A family of lines and circles passing through a fixed point

Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle

Hanoi, July 2016

Contents

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Suggested problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

1 Introduction
Geometric problems about ”fixed point” appear in many competitions in our country Vietnam.
In this report, I have collected some such problems mainly from competitions in Vietnam. On
the occasion of training for the Saudi team, I have translated some of these problems into
English and would like to introduce them to AoPS readers.

2 Problems
Problem 1 (HSGS TST Second round in 2011-2012, the second day). Convex quadrilateral
ABCD, which have not two perpendicular diagonal and is inscribed in circle (O). P is moving
_
point on the chord AB not contain C, D. P D cuts AC at M , P C cuts BD at N . The
circumcircle or the triangles AP M, BP N cut each other again at Q.

a) Prove that P Q always passing through a fixed point T .

b) Call by E the intersection of AC with BD, I is the midpoint of CD. Prove that E, I, T
collinear.

Problem 2 (HSGS TST Third round 3 in 2011-2012, first day). Let triangle ABC. M is moving
point on BC. B 0 is lying on a segment AC, C 0 is lying on AB such that M B 0 k AB, M C 0 k AC.
Call by Nb , Nc the center of Euler circle of the triangle M BC 0 and M CB 0 respectively. T is
the midpoint of Nb Nc . Prove that M T is always passing through a fixed point.

Problem 3 (HSGS TST first round in 2012-2013, first day). Let the quadrilateral ABCD
is inscribed in (O) and AB is not the diameter of the circle (O). P is moving point on the
_
chord CD not contain A, B of the circle (O). P A cuts DB, DC at E, F respectively. P B cuts
CA, CD at G, H respectively. GF cuts EH at Q. Prove that P Q is always passing through
when P is moving.

Problem 4 (HSGS TST second round in 2013-2014, first day). Let the fixed acute non-isocesles
triangle ABC and inscribed in circle (O). D is lying on the segment BC such that AD is the

1
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 2

bisector of ∠BAC. P is moving point on the segment AD. Q is lying on the segment AD such
that ∠P BC = ∠QBA. R is the projection of Q on the segment BC. Call by d the straight
line passing through the point R and perpendicular with OP . Prove that the line d is always
passing through a fixed point when P is moving.

Problem 5. Let the triangle ABC is inscribed in circle (O). P is a point on the circle (O). K
is the center of Euler circle of the triangle P BC.

a) Prove that the line is passing through K perpendicular with P A is always passing through
a fixed point when P is moving.

b) Call by point H the projection of K on P A. Prove that perpendicular bisector of AH is

always passing through a fixed point when P is moving.

Problem 6. Let the segment BC fixed and an arbitrary point P belong to one second plane
with edge BC, we draw outside of the triangle P BC two rays Bx, Cy such that ∠P Bx =
β, ∠P Cy = γ is unchanged , β, γ < 90◦ . Call by A the intersection of Bx, Cy. Call by M, N
the projection of P on Bx, Cy. Prove that the line is passing through A and perpendicular
with M, N is always passing through a fixed point when P is moving.

Problem 7. Let the triangle ABC, A b 6= 90◦ . D is the fixed point on the edge BC. P is the
point inside the triangle ABC. Call by B1 , C1 the projection of P on AC, AB respectively.
DB1 , DC1 cut AB, AC at C2 , B2 respectively. The other intersection A of the circumcircle of
the triangle AB1 C1 and AB2 C2 is Q. Prove that P Q is always passing a fixed point when P is
moving.

Problem 8. Let the circle (O) and the point I is not lying on the (O). M N is a chord passing
through I. P is a fixed point not lying on the circle (O).

a) Prove that the circumcircle of the triangle P M N is always passing through a second fixed
point differ P .

b) Call by K, L the intersection again of P M, P N cut (O). Prove that the circumcircle of
the triangle P KL is always passing through a fixed point differ P .

Problem 9. Let the triangle inscribed in the fixed circle (O) with the fixed chord BC that it is
_
not diameter. A is moving on the bigger chord BC . (K) is the fixed circle passing through B, C
and cuts again CA, AB at E, F respectively. G, H are projection of B, C on E, F respectively.
The circumcircles of the triangle ACH and the triangle ABG cut each other again at D. Prove
that AD is always passing through a fixed point when A is moving.

Problem 10 (Mathley 9). Let the triangle ABC be inscribed in the circle (O). M belongs to
the perpendicular bisector of BC. I1 , I2 is the center of the incircle of the triangle M AB, M AC.
Prove that the circumcircle of the triangle AI1 I2 is always passing through a fixed point differ
A when M is moving.

Problem 11. Let the triangle ABC. E, F is moving on the edges CA, AB such that CE = BF .
Prove that the Euler line of the triangle AEF is always passing through a fixed point when
E, F are moving.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 3

