Maths Problem Sets and Answers

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Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

Faculty of Technology
CMT 1303 - Fundamentals of Mathematics for Technology
Problem Set 1
1. In each of the following,
i. plot the points
ii. find the distance between the points
iii. find the mid-point of the line segment joining the points:
(a) (1,-1) and (-2,3)

1 1 1 1
(b) − , − and − , −
2 3 6 2
(c) (1, 0) and (−1, 2).
2. (a) Show that (−1, 3), (3, 5) and (5, 1) are the vertices of a right triangle.
(b) Show that (1, −3), (3, 2) and (−2, 4) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
(c) Let A ≡ (−8, 4), B ≡ (2, 11) and C ≡ (−5, 1).

True or false: the triangle ABC is isosceles.
3. Find the quadrant(s) in which (x, y) is located so that the given condition(s)
is (are) satisfied:
i. x > 0 and y > 0,
ii. x < 0 and y > 0,
iii. xy > 0,
iv. xy < 0.
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4. Shade each of the following regions:
(i.) x < 0 and y > 2
(ii.) x > 1
(iii.) x > 3 and y < −1
(iv.) y < 7
5. Let A ≡ (−1, 3), B ≡ (3, 5) and C ≡ (5, 1).

Find the slope of the lines joining,
i. A and B
ii. B and C
iii. C and A
Let M be the mid-point of AC.

Find the slope of the line BM .
6. Find the coordinates of the points that divide the line segment joining
A ≡ (1, −2) and B ≡ (4, −1) into four equal parts.
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(2018/2019)
Problem Set 1 (Continued)
7. In each of the following, insert the required factor in the parentheses
5x + 3 1
i. = ( )
4 4
2 1 1
ii. x2 + x + 5 = ( )
3 3 3
iii. x2 (x3 − 1)4 = ( )(x3 − 1)4 (3x2 )
iv. 2(y − 5)1/2 + y(y − 5)−1/2 = (y − 5)−1/2 ( )
4x + 6 1
v. = ( ) (2x + 3)
(x2 + 3x + 7)3 (x2 + 3x + 7)3
3 5 3
vi. + 2 − x = ( )(6x + 5 − 3x3 )
x 2x 2
25x2 4y 2 x2 y2
vii. + = +
36 9 ( ) ( )
x2 y2 8x2 11y 2
viii. + = +
5/8 6/11 ( ) ( )
ix. x1/3 − 5x4/3 = x1/3 ( )
x. 3(2x + 1)x1/2 + 4x3/2 = x1/2 ( )
xi. (1 − 3x)4/3 − 4x(1 − 3x)1/3 = (1 − 3x)1/3 ( )
3 7/3 3 4/3 3(t + 1)4/3

xii. (t + 1) − (t + 1) = ( )
7 4 28
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8. Write each of the following fractions as a sum of two or more terms
x2 + 6x + 12
i.
3x
3 − 5x2 − x4
ii. √
x
x3 − 5x4
iii.
3x2
9. Simplify each of the following expressions
−2(x2 − 3)−3 (2x)(x + 1)3 − 3(x + 1)2 (x2 − 3)−2

