BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I

Buratinogigle-Tran Quang Hung and parmenides51-Takis Chronopoulos

June 4, 2021

Preface
Buratino by Russian writer Tolstoy entered my subconscious through the stories of my mother in my
childhood. Later, when I joined AoPS, I still loved him and took my nickname as Buratinogigle (Bu-
ratino with a smile).
Until now, I have had the opportunity to introduce some of my problems to AoPS under the Mock
contest called: BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I (2021). This mock
has the style of the Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, IMO, and a bit of study in Euclidean geometry, but
mostly IMO-like problems because of the upcoming IMO in Russia. I would like to take this opportu-
nity to wish the IMO in Russia a great success this time around. Thank you to my companion Takis
Chronopoulos for helping me so much.
The rules I wrote in the topic of the same name in AoPS so I do not repeat. I just want to repeat the
timeline

ˆ Mock opening date to start accepting registrations: May 28, 2021 (GMT+7).

ˆ The problems upload date: June 4, 2021 (GMT+7).

ˆ Closing date: 23:59 (GMT+7) June 12, 2021 (we will not accept further answers after this time).

A little introduction to the logo printed on the pages: It can be considered as my first research on the
Golden Ratio and was published by Forum Geometricorum. I love the Golden Ratio in Geometry, it’s the
exact Golden Ratio, not an approximation. I came to geometry but not any other subject because I loved
the natural beauty of Geometry, later studying Mathematics and teaching gifted students influenced the
development of my Geometry. I love the beauty of geometry in general, and with the appearance of my
3D geometry problem, I hope to erase the prejudice that I can only work on plane geometry.
From the very first days when I joined AoPS, I learned about ”beautiful” geometry from the Greek
architect Kostas Vittas, I sincerely thank him. Later my geometry got a lot of help and encouragement
from my Russian friends, especially Professor Zaslavsky, I am grateful to him. I would like to thank
Alexander Skutin from Lomonosov University for contributing to a nice problem. We would also like
to thank AoPS moderators and admins for supporting the contest.

On behalf of Takis, I would like to write the preface

Best regards
Tran Quang Hung.
BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 2

1 Square
Problem 1. Let ABCD be a square inscribed in circle (O), and let P be a point on the minor arc AB
of (O). The lines P C, P D meet the diagonals BD, AC at points E, F , respectively. The lines AE,
BF meet the lines P D, P C at points S, T , respectively. The points K, L are the projections of S, T ,
respectively to AB, and Q is the common point of lines KT and LS. Prove that the line P Q bisects the
segment OM , where M is the midpoint of side CD.

Proposed by Buratino

D M C

S T
Q

K B
A L

Figure 1: Square and an arbitrary point on a minor arc

BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 3

2 Scalene triangle
Problem 2. Let ABC be a scalene triangle with incenter I. Let A0 , B0 , C0 be the midpoints of sides BC,
CA, AB, respectively. Let Na , Nb , Nc be the nine-point centers of triangles IBC, ICA, IAB, respectively.
Let P be the radical center of circles diameter A0 Na , B0 Nb , C0 Nc . Prove that the line N P bisects the
segment IG, where N and G are the nine-point center and centroid of triangle ABC, respectively.

Proposed by Buratino

C0 B0

Nc I G
Na
N

Nb

B A0 C

Figure 2: Radical center in a scalene triangle

BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 4

3 Five cyclic points

Problem 3. Let ABC be a triangle and given two points P , Q on its circumcircle. Let k be a constant
and let X be a point on lines BC such that
tan ∠P XC
= k.
tan ∠BXQ
Similarly, we define the points Y and Z. Prove that three points X, Y , Z are collinear.

Proposed by Alexander Skutin

B C
X

Figure 3: Collinear points with five cyclic points

Comment. This problem is a generalization of Arseny Akopyan’s problem where k = 1.

BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 5

4 Hexagon
Problem 4. Let ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be two triangles inscribed in a circle such that AB 0 CA0 BC 0 is a
convex hexagon. Consider the intersection points X ≡ B 0 C 0 ∩ AC, Y ≡ B 0 A0 ∩ AC, Z ≡ A0 B 0 ∩ CB,
U ≡ A0 C 0 ∩ CB, V ≡ C 0 A0 ∩ BA, and W ≡ C 0 B 0 ∩ BA. Let O1 , O2 , O3 , O4 , O5 , and O6 be the
circumcenters of triangles XAB 0 , Y B 0 C, ZCA0 , U A0 B, V BC 0 , and W C 0 A, respectively. Prove that the
lines O1 O4 , O2 O5 , and O3 O6 are concurrent.

Proposed by Buratino

O1
A
O6
B'
X
W

C'
Y O2
I

O5 V

U Z
B C

O4 O3
A'

Figure 4: Hexagon with concurrent lines

BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 6

5 Quadrilateral
Problem 5. A quadrilateral ABCD is given and let K, L, M , N be the midpoints of its side-segments
AB, BC, CD, DA, respectively. Prove that the line KM bisects the segment ST , where S ≡ AQ ∩ BP
and T ≡ CN ∩ DL and P , Q, are the midpoints of the diagonals AC, BD, respectively.

Proposed by Kostas Vittas

W L
P
Q
N
S

A K B

Figure 5: Line bisects segment in quadrilateral

BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 7

6 Intouch triangle and median triangle

Problem 6. Let A0 , B0 , C0 be the midpoints of sides BC, CA, AB, and A1 , B1 , C1 be the touching
points of these sides with the incircle of triangle ABC.

a) Let A0 C0 , B0 C0 meet A1 B1 at P and Q respectively. Prove that P , Q, C0 , C1 are concyclic.

b) Let A1 C1 , B1 C1 meet A0 B0 at X and Y respectively. Prove that the circle XY C1 passes through
the foot of the altitude from C.

c) Prove that four points X, Y , P , Q lie on a circle centered at J, and Y P , XQ, CJ are concurrent

Proposed by Alexey Zaslavsky

C
J

A1 Z
Y B0 P
A0
X
B1 Q

A K C1 C0 B

Figure 6: Intouch triangle and median triangle

BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 8

7 Golden Ratio
Problem 7. Let ABCD be a square √ with P lying on side AB. Prove that P divides the segment BA in
the Golden ratio i.e. P A = ϕ (ϕ = 5+1
PB
2
) if and only if Euler line of triangle P CD goes through B.

Proposed by Buratino

A P B

D C

Figure 7: Golden Ratio with square and Euler line

BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 9

8 Circumscribed trapezoid
Problem 8. Let ABCD be a circumscribed trapezoid with bases AB and CD. Let P be an arbitrary
point such that P D, P C meet the side AB at points Q, R, respectively. Let J be the touching point
of incircle triangle P CD with CD. Prove that IJ is perpendicular to KL, where K, L, and I are the
incenters of QAD, RBC, and ABCD, respectively.

Proposed by Buratino

A Q R B
K

D J C

Figure 8: Perpendicular lines in circumscribed trapezoid

BMoEG-I (2021): Buratino’s Mock of Euclidean Geometry-I 10

9 3D geometry
Problem 9. Let ABCD be a tetrahedron in 3D space. By making cuts along the edges AB, AC, AD
and rotating the faces ABC, ACD, ADB outwards into the plane (BCD), we unfold the tetrahedron to
the polygon BXCY DZ. Let Oa be the circumcenter of the triangle XY Z. Let Ha be the feet of altitude
from A of tetrahedron ABCD. Let Ka be the midpoint of AHa . Line `a connects two points Oa and Ka .
Define similarly the lines `b , `c , `d . Prove that four lines `a , `b , `c , `d are concurrent.

Proposed by Buratino

Ka

X Ha

Oa
D
C

Figure 9: Concurrent lines in space