5th.

Asia Automobile Institute Summit

28 29 November 2016
28-29 2016, Malaysia

Environmental
E i t l Policy
P li
Database
toward data accuracy improvement
and
d international
i t ti l comparison
i
Keiko Hirota
Global Networking and
Public Relations
Japan Automobile Research Institute
1
 Contents
1.Purpose

2.Methodology

3 Results
3.Results

4.Conclusion
5th. AAI Summit, 28-29 Nov. 2016, Malaysia 2
1. Purpose

Background
• Good quality data for the automobile
sector is not available

Purposes
• Create
C t accurate/detailed
t /d t il d data
d t set,
t ready
d
for analysis
y for g
global users
• Create a new data set from track records
• Check impact of policy implementation
e.g. regulation implementation vs.
track records
5th. AAI Summit, 28-29 Nov. 2016, Malaysia 3
2. Methodology

Policy City
Database Database
•Emission regulations / •GDP, Population,
standards Salaries
•Fuel standards •Gasoline/diesel price/
•I & M car price
•Fuel economy •The number of
•Vehicle taxes registration by car type
Interview with MOE, MOT,
•Air quality, emission
MOI Automobile Association
MOI, Association, volume from automobile
Oil Industry, research
institutes
sector
•Health effect,
effect etc
Statistical year books, etc
5th. AAI Summit, 28-29 Nov. 2016, Malaysia 4
2. Methodology

Methodology for accuracy

and evidence
• References and interviewers information in
each cell in a separate sheet.

• Check data process, the number of

monitoring and decision procedures,
together with each data set.

• Definition and conversion units should be

checked for international comparison.

5th. AAI Summit, 28-29 Nov. 2016, Malaysia 5

3. Results
Air pollution in large Asian cities
PM10 1990-latest
The number of PM 10 monitoring site
City 1990 2002-2005 Latest Year of Latest data
(Survey year)
Bangkok E D E 2013 6 roadside, 8 general stations (2008)
Beijing E D E 2013 N.A
Jakarta D E D 2007 3 stations (2008)
Kuala Lumpur B D C 2007 2 stations (2014)
H Chi Mi
Ho Minh
h Cit
City NA
N.A E E 2007 NA
N.A
Manila D E E 2013 11 stations (2013)
Shanghai N.A D E 2014 N.A
Tokyo D C N.A SPM is measured N.A

A 50% of WHO guideline

B Within WHO guideline
C 200% of WHO guideline
D 300% of WHO guideline
E Over 300% WHO guideline
Data Sources: Official sites
of Ministry of Environment,
Data source: HIROTA,K. Comparative studies on vehicle related policies for air pollution reduction in Asian 10 countries, Report of WB, Report of
sustainability ADB, Environmental GIS,
ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Tokyo Metropolitan
6
Government
3. Results

Fuel Quality and Emission standard 2010

2010-2021
2021
(Gasoline, sulfur contents, ppm)
•C/D test needs to be close to Real World →WLTP,RDE
Country/ City EM/Fuel STC 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Emission STD China 3 China 4 (Euro 4) China 5 (Euro 5) China (Euro 6)?
China
Fuel STD 150 50 10
Emission STD Euro3 Euro 4 Euro 5 ?
India
Fuel STD 150 50? 50? 10?
Emission STD Euro2 Euro 4 ？
Indonesia
Fuel STD 500 50?
Emission STD 2009 Post new long term (JC08) New standard, WLTP
Japan
Fuel STD 10
Emission STD no information LEV III
Korea
Fuel STD 10
Emission STD Euro 2 Euro4
Malaysia
Fuel STD 500 50
Emission STD Euro 2 Euro 4
Philippines
Fuel STD 500 50
Emission STD Euro 4 Euro 5?
Thailand
Fuel STD 500 50
Emission STD Euro 2 Euro 4
Vietnam
Fuel STD 500 50 10?