i.
[(x + 1)3 ]2
x5 (−3)(x2 + 1)−4 (2x) − (x2 + 1)−3 (5)x4
ii.
(x5 )2
iii. (2x − 1)1/2 − (x + 2)(2x − 1)−1/2
iv. (3x + 2)−1/2 (3)(x − 6)1/2 (1) + (x − 6)3 (− 12 )(3x + 2)−3/2 (3)
10. Show that A(−3, 1), B(5, 3), C(3, 0) and D(−5, −2) are vertices of a
parallelogram
11. Show that A(2, 3), B(5, −1), C(0, −6) and D(−6, 2) are vertices of a trapezoid
12. Prove that the points A(6, 15), B(11, 12), C(−4, −8) and D(−6, −5) are
vertices of a rectangle
13. Prove that the points A(4, 4), B(6, −4) and C(−15, −6) are vertices of a right
triangle
14. If three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram are A(−1 − 3), B(4, 2) and
C(−7, 5) find the fourth vertex
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15. For each of the following find an equation of the line satisfying the given
conditions
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(a) Through A(2, −6), slope 2
(b) slope −3, y intercept 5
(c) Through A(−5, −7), B(3, −4)
(d) x-intercept −4, y-intercept y
(e) Through A(8, −2), y-intercept −3
(f) Slope 6, x-intercept −2
(g) Through A(10, −6), parallel to y-axis
(h) Through (−5, 1), perpendicular to x-axis
(i) Through A(7, −3), perpendicular to the line with equation 2x − 5y = 8
16. Given A(3, −1) and B(−2, 6), find an equation for the perpendicular bisector
of the line segment AB
17. Find an equation for the line that bisects the second and fourth quadrants
18. Find equations for the altitudes of the triangle with vertices A(−3, 2), B(6, 4),
C(3, −8) and find the point at which the altitudes intersect
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19. In each of the following use the slope-intercept form to find the slope and
y-intercept of the line with the given equation and sketch the graph of each
equation
(a) 3x − 4y + 8 = 0
(b) 2y − 5x = 4
(c) x + 2y = 0
(d) y = 4
(e) 5x + 4y = 20
(f) y = 0
(g) x = 3y + 7
(h) x − y = 0
20. Find the real number k such that the point P (−1, 8) is on the line kx−2y−7 = 0
21. Find a real number k such that the line 5x + ky − 3 = 0 has y-intercept −5
22. Find all values of r such that the slope of the line through the points (r, 4) and
(4, 3 − 2r) is less than 5
23. In each of the following, the points represent the vertices of a triangle,Draw
triangle ABC in the coordinate plane, find the perpendicular distance from
vertex B of the triangle to the side AC and find the area of the triangle
i. A = (0, 0), B = (1, 4), C = (4, 0)
ii. A = (0, 0), B = (4, 5), C = (5, −2)
24. Find the distance between the two parallel lines x + y = 1 and x + y = 5
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Submit answers for the following questions on or before 23/07/2020.
1. (c)
2. (a) and (b)
3. (iii)
4. (iii) and (iv)
7. (ii), (iv),(vii) and (xi)
8. (iii)
9. (ii) and (iii)
10.
15. (a),(b), (c) and (d)
19. (a),(b),(c) and (d)
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CMT 1303 - Fundamentals of Mathematics for Technology (2018/2019)
Problem Set 2
1. Solve each of the following quadratic equations:
(i) x2 + x − 6 = 0
(ii) 2x2 − 3x + 1 = 0
(iii) 3x2 − x + 2 = 0
(iv) 2x2 + 3x − 1 = 0
(v) x2 − x − 1 = 0
(vi) x2 + 7x + 14 = 0
2. Express each of the following in the form (x − p)2 + q, where p and q are integers:
(i) x2 − 6x + 3
(ii) x2 − 4x + 7
(iii) x2 + 2x + 5
3. The quadratic equation 3x2 + 5x + 2k = 0 has equal roots. Find the value of the constant k.
9
4. the equation x2 + 3x + k = 0 has real distinct roots. Show that k < − .
4
5. The equation (2k − 1)x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 has no real solutions. Show that k > 1.
11
6. The equation x2 − x + (k + 3) = 0 has real roots. Show that k ≤ − .
4
7. The quadratic equation x2 − 2(2k + 1)x + 8k 2 − 7 = 0 has equal roots.

Show that k 2 − k − 2 = 0.
Hence, find the possible values of k.
For each of these values of k, solve x2 − 2(2k + 1)x + 8k 2 − 7 = 0.
8. The quadratic equation x2 − 3x + 6 = 0 has roots α and β.

Write down the values of α + β and αβ.
Hence, find the value of α2 + β 2 .
9. The quadratic equation x2 + 2x + 5 = 0 has roots α and β.

Let p = α + 2β and q = 2α + β. Find the values of p + q and pq.
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Problem Set 3
1. Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation x2 + kx − 3 = 0 in terms of k, where k ∈ R.

Hence show that x2 + kx − 3 = 0 has distinct real roots.
Let α and β be those roots.
Write down α + β in terms of k and the value of αβ.
Find the quadratic equation which has 2α + β and α + 2β as its roots.
2. A line through the points A ≡ (2, 2) cuts the line 3x−2y −2 = 0 at B and the line x+y −11 = 0
at C. It is given that AB = 12 AC. Find the coordinates of B and C.
3. By satisfying y = x2 , find the roots of the equation x4 − 4x2 − 5 = 0.
1 1
4. Show that the equation x 3 + 12x− 3 = 7 may be written in the form y 2 − 7y + 12 = 0, where
1
y = x3 .
1 1
Hence, solve the equation x 3 + 12x− 3 = 7.
5. The points A, B and C have coordinates (1, 2), (3, 4) and (9, −2) respectively
i. Calculate the slope of AB.
ii. Show that BC is perpendicular to AB.
iii. Find an equation of the straight line passing through B and C.

