UID: ______________________________

Question 1 (18 marks)

Evaluate the following integrals.
!
(a) # ""
" " #𝑥 ! + 1 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
$ "
(b) 1 !
) # 𝑑𝐴 where 𝐷 is the region enclosed by 𝑥 = −𝑦 " , 𝑥 = 3 and the 𝑥-axis.
& (𝑥 % + 1)𝑦 %

(c) 𝑥 − 2𝑦 where 𝐷 is the triangular region enclosed by the coordinate axes and the line
) cos 5 7 𝑑𝐴
& 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1.

(IMSE2135 – page 2 of 16)

Question 2 (8 marks)
Determine the area of the region that lies inside 𝑟 = 4 + 2 sin 𝜃 and outside 𝑟 = 3 − sin 𝜃. Write your
answer correct to 2 decimal places.

(IMSE2135 – page 5 of 16)

Question 3 (16 marks)
Use the method of Lagrange multipliers to:
(a) find the maximum and minimum values of the 𝑛 -variable function 𝑥! + 𝑥" + 𝑥# + ⋯ + 𝑥$
subject to the constraint 𝑥!" + 𝑥"" + 𝑥#" + ⋯ + 𝑥$" = 1; and
(b) find the maximum and minimum values of the 𝑛-variable function 𝑥! + 2𝑥" + 3𝑥# + ⋯ + 𝑛𝑥$
subject to the same constraint in (a).

(IMSE2135 – page 6 of 16)

Question 4 (12 marks)
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦(1 − 𝑥 − 𝑦), where −∞ < 𝑥, 𝑦 < ∞.
(a) Find all the critical point(s) of the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦). Determine the nature of each critical point (i.e.,
whether it is a local minimum, local maximum or a saddle point).
(b) Let the region 𝐴 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 1}. Find all the global maximum and global
minimum points of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) over region A. (10 marks)

(IMSE2135 – page 8 of 16)

Question 5 (16 marks)
(a) Write the KKT conditions and find the optimal solution for the following problem.
Minimise 2𝑦 " − 𝑥 #
Subject to 𝑥 > 0, 𝑥𝑦 ≥ 1 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 4
(b) Determine whether the objective function is convex or concave.

(IMSE2135 – page 10 of 16)

Question 6 (18 marks)
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 " + 2𝑦 " + 𝑧 " − 2𝑥 + 2𝑧.
(a) Apply the univariate method to minimize the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). Start from the point 𝑠% = (2, 2, 2)
and explore in the 𝑦 direction initially to locate the point of approximation 𝑠! . Then, explore in
the 𝑥 direction to locate the second point of approximation 𝑠" . Then, explore in the 𝑧 direction
again to locate the next point of approximation 𝑠# . What are the coordinates of the points 𝑠! , 𝑠"
and 𝑠# ?
(b) Apply the method of steepest descent to minimize the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). Start from the point
(2, 2, 2) as the first approximation to the minimum. What is the point of approximation after 1
iteration?
(c) Apply the Newton-Raphson method to minimize the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧). Start from the point
(2, 2, 2) as the first approximation to the minimum. What is the point of approximation after 1
iteration?

(IMSE2135 – page 12 of 16)

Question 7 (12 marks)
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 cos " 𝑥 + sin 𝑥, 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4.
(a) Use the golden section method to search for the value of 𝑥 at which the function 𝑓(𝑥) is maximised.
How many iterations are needed to determine the value of 𝑥 with an absolute error less than 0.3
and what is the value of 𝑥?
(b) Use the Newton's method to search for the value of 𝑥 at which the function 𝑓(𝑥) is maximised.
Choose 𝑥% = 2 and determine the value of 𝑥 after 3 iterations. Write your answer correct to 3
decimal places.

(IMSE2135 – page 15 of 16)