Source: Hirota
Hirota, K
K., and Kashima,
Kashima S S. Chapter 8: Cross
Cross-
Sulfur
S lf content
t t by
b emission
i i regulation
l ti Country Policy Comparison:What are the elements of a
EURO2 : ＜ 500 ppm successful eco-car policy?
In: S. Matsumoto, ed. (2016) Environmental Subsidies to
EURO3 : ＜150 ppm Consumers: How Did They Work in the Japanese Market?
Routledge Economics, Finance and Management.
EURO4 : ＜ 50 ppm 5th. AAI Summit, 28-29 Nov. 2016, Malaysia Copyright © Routledge. All rights reserved. 7
3. Results

Fuel Quality and Emission standard 2010

2010-2021
2021
(Diesel, sulfur contents, ppm)
C/D test needs to be close to Real World →WLTP,RDE
•C/D →WLTP RDE
Country/ City EM/Fuel STC 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Emission STD China 3 China 4 (Euro 4) China 5 (Euro 5) China (Euro 6)?
China
Fuel STD 350 50 10
Emission STD Euro3 Euro 4 Euro 5 ?
India
Fuel STD 350 50
Emission STD Euro 2 Euro 4 ？
Indonesia
Fuel STD 3500 3500-500 500
Emission STD 2009 P
Postt new long
l term (JC08)
t (JC08) N
New standard,
t d d WLTP
Japan
Fuel STD 10
Emission STD K-Euro 5 (AT) K-Euro5bK-Euro 6b (AT)
Korea
Fuel STD 10
Emission STD Euro 1
Malaysia
Fuel STD 3000-500 500 50
Emission STD Euro 2 Euro 4
Philippines
Fuel STD 500 350 50
Emission STD Euro 4 Euro 5?
Thailand
Fuel STD 500 50
Emission STD Euro 2 Euro 4
Vietnam
Fuel STD 500 50

Source: Hirota
Hirota, K
K., and Kashima,
Kashima S S. Chapter 8: Cross
Cross-
Sulfur
S lf content
t t by
b emission
i i regulation
l ti Country Policy Comparison:What are the elements of a
EURO2 : ＜ 500 ppm successful eco-car policy?
In: S. Matsumoto, ed. (2016) Environmental Subsidies to
EURO3 : ＜350 ppm Consumers: How Did They Work in the Japanese Market?
Routledge Economics, Finance and Management.
EURO4 : ＜ 50 ppm 5th. AAI Summit, 28-29 Nov. 2016, Malaysia Copyright © Routledge. All rights reserved. 8
Decision Procedure of Emission
Standards in Country A
Pollution Control Board

Chair: Department of Pollution Control

Members: Department level of
MOT, MOE, MOI, MOH etc

National Environmental Board

Chair: Prime Minister
Members: Ministers from
MOT, MOE, MOI, MOH etc

Standardization
3. Results
Fuel Quality Monitoring System in Japan
Punishment
Oil company risk
(refinery, import)

Distributor

Depot
Mandatory check
by company
Distributor

Petro station

1 Mandatory check duty by company (Each 10 days)

1.
Analysis fee: 3000 USD Min./ year

2. Mandatory check by appointed institute (Once a year)

Analysis fee USD 82-182/ sampling

10
3. Results
FQM in Country B
（FQM : Fuel Quality Monitoring )

Oil company
(refinery, import)

The number of Refiners

mandatory
d t checks
h k Importers
is relatively small
Sample survey Depots

Internal
Distributor 100 Samples
150-200
Samples /yr /yr/type
y yp
Petro Station

FQM Highly depends

on company’s internal
g
management

5th. AAI Summit, 28-29 Nov. 2016, Malaysia 11

4. Proposal

Proposal for AAI Members

• AAIS is a good platform to exchange
information on this DB. If you find
errors, please let me know.

• Any
y suggestions
gg will be appreciated.
pp
Contributors names will be cited in the
reference sheet
sheet.

5th. AAI Summit, 28-29 Nov. 2016, Malaysia 12