√
iv. The length of AB may be written in the form p 2. Find the constant p.
v. Find the area of triangle ABC
6. i. The point A has coordinates (2, 3) and the line l1 has equation x + 4y = 31. The line l2
passes through A and is perpendicular to l1 . Find the equation of l2 in the form y = mx+c.
ii. The lines l1 and l2 intersect at the point M . Find the coordinates of M .
iii. The point A is a vertex of the square ABCD. The diagonals of the square intersect at M .
Find the coordinates of C.
7. i. Find the slope of the line l1 which has equation 4x − 3y + 5 = 0.
ii. Find an equation of the line l2 , which passes through the point (1, 2) and which is perpen-
dicular to the line l1
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iii. The line l1 crosses the x-axis at P and the line l2 crosses the y-axis at Q. Find the
coordinates of the mid-point of P Q.
8. Write the standard form of the equation of the circle with the given characteristics.
i. Center: (0, 0); Radius: 4
ii. Center: (2, −1); Radius: 7
iii. Center: (−1, 2); Through the point: (0, 0)
iv. End points of a diameter: (0, 0), (6, 8)
9. Find the centre and radius of the circle and sketch its graph.
i. x2 + y 2 = 25
ii. (x − 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9
iii. x2 + (y − 1)2 = 1
iv. (x − 12 )2 + (y − 12 )2 = 9
4
16
v. (x − 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9
10. The diagram shows a circle which passes through the points A(2, 9) and B(10, 3). AB is a
diameter of the circle.
i. Calculate the radius of the circle
ii. Find the equation of the straight line through A and B. Give your answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0.
iii. Show that the tangent to the circle at B has equation 4x − 3y − 31 = 0.
Submit solutions for questions 1, 3, 5, 8 - (i)&(iv), 9 - (i)&(iii), 10
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Problem Set 3 (Continued)
11. Find the equation of the circle with P ≡ (1, 2) and Q ≡ (−1, 3) as the ends of a diameter.
Also, find the equation of the tangent to this circle at P .
12. Find the equation of the circle passing through the point (4, 5) and having its centre at (2, 2).
13. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (3, −2) and (−2, 0) and whose centre
lies on the line y = 2x − 3.
14. Find the equation of the circle whose centre is at (−2, 3) and touches the line y = 2x + 9.
15. Let C be the circle with centre A ≡ (3, 1) and radius 5.
(i) Sketch the circle C.
(ii) Show that the equation of C can be written in the form x2 + y 2 − 6x − 2y − 15 = 0.
(iii) Let P and Q be the points at which the circle C cuts the y-axis.
Find the coordinates of P and Q.
(iv) Verify that the point B ≡ (6, −3) lies on C.
(v) Show that the equation of the tangent to C at the point B is 4y = 3(x − 10).
Find the coordinates of the points at which this tangent crosses the axes.
16. Show that the circles x2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y = 0 and x2 + y 2 − 8y − 4 = 0 touch each other internally.
17. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points of intersection of the circle
x2 + y 2 − 2x + 4y − 20 = 0 and the line 3y = 4x − 10, and the point (1, 2).
18. Show that the circles x2 + y 2 = 9 and (x − 3)2 + (y − 4)2 = 9 intersect each other.
Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points of intersection of the above
circles and the point (−3, 4).
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Problem Set 4
1. Solve each of the following inequalities:
(i) 3x + 5 > 4x − 7
(ii) 2 + 2(x − 4) < 3(2x − 3)
(iii) (x − 1)(2x − 3) ≥ (x − 2)(2x + 1)
(i) x2 − 7x − 30 > 0
(ii) x2 − 7x − 30 ≤ 0
(iii) x2 + x − 12 > 0
(iv) x2 + 3x − 2 > 0
(v) x2 − 4x + 3 ≤ 0
x+2
(i) <0
x−3
2x + 1
(ii) ≥1
x−2
1
(iii) + 2x < −1
x−1
(x − 1)
(iv) ≥0
(x − 2)(x + 1)
(x − 2)(x + 3)
(v) <0
(x + 1)(x + 2)
4.
The above figure shows a rectangle. The lengths indicated in the figure are given in metres.
The perimeter of the rectangle is greater than 30 m. Show that x > 2.
It is also given that the area of the rectangle is less than 56 m2 . Find the set of possible values
of x.
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Problem Set 5
1. Find the domain of each of the following functions:

x+1
(i) f (x) =
x−1
√
(ii) f (x) = x − 5
x2 + 3x − 1
(iii) g(x) =
(x − 2)(x + 5)
x
(iv) f (x) = 2
x −1
x
(v) p(x) = 2
x +1
√
(vi) h(x) = 2 − 3x
1
(vii) f (x) = √
2−x
2. In each of he following, determine whether the equation represents y as a function of x:
(i) x2 + y 2 = 4
(ii) y − 4x2 = 36
(iii) 2x + 5y = 10
(iv) (x − 2)2 + y 2 = 4
(v) x + y 2 = 4
√
(vi) y = 16 − x2
(vii) y = |4 − x|
(viii) |y| = 4 − x
(ix) x = 14
(x) y = −75
3. In each of the following, evaluate the function at each specified value of the independent variable
and simplify:
(i) f (x) = 2x − 3
(a) f (1) (b) f (−3) (c) f (x − 1)
(ii) g(y) = 7 − 3y
(a) g(0) (b) g( 37 ) (c) g(s + 2)
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(iii) V (r) = 43 πr3
(a) V (3) (b) V ( 32 ) (c) V (2r)
(iv) S(r) = 4πr2
(a) S(2) (b) S( 12 ) (c) S(3r)
(v) h(t) = t2 − 2t
(a) h(2) (b) h(1.5) (c) h(x + 2)
√
(vi) f (y) = 3 − y
(a) f (4) (b) f (0.25) (c) f (4x2 )
(vii) q(t) = (2t2 + 3)/t2
(a) q(2) (b) q(0) (c) q(−x)
(viii) f (x) = |x|/x
(a) f (2) (b) f (−2) (c) f (x − 1)
(ix) f (x) = |x| + 4
(a) f (2) (b) f (−2) (c) f (x2 )
4. In each of the following, complete the table:
(i) f (x) = x2 − 3 (iii) h(t) = 12 |t + 3|

