Tier 1 (Biomedical Equipment) and their Cost of PM:

Tier 1 (Biomedical Equipment) Cost of PM

1. Respirators
2. Iron lungs

Labor Cost ( LC) + Inventory Cost

3. Hemodialysis machines
4. Suction machines
5. Electric nerve stimulator
6. Pressure pads and pumps
7. Aerosol tents
8. Electrostatic and ultrasonic

(IC) = Cost of PM
nebulizers
9. Compressors
10. Intermittent positive
pressure breathing (IPPB)
machines
11. Motorized wheelchair

Calibration Steps for ECG, Defibrillator and Dialysis Machine:

Calibration
ECG Defibrillator Dialysis Machine
1. Turn the machine on. Depress the “1 1. Unplug from the mains 1. Touch Screen
millivolt” or “calibration” button. 2. Crank them up to max Calibration
a. For analogue machines: Check Joules 2. Hydraulic Calibration
that the stylus has deflected 10 3. Carry out ten Procedures
small squares, similar to the consecutive charges a. Deaeration and
picture at right. and discharges (into a Loading Pressure
b. For electric machines: Ensure that tester) at max output Calibration
a square wave form appears when 4. Note first and last b. Flow Pressure
the button is pressed. The wave output readings Calibration
should resemble the picture at 5. Do a couple more c. Balance
right. discharges at different Chamber
2. Find someone who will be your test (lower) settings Calibration
patient. 6. Check that those d. Acid Pump
3. Clean the test patient’s chest with an (lower) outputs are Volume
alcohol swab. Attach the electrodes and within limits Calibration
leads to the patient. Follow the ECG If they pass that test (and e. Bicarbonate
manual for electrode placement. Use the they should), then they are pump volume
pictures below as a guide. The number of good defibs! Otherwise, they f. UF Pump
electrodes you will attach depends if the are "false insurance". Volume
 ECG is made for 3-lead (monitoring) or
12-lead (diagnostic) use. 3-lead ECG’s 3. Sensor Calibration
generally have four connections to the Procedures
patient. 12-lead ECG’s have ten a. Arterial Pressure
connections to the patient. Calibration
4. Check the ECG heart rate measurement. b. Venous Pressure
Then measure the heart rate of patient Calibration
manually. Compare the calculated heart c. Dialysate
rate to the ECG’s reading. The ECG Pressure
reading should match within 2 beats per Calibration
minute d. Temperature
5. Check the alarms: Sensor
a. Set the maximum heart rate by Calibration
navigating through the machine’s e. Post
menus** to an option resembling Temperature
“alarm limits.” Set the maximum Sensor
heart rate on the ECG machine below Calibration
your patient’s heart rate. The high f. Temperature
heart rate (tachycardia) alarm should Control
sound. Calibration
b. Set the minimum rate alarm on the g. Blood Leak
ECG machine above your patient’s Calibration
heart rate. The low heart rate h. Conductivity
(bradycardia) alarm should sound. Cell Calibration
c. Remove the wires from the patient. 4. Monitor Calibration
The electrode-off (or lead-off) alarm Procedures
on the ECG machine should sound. a. Set Clock
If the ECG has an apnea monitor, follow this b. Voltage Detection
procedure: Calibration
1. Attach the electrodes to the patient c. Arterial Pump Rate
following the picture guide and the ECG d. Venous Pump Rate
manual.
2. Check the breathing rate.
a. Count how many breaths are taken over 1
minute.
b. Compare the calculated breathing rate to
the ECG machine’s reading. The ECG
machine’s reading should be within 1
breath per minute.
3. Check the alarms
a. Set the maximum breathing rate on the
ECG apnea monitor below your patient’s
breathing rate. The high breathing
(hyperventilation) alarm should sound.
b. Set the minimum breathing rate on the
ECG apnea monitor above your patient’s
breathing rate. The low breathing
(hypoventilation) alarm should sound.
c. Instruct the patient to hold his breath. The
apnea alarm should sound.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Simulation:

Simulation
Advantages
1. It can avoid danger and loss of life.
2. Conditions can be varied and outcomes
investigated.
3. Critical situations can be investigated without
risk.
4. It is cost effective.
5. Simulations can be sped up so behaviour can
be studied easily over a long period of time.
6. Simulations can be slowed down to study
behaviour more closely
Disadvantages
1. It can be expensive to measure how one thing
affects another, to take the initial measurements
and to create the model itself (such as
aerodynamic wind tunnels).
2. To simulate something, a thorough understanding
is needed and an awareness of all the factors
involved. Without this, a simulation cannot be
created.
3. Simulation models are often expensive and time-
consuming to develop.
4. If a model is not a “valid” representation of a
system under study, the simulation results, no
matter how impressive they appear, will provide
little useful information about the actual system.

Objectives of using Simulation in PM procedure:

1. to determine the possible effects of machine breakdowns and preventive maintenance to process
and maintain costs. The actual damage or breakdown of machines is difficult to observe and
usually expensive.
2. to Compare Maintenance Strategies
3. to estimate the cost and average availability that can be expected over the operational life of the
equipment when a particular maintenance strategy is employed. The calculations can then be
 used to compare available maintenance strategies so that the analyst can select the most cost-
effective strategy that provides an acceptable level of performance.
Equipment Evaluation Criteria:
*To be completed once the client has used the equipment in the intended environment for 4 -12 weeks.
1. CLIENT INFORMATION
Client Name Last Name Enable NSW program
Aids and Equipment Program
First Name SEED

Title Mr Mrs Ms Miss Date of birth

Other
Address

Suburb Postcode

Equipment item/s this evaluation relates to:

Method of evaluation: Home visit Clinic appointment Other please detail
2. EQUIPMENT EVALUATION
a) Is the client using the equipment? Yes No
b) Comment on the client’s use of the equipment and how it meets the client’s functional goal
as stated on the equipment request form.
c) Are the client and all users of the equipment safe using the equipment? Yes No
d) Has all the required set up, installation and customisation occurred? N/A Yes No
e) If No is ticked in any above please comment here:
Client’s circumstances have changed
Equipment requires adjustment or repair
Incorrect equipment or customization
Changes to care or environment
Additional Comments
3. ACTION TO RESOLVE PROBLEMS
a) What actions have already been taken to resolve these problems?

b) Are further actions required? Yes No

If yes, please detail
44. CLIENT AGREEMENT
Is client in agreement with above? Yes No
If no, provide details
Name and contact details (address, phone, email) Signature:
of person completing form:
Qualification:
Days/Hours available:
Date:
Office Use Only