songs, De La Salle University Press.
 Retrieved from https://foziecat.wordpress.com/ilocano-songs-and-lyrics/
Villanueva, L. (2019). Ilocano Folk Songs Collection, Translation and Textual Analysis.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences.
Retrieved from https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/June2019/G-2672.pdf
Music History from Primary Sources, Library of Congress.
Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/collections/moldenhauer-archives/articles-
and-essays/guide-to-archives/music-history/
Anwar, S. (2018). Folk Music and its Characteristics.
Retrieved from https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/folk-music-and-
its-characteristics-1532520459-1
Noviana, D., et al. (2020). The Character of Respect as Viewed from Moral Development
and Language Politeness in College Students
Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Character-of-
Respect-as-Viewed-from-Moral-and-Noviana
Rabago J. (2021). FESTIVALS OF ILOCOS NORTE: A CONTEXTUAL REVIEW OF
VALUES AND CULTURE IN NORTHERN PHILIPPINES.
Retrieved from https://www.ijern.com
Benabese, L. (2020) TEOFILO GARCIA (LIVING TREASURE OF THE ILOKANOS)
HIS LANGUAGE AS A COMMUNAL ARTIST.
Retrieved from http://www.jcreview.com/fulltext/197-1597820148.pdf
Anderson, Q. (2015) Kundiman Love Song in the Philippines.
Retrieved from https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1821/