x -2 -1 0 1 2 t -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
f (x) h(t)
√ |s − 2|
(ii) g(x) = x−3 (iv) f (s) =
s−2
x 3 4 5 6 7 3 5
s 0 1 2 3
4
g(x)
f (s)
5. In each of the following, find all real values of x such that f (x) = 0:
(i) f (x) = 15 − 3x
3x − 4
(ii) f (x) =
5
2
(iii) f (x) = x − 9
(iv) f (x) = x3 − x
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6. In each of the following, find the value(s) of x for which f (x) = g(x):
(i) f (x) = x2 , g(x) = x + 2
(ii) f (x) = x4 − 2x2 , g(x) = 2x2
7. Find the domain of each of the following functions:

3y
(i) s(y) =
y+5
√
(ii) f (t) = 3 t + 4
10
(iii) h(x) = 2
x − 2x
√
x+6
(iv) f (x) =
6+x
x+2
(v) f (x) = √
x − 10
8. In each of the following, find the difference quotient and simplify your answer:
f (2 + h) − f (2)
(i) f (x) = x2 − x + 1, , h 6= 0
h
f (5 + h) − f (5)
(ii) f (x) = 5x − x2 , , h 6= 0
h
f (x + h) − f (x)
(iii) f (x) = 4x2 − 2x, , h 6= 0
h
9. A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. If the perimeter of the
window is 30ft, express the area of the window as a function of the width of the window.
10. An open box is to be made from a rectangular piece of cardboard having dimensions 30cm ×
20cm by cutting out identical squares of area x2 cm2 from each corner and turning up the sides.
Express the volume V of the box as a function of x.
11. A right circular cylinder of radius r and height h is inscribed in a cone of altitude 12 and radius
4
(i) Express h as a function of r.(Hint: use similar triangles.)
(ii) Express the volume V of the cylinder as a function of r.
12. Suppose a point P (x, y) is moving along the parabola y = x2 . Let d denote the distance from
the point A ≡ (3, 1) to P . Express d as a function of x.
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Submit solutions for questions

2 - (ii),(iii),(iv),(vi)(vii),(x)
3 - (i),(iii),(v),(vii)
4 - (i),(ii),(iii)
5 - (ii),(iv)
6 - (ii)
7 - (i),(ii),(iii),(v)
8 - (ii)
9
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Problem Set 6
1. Using long division, divide
(i) 2x2 + 9x + 5 by x+2

(ii) 6x3 − 16x2 + 3x + 7 by x−3
(iii) x5 + 2x2 + 1 by x3 + 1
(iv) 3x + 2x3 + 9 − 8x2 by x2 + 1
2. Using long division, find a, b and c such that,
x2 + 2x − 1 c
= ax + b +
x+3 x+3
3. Using the Remainder Theorem, find the remainder when f (x) = 2x3 − 3x2 + 7x − 2 is divided
by x − 3.
4. Using the factor theorem, show that x − 1 is a factor of f (x) = 2x3 + x2 − 5x + 2.

Hence, find the complete factorization of f (x).
5. Find the value of k such that the remainder when f (x) = 2x3 + kx2 − 3kx + 2 is divided by
x − 3 is 5.
6. Find the value of k such that x − 4 is a factor of f (x) = x3 + kx2 − 3x + k.
7. Using the long division, find polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that
x3 + 2x2 − 3x + 1 = (x2 + 3x + 2)q(x) + r(x),
where degrees of q(x) and r(x) are equal to 1.
8. Let f (x) = x3 + 2x2 + 3x − 1.

