2. Natural law is the rational creatures’ participation in God’s Eternal Law.

An
act is objectively right or wrong according to whether it follows or goes against
any of the precepts or inclinations of man and the principle of double effect of
natural law theory (Typology of law).

Natural law is the rational creatures’ participation in God’s Eternal Law.

Among all creatures, the rational creature is subject to divine providence in a
more excellent manner, because he himself participates in providence, providing for
himself and for others. Hence, in him, too, there is a participation in eternal
reason through which he has a natural inclination to his due act and end. And the
rational creature’s mode of participation in the eternal law is called natural law.
Hence, it is clear that natural law is nothing other than a participation in
eternal law on the part of a rational creature.

An act is objectively right or wrong according to whether it follows or goes

against any of the precepts or inclinations of man

The principle of double effect of natural law theory, dito u will know if
moral pa ba kase we cannot avoid that there will be conflicting values, desires or
dillema na maeencountered natin and meron at meron talagang problem na mararanasan
natin as we live our life in this world that is why we must be guided with the four
principles of double effect so that we will know of what we are doing is still
moral. the first one is the action intended must be good in itself; otherwise, the
act is evil at the very outset and second is the good effect must follow the action
at least as immediately as the evil effect, or the good and evil effects must occur
simultaneously. *minsan a human act may produced to conflicting results, that one
is good and one is evil and to address this dilemma, St.Aquianas actually
formulated this four principles of the double effect. the third one is the foreseen
evil effect should not be intended or approved, but merely permitted to occur; and
lasty, There must be a proportionate and sufficient reason for allowing the evil
effect to occur while performing the action. *so dapat we must be guided with these
four principles of double effect. According to Aquianas all of the four principles
must be satisfied for an action to be considered morally right. example Abortions
when the mother's life is in danger. In cases when saving the life of a pregnant
woman causes the death of her unborn child - for example, performing an abortion
when continuing the pregnancy would risk killing the mother - some people argue
that this is a case of the doctrine of double effect. By this argument, the death
of the foetus is merely the side-effect of medical treatment to save the mother's
life. Other people take the more traditional view that this is a case of self-
defence against a threat (albeit a threat that is innocent and unaware that it is a
threat). So masasabi natin na we satisfied the four principles of double effect
kasi sa first principle is the action intended must be good in itself; otherwise,
the act is evil at the very outset *so the intention is good and that is to remove
the cancerous uterus na meron yung babae or nung pregnant woman. Sa second naman is
the good effect must follow the action at least as immediately as the evil effect,
or the good and evil effects must occur simultaneously *that is the recovery nung
pregnant woman follows the action immediately and kahit na yung fetus dies after
tanggalin yung cancerous uterus atleast the evil effect occurs simultaneously with
the good effect. So sa pangatlo naman e satisfied kasi abortion that is the death
of the fetus was not intended, parang it was just allowed to happen. the main
intention of removing the cancerous uterus nung buntis is para sa kaligtasan or
iligtis yung kanyang buhay kahit na yung kamatayan ng fetus was foreseen acc. to
Aquinas it was just allowed to occur. at panghuli, is also satisfied kasi meron
talang sufficient reason for allowing the evil effect yun ay ang abortion or the
killing the fetus to happen. so meaning to say kung hindi tinanggal yung cancerous
uterus then parehas na mawawal yung babae at yung fetus pero pag tinanggal naman
yung cancerous uterus atleast as aquinas believe, we save one life. as we can see,
yung pag-alis or pagtanggal ng cancerous uterus nung pregnant women would implies
abortion is morally right. so parang principle of lesser evil itong double effect
na sinasabi ni aquinas sa atin. so let us be guided with the 4 principles of double
effect sa kung ano ang tama, sa kung ano ang moral, at sa kung ano ang makakabuti.
so natural law Grasping prescriptions of the natural law and using our
practical reason are necessary in determining whichmeans will direct us to our
ultimate end. let us be mindful of the natural law that this law prescribes sa
tulong ng ating practical reason, the things are necessary in directing us with our
end na kung saan ng eternal happiness, na kung saan mapupunta tayo sa rational plan
of God, sa orignal plan of God, that we will end up together kasama ito. So,
Accordingly this concept helps us in judging some deeds as moral or otherwise.
because of the practical reason, natutulungan tayo in judging kung ano ang tama sa
kung ano ang mali, from what is moral and what is immoral. So the principle is
simple: the closer ana action aprroaches our end, the more moral it is; the further
it departs, the more immoral it becomes. *so if you think if an action leads you to
your end, which is makasama is God then you are doing the right thing pero pag
tinutulungan ka to become further kung ganon something is wrong so nagiging immoral
in that case.

conscience - is the secret core and the sunctuary of man then he is alone with God.
this conscience helps us and guides us in knowing what is right and knowing what is
wrong. conscience dictates to us away from evil and to do what is good.

four laws of aquinas - human, eternal, divine, natural

natural law - connected to the moral law
when we are talking about natural law, it is the natural tendency to pursue the
behavior and goals appropriate to us.
natural law is knowable by natural reason.