Find the remainder when f (x) is divided by x − 1.
Also, find the remainder when f (x) is divided by (x − 1)(x − 2).
9. Let c and d be two non-zero real numbers and let f (x) = x3 + 2x2 − dx + cd. It is given that
(x − c) is a factor of f (x) and that the remainder when f (x) is divided by (x − d) is cd. Find
the values of c and d.
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Submit solutions for the following questions, on or before

28th September 2020.
1. - (i),(iii)
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
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Problem Set 7
1. Prove each of the following identities:
(i) cos2 θ tan2 θ = sin2 θ
cot θ
(ii) = cot2 θ
tan θ
cosec θ
(iii) = cosec2 θ
sin θ
1 − tan θ cot θ − 1
(iv) =
1 + tan θ cot θ + 1
1 + tan2 A sin2 A
(v) =
1 + cot2 A cos2 A
cosec A
(vi) = cos A
cot A + tan A
cos2 θ
(vii) = 1 − sin θ
1 + sin θ
sin2 θ 2
(viii) 2 = tan θ
1 − sin θ
1 + sin θ cos θ
(ix) =
cos θ 1 − sin θ
1 + cot2 A
(x) = cosec A cot A
sec A
Submit solutions for the odd numbered questions, on or before

5th October 2020.
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Problem Set 8
1. Prove each of the following statements:
(i) cos4 A − sin4 A + 1 = 2cos2 A

sin A 1 + cos A
(ii) + = 2cosec A
1 + cos A sin A
(iii) cos6 A + sin6 A = 1 − 3sin2 A cos2 A
r
1 − sin A
(iv) = sec A − tan A
1 + sin A
cosec A cosec A
(v) + = 2sec2 A
cosec A − 1 cosec A + 1
(vi) (sec A + cos A)(sec A − cos A) = tan2 A + sin2 A
1
(vii) = sin A cos A
cot A + tan A
1
(viii) = sec A + tan A
sec A − tan A
sec A − tan A
(ix) = 1 − 2sec A tan A + 2tan2 A
sec A + tan A
tan A cot A
(x) + = sec A cosec A + 1
1 − cot A 1 − tan A
cos A sin A
(xi) + = sin A + cos A
1 − tan A 1 − cot A
(xii) (sin A + cos A)(cot A + tan A) = sec A + cosec A
(xiii) tan2 A − sin2 A = sin4 A sec2 A
(xiv) sin3 A − cos3 A = (sin2 A − cos2 A)(1 − 2sin2 A cos 2 A)

tan A + sec A − 1 1 + sin A
(xv) =
tan A − sec A + 1 cos A
(xvi) (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = tan2 A + cot2 A + 7
2. Verify that,
(i) sin2 300 + sin2 450 + sin2 600 = 3

2
(ii) tan2 300 + tan2 450 + tan2 600 = 4 13
(iii) sin 300 cos 600 + cos 300 sin 600 = 1
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√
3−1
(iv) cos 450 cos 600 − sin 450 sin 600 = − √
2 2
(v) 43 cot2 300 + 3sin2 600 − 2cosec2 600 − 34 tan2 300 = 3 13
(vi) cosec2 450 .sec2 300 .sin3 900 .cos 600 = 1 13
(vii) 4cot2 450 − sec2 600 + sin3 300 = 1

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3. Let sec θ − tanθ = 13 .
Show that sec θ + tan θ = 3.
Find the value of tan θ.
ˆ = 900 , AB = 12cm and BC = 5cm.

4. Let ABC be a triagle such that ABC
ˆ = θ0 . Find cos θ, sin θ, tan θ, sec θ, cosec θ and cot θ.
Let ACB
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Problem Set 9
1. Find the values of each of the following:
(i) sin 1200 + sin 600 + sin 2400 + sin 3000
π 2π 4π 5π
(ii) cos 3
+ cos 3
+ cos 3
+ cos 3
π 3π 5π 7π
(iii) tan 4
+ tan 4
+ tan 4
+ tan 4
(iv) tan 300 + cot 1500 + cot 3300
2. Simplify each of the following:
(i) sin (π − θ) + 3 cos ( π2 + θ)
(ii) sin (2π − θ) + 2 cos ( 3π

2
− θ)
(iii) sin ( π2 − θ) + cos (π + θ)
(iv) tan ( π2 + θ) + 2tan ( π2 − θ) + 3tan ( 3π

2
− θ)
(v) cos ( 3π
2
+ θ) + 3cos ( 3π
2
− θ) + 4sin ( 3π
2
− θ)
(vi) sin (−θ) + sin (π + θ) + 2 cos ( π2 − θ)
(vii) cos (−θ) + cos (π − θ) + cos (2π + θ)
(viii) sin (7π − θ) + cos ( 7π

2
+ θ) − sin (8π + θ)
3. Using the formula sin (A + B) = sin Acos B + cos Asin B, find the values of each of the
following:
(i) sin 1500
(ii) sin 750
4. Using the formula cos (A + B) = cos Acos B − sin Asin B, find the values of each of the
following:
(i) cos 1500
(ii) cos 750
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5. Given that cos θ = 35 , find the exact values of sin θ and tan θ.
6. Given that tan θ = − 12 , find the exact values of sin θ and cos θ.
7. Prove each of the following identities:
(i) (1 − cos A)(1 + sec A) = sin Atan A

cosec A
(ii) = sec2 A
cosec A − sin A
sin (A + B)
(iii) = tan A + tan B
cos Acos B
1 + cos θ
(iv) (cot θ + cosec θ)2 =
1 − cos θ
Submit solutions for all the questions, on or before 25th October 2020.
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Problem Set 10
Prove each of the following identities:
sin2 θ
1. = 1 − cos θ
1 + cos θ
sin2 θ
2. = tan2 θ
1 − sin2 θ
1 − 2 cos2 θ
3. = tan θ − cot θ
sin θ cos θ
cos A sin A
4. + = sin A + cos A
1 − tan A 1 − cot A
1 + tan2 A
5. = tan2 A
1 + cot2 A
6. Given that sin A = 35 , cos A = − 45 , sin B = − 13

5
and cos B = 12
13
, find the values of sin (A + B),
cos (A + B), sin (A − B) and cos (A − B).
3
7. If sin α = 5
and cos β = 13 , find the values of sin (α + β) and cos (α − β).
8. Using 150 = 450 − 300 , find the exact value of tan 150 .
7π π π 7π
9. Using = + , find the exact value of sin 12
.
12 4 3
1 + tan θ
10. Show that tan ( π4 + θ) = .
1 − tan θ
sin (A − B) cot B − cot A
11. Show that = .
sin (A + B) cot B + cot A
sin 5A − sin 3A
12. Show that = tan A.
cos 3A + cos 5A
tan 5θ + tan 3θ
13. Show that = 4cos 2θ cos 4θ.
tan 5θ − tan 3θ
14. Show that cot ( π4 + θ) cot ( π4 − θ) = 1.
sin A + sin B A + B
15. = tan
cos A + cos B 2
π 9π 3π 5π
16. Show that 2 cos 13
cos 13
+ cos 13
+ cos 13
=0
Submit solutions for the even numbered questions, on or before 12th

November 2020.
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Problem Set 11
1. Solve each of the following equations:
(i) 2 sin x − 1 = 0
√
(ii) (2 cos x − 1)(2 sin x − 3) = 0
(iii) cos x + cos 7x = cos 4x
(iv) cos θ − sin 3θ = cos 2θ
(v) sin θ + sin 2θ = 0
(vi) cos2 θ = 1 − sin θ

√
(vii) (tan x − 1)( 3 tan x + 1) = 0
(viii) cos θ + cos 2θ + cos 3θ = 0
(ix) cos 2θ = cos2 θ
(x) sin 3x + cos 2x = 0
2. Solve each of the following equations:

√
(i) cos x + 3 sin x = 1
√
(ii) sin x + cos x = 2
√ √
(iii) 3 cos θ + sin θ = 2
√ √
(iv) 3 sin θ − cos θ = 2
√
(v) tan θ + sec θ = 3
3. Sketch the graphs of each of the following functions for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π.

(i) y = cos x + 1 (vii) y = cos x − π6
(ii) y = sin x − 1
(viii) y = sin x + π6
(iii) y = −sin x
(ix) y = 2 sin x
(iv) y = −cos x
(x) y = 2 cos x
(v) y = 2 − sin x

(vi) y = tan x + 2 (xi) y = 2 sin x + π6 + 1
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4. A function f (x) is periodic if there is a positive number p such that

f (x + p) = f (x) for all x
There could be many numbers p satisfying the above condition, and the smallest such value is
called the period.
State the period of each of the following periodic functions:
(i) f (x) = sin x
(ii) f (x) = cos x
(iii) f (x) = tan x
(iv) f (x) = 2 sin x
(v) f (x) = sin 2x

x
(vi) f (x) = cos 2
(vii) f (x) = cosec x
(viii) f (x) = sec x
5. State the domain and the range of each of the functions given in question No. 4.
Submit solutions for the following questions, on or before 25th Novem-

ber 2020.
1. (i), (ii), (iv), (vii), (x)
2. (i), (iii), (iv)
3. (i), (iii), (vii), (x)
4. (i), (v), (vi)
5. (ii), (v), (vii)
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Problem Set 12
1. A person stands 50m away from a flagpole and measures an angle of elevation of 320 from
his horizontal line of sight to the top of the flagpole. Assume that the person’s eyes are a
vertical distance of 1.8m from the ground. What is the height of the flagpole?
2. A person standing 130m from the base of a mountain measures the angle of elevation from
the ground to the top of the mountain to be 250 . The person when walks 160m straight
back measures the angle of elevation to now be 200 . How tall is the mountain?
3. A hot air balloon 1400m above the ground measures an angle of depression of 240 from
its horizontal line of sight to the base of a house on the ground. Assuming the ground is
flat, how far away along the ground is the house from the balloon?
4. From a position 50m above the ground, an observer in a building measures angles of
depression of 120 and 300 to the top and bottom, respectively, of a smaller building, as in
the picture on the right. Use this to find the height h of the smaller building.
5. A person standing a m from the base of a mountain measures an angle of elevation α

from the ground to the top of the mountain. The person then walks b m straight back
and measures an angle of elevation β to the top of the mountain, as in the picture on the
right. Assuming the ground is level, find a formula for the height h of the mountain in
terms of a, b, α and β.
6. Two banks of a river are parallel, and the distance between two points A and B along one
bank is 150m. For a point C on the opposite bank, ∠BAC = 560 and ∠ABC = 410 , as
in the picture on the right. What is the width w of the river. (Hint: Divide AB into two
pieces)
7. The machine tool diagram on the right shows a symmetric worm thread, in which a circular
roller of diameter 3cm sits. Find the amount d that the top of the roller rises above the
top of the thread, given the information in the diagram. (Hint: Extend the slanted sides
of the thread until they meet at a point.)
Submit answers for questions 1, 3 and 5 on or before 2nd December 2020.
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Problem Set 13
1. Show that,
r
0 03
(i) sin 15 + cos 15 = .
2
1
(ii) sin 150 − cos 150 = − √ .
2
2. Let t = tan 2θ . Show that
1 − t2
(i) cos θ = .
1 + t2
2t
(ii) sin θ = .
1 + t2
3. Show that,
π
(i) tan−1 (1) − tan−1 (−1) = .
2
√ 7π
(ii) sin−1 ( 12 ) + cos−1 ( 2
3
) + tan−1 ( √12 ) = .
12
π
(iii) 2tan−1 ( 13 ) − tan−1 ( 17 ) = .
4
4. Let α = tan−1 ( 15 ).
5
Show that, tan 2α = .
12
120
Deduce that, tan 4α = .
119
π
Hence, show that, 4tan−1 ( 15 ) − tan−1 ( 239
1
)= .
4
5. Show that,
(i) sin−1 ( 35 ) + sin−1 ( 17

8
) = sin−1 ( 77
85
).
π
(ii) 2tan−1 ( 15 ) + tan−1 ( 17 ) + tan−1 ( 18 ) = .
4
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Problem Set 1
1. In each of the following,
i. plot the points
ii. find the distance between the points
iii. find the mid-point of the line segment joining the points:
(a) (1,-1) and (-2,3)

1 1 1 1
(b) − , − and − , −
2 3 6 2
(c) (1, 0) and (−1, 2).
2. (a) Show that (−1, 3), (3, 5) and (5, 1) are the vertices of a right triangle.
(b) Show that (1, −3), (3, 2) and (−2, 4) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
(c) Let A ≡ (−8, 4), B ≡ (2, 11) and C ≡ (−5, 1).

True or false: the triangle ABC is isosceles.
3. Find the quadrant(s) in which (x, y) is located so that the given condition(s)
is (are) satisfied:
i. x > 0 and y > 0,
ii. x < 0 and y > 0,
iii. xy > 0,
iv. xy < 0.
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4. Shade each of the following regions:
(i.) x < 0 and y > 2
(ii.) x > 1
(iii.) x > 3 and y < −1
(iv.) y < 7
5. Let A ≡ (−1, 3), B ≡ (3, 5) and C ≡ (5, 1).

Find the slope of the lines joining,
i. A and B
ii. B and C
iii. C and A
Let M be the mid-point of AC.

Find the slope of the line BM .
6. Find the coordinates of the points that divide the line segment joining
A ≡ (1, −2) and B ≡ (4, −1) into four equal parts.
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Problem Set 2
1. Solve each of the following quadratic equations:
(i) x2 + x − 6 = 0
(ii) 2x2 − 3x + 1 = 0
(iii) 3x2 − x + 2 = 0
(iv) 2x2 + 3x − 1 = 0
(v) x2 − x − 1 = 0
(vi) x2 + 7x + 14 = 0
2. Express each of the following in the form (x − p)2 + q, where p and q are integers:
(i) x2 − 6x + 3
(ii) x2 − 4x + 7
(iii) x2 + 2x + 5
3. The quadratic equation 3x2 + 5x + 2k = 0 has equal roots. Find the value of the constant k.
9
4. the equation x2 + 3x + k = 0 has real distinct roots. Show that k < − .
4
5. The equation (2k − 1)x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 has no real solutions. Show that k > 1.
11
6. The equation x2 − x + (k + 3) = 0 has real roots. Show that k ≤ − .
4
7. The quadratic equation x2 − 2(2k + 1)x + 8k 2 − 7 = 0 has equal roots.

Show that k 2 − k − 2 = 0.
Hence, find the possible values of k.
For each of these values of k, solve x2 − 2(2k + 1)x + 8k 2 − 7 = 0.
8. The quadratic equation x2 − 3x + 6 = 0 has roots α and β.

Hence, find the value of α2 + β 2 .
9. The quadratic equation x2 + 2x + 5 = 0 has roots α and β.

Let p = α + 2β and q = 2α + β. Find the values of p + q and pq.
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Problem Set 14
1. Write each of the following in the form 2kx , where k is a constant:
√
(i) 4x (v) ( 2)3x
1 x
(ii)
4 16x
(vi)
8−x
(iii) 23x 4−3x
82x 2x 28x
(iv) (vii) 5−x 102x
165x 14x 20x
2. Solve each of the following equations for x:
(i) 3 e2x = 5 (vii) ln (3x) = 5
(ii) 2 e1−3x = 3 (viii) ln (5x) = ln 3

1
(iii) e2x − 3 ex + 2 = 0 (ix) ln (4 − x) =
2
(iv) e2x − ex − 2 = 0 (x) ln (x2 + 1) = 3
(v) (ex )2 e2−3x = 4 (xi) ln (ln (5x)) = 0
2
(vi) 3 e−x = 2 (xii) 2 e−3x = 5
3. Simplify each of the following:
(i) ln e3 . (vi) ln 4 + ln 6 − ln 12
(ii) e2 ln 1
(vii) ln x − ln x2 + ln x4
(iii) ln e + eln 1
ln x2
(viii)
(iv) ln 5 + ln 7 ln x3
5x
1 1 e 2 − e3x
(v) ln 9 − ln 27 (ix) √
2 3 ex
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4. Sketch the graph of each of the following functions:
(i) f (x) = 5x
(ii) f (x) = 3x
(iii) f (x) = 2−x
(iv) f (x) = 2ex
(v) f (x) = e−x
(vi) f (x) = ln x
(vii) f (x) = ln (x − 1)
Submit solutions for questions 1, 2, 3 and 4 (i),(iii),(vii), on or before
24th December 2020.
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Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

1. In each of the following,

i. plot the points

ii. find the distance between the points

(a) (1,-1) and (-2,3)

(c) Let A ≡ (−8, 4), B ≡ (2, 11) and C ≡ (−5, 1).

i. x > 0 and y > 0,

ii. x < 0 and y > 0,

4. Shade each of the following regions:

(i.) x < 0 and y > 2

(iii.) x > 3 and y < −1

5. Let A ≡ (−1, 3), B ≡ (3, 5) and C ≡ (5, 1).

Let M be the mid-point of AC.

Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

7. In each of the following, insert the required factor in the parentheses

iii. x2 (x3 − 1)4 = ( )(x3 − 1)4 (3x2 )

iv. 2(y − 5)1/2 + y(y − 5)−1/2 = (y − 5)−1/2 ( )

ix. x1/3 − 5x4/3 = x1/3 ( )

x. 3(2x + 1)x1/2 + 4x3/2 = x1/2 ( )

xi. (1 − 3x)4/3 − 4x(1 − 3x)1/3 = (1 − 3x)1/3 ( )

3 7/3 3 4/3 3(t + 1)4/3

8. Write each of the following fractions as a sum of two or more terms

9. Simplify each of the following expressions

−2(x2 − 3)−3 (2x)(x + 1)3 − 3(x + 1)2 (x2 − 3)−2

iii. (2x − 1)1/2 − (x + 2)(2x − 1)−1/2

C(−7, 5) find the fourth vertex

(b) slope −3, y intercept 5

(c) Through A(−5, −7), B(3, −4)

(d) x-intercept −4, y-intercept y

(e) Through A(8, −2), y-intercept −3

(f) Slope 6, x-intercept −2

(g) Through A(10, −6), parallel to y-axis

(h) Through (−5, 1), perpendicular to x-axis

(i) Through A(7, −3), perpendicular to the line with equation 2x − 5y = 8

of the line segment AB

i. A = (0, 0), B = (1, 4), C = (4, 0)

ii. A = (0, 0), B = (4, 5), C = (5, −2)

Submit answers for the following questions on or before 23/07/2020.

2. (a) and (b)

4. (iii) and (iv)

7. (ii), (iv),(vii) and (xi)

9. (ii) and (iii)

15. (a),(b), (c) and (d)

19. (a),(b),(c) and (d)

Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

7. The quadratic equation x2 − 2(2k + 1)x + 8k 2 − 7 = 0 has equal roots.

8. The quadratic equation x2 − 3x + 6 = 0 has roots α and β.

9. The quadratic equation x2 + 2x + 5 = 0 has roots α and β.

Rajarata University of Sri Lanka

1. Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation x2 + kx − 3 = 0 in terms of k, where k ∈ R.

3. By satisfying y = x2 , find the roots of the equation x4 − 4x2 − 5 = 0.

i. Calculate the slope of AB.

ii. Show that BC is perpendicular to AB.

iii. Find an equation of the straight line passing through B and C.

v. Find the area of triangle ABC

7. i. Find the slope of the line l1 which has equation 4x − 3y + 5 = 0.

i. Center: (0, 0); Radius: 4

ii. Center: (2, −1); Radius: 7

iii. Center: (−1, 2); Through the point: (0, 0)

iv. End points of a diameter: (0, 0), (6, 8)

ii. (x − 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9

i. Calculate the radius of the circle

iii. Show that the tangent to the circle at B has equation 4x − 3y − 31 = 0.