Problem 12 (VMO 2012). Let the triangle ABC, the incircle (I) touches CA, AB at E, F
respectively. G, H is symetry of E, F through I respectively. The line GH intersect IB, IC
AB
at P, Q respectively. Supposed B, C are fixed, A is moving such that the ratio = k is
AC
constant. Prove that the perpendicular bisector of P Q is always passing through one fixed
point.
Problem 13 (Extension of HNUE High School for the Gifted TST 2013). Let the triangle
_
ABC inscribed in fixed circle (O) and B, C are fixed and A is moving on the bigger chord BC .
To build outside of the triangle ABC parallelograms ABKL, ACM N such that 4ABL ∼
4CAM . The lines AN, AL cut CM, BK at E, F respectively. Call by P the intersection of
the circumcircles LM E and N F K inside the triangle ABC. Prove that the line AP is always
passing through one fixed point when A is moving.
Problem 14. Let one point A on the fixed circle (O). d is a fixed line and B is fixed on d. P
is moving on d. The incircle (K) of the triangle ABP cuts (O) again at Q. AQ cuts d at M .
AP cuts (O) again at N . Prove that M N is always passing through one fixed point when P is
moving.
Problem 15. Let the triangle ABC, P is an arbitrary. A1 is parallel projection of P follow
the direct l fixed on BC. A2 is the midpoint of AA1 . A2 P cuts BC at A3 . A4 is symmetric of
A1 through A3 . Prove that P A4 is always passing through one fixed point.
Problem 16 (Extension of VMO 2014). Let the acute triangle ABC, inscribed in the fixed
circle (O), B, C is fixed and A is moving on (O). D is midpoint of BC. The tangent A of the
circle (O) cuts BC at E. The circumcircle of the triangle ADE cuts (O) again at F . Prove
that the straight line AF is always passing through one fixed point when the A is moving.
Problem 17. Let the triangle ABC, inscribed in (O). The bisector of the angle ∠BAC cuts
(O) again at D. E is symmetric point of B through AD. BE cuts (O) again at F . P is moving
point on the edge AC. BP cuts (O) again at Q. The linear passing through C parallel AQ
cuts F D at G.
a) Call by H the intersection of the EG and BC. Prove that B, P, E, H are on the same
circle called (K).
b) Call by L the intersection again of (K) and (O). Prove that LP is always passing through
one fixed point S when P is moving.
c) Call by T the midpoint of P E. Prove that the linear passing through T is parallel with
LS then divide AF dually.
Problem 18 (Extension of VNU-HCM High School for the Gifted TST in 2014). Let the
triangle ABC. The flexible circle (K) touches CA, AB. The circle (M ) passing through A, C
touches inside (K) at E. The circle (N ) is passing through A, B touches inside (K) at F . The
bisectors of the angle ∠AEC and ∠AF B intersect at L. Prove that the linear KL is always
passing through one fixed point when the (K) is moving.
Problem 19. Let the fixed chord BC of the circle (O). A is moving on (O), I is the incenter
of the triangle ABC. IA cuts (O) again at D. M is the midpoint of BC. N belongs to (O)
such that DN k IM . P belongs to (O) such that N P k AD. Prove that P I is always passing
through one fixed point when the A is moving.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 4

3 Solutions
This section presents the detailed solutions for all problems in the previous section. However,
my advice is that you try thinking and find out the interesting solution for yourself before
seeing the solutions.
Problem 1 (HSGS TST in 2011-2012 second day). Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral, it’s
_
diagonal is not perpendicular and inscribed in a circle (O). P is moving point on the arc AB
not contain C, D. P D cuts AC at M , P C cuts BD at N . The circumcircles of AP M, BP N
cut each other again at Q.
a) Prove that P Q is always passing through fixed point T .

b) Call by AC the intersect of E and BD, I is midpoint of CD. Prove that E, I, T collinear.
B
P

Q N
A
M E

K I J
H D C G

T
x
y

Figure 1.

Solution. a) Call by Ax, By are the tangents of (AP N ), (BP N ) at A and B respectively.
Easily seen ∠xAC = ∠AP D = ∠ACD is constant, deduce Ax is fixed. Similarly By is fixed.
Call by T the intersection of Ax, By. Then, we have seen ∠BAT = ∠BAC + ∠CAT =
∠BAC + ∠AP D = ∠BAC + ∠ABD = ∠BEC. Similarly ∠ABT = ∠BEC. Thence the
triangle ABT is isosceles at T or T A2 = T B 2 then T is belong to radical axis of (AP M ) and
(BP N ). Thence P Q is passing through the fixed point T . We are done.
b) Call by I intersection of ET and CD. We will prove that I is the midpoint of CD.
Indeed, call by H the intersection again of (ACT ) and CD, call by G the intersection again
of (BDT ) and CD, call by K, J the intersection of AT, BT and CD. Easily seen the triangles
ID IE IC
DBJ and KAC are isosceles and follow GT k BD, HT k AC. Deduce = = (1).
IG IT IH
Note that ET is radical axis of (ACT ) and (BDT ) and I belongs to ET then ID.IG =
IC.IH (2).
From (1), (2) deduce ID2 = IC 2 or I is the midpoint of CD. We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 5

Problem 2 (HSGS TST third round in 2011-2012 first day). Let the triangle ABC. M is the
midpoint moving on the linear BC. B 0 is lied on the segment AC, C 0 is lied on segment AB so
that M B 0 k AB, M C 0 k AC. Call Nb , Nc is the center of Euler circles of the triangles M BC 0
and M CB 0 respectively. T is midpoint Nb Nc . Prove that M T is always passing through a fixed
point.
A

B'
C'
N

T Nc
Nb

B M C

Figure 2.

Solution. Call by N the center of Eule circle of the triangle ABC. We will prove M T is
passing through fixed N , indeed
Because of the center of Euler circle is the midpoint of the segment from perpendicular bi-
sector center to incircle center, thence the property of similar triangle easily showing B, Nb , N
BNb MB N Nc
and C, Nc , N are collinear. Moreover = = . Thence easily seen the quadri-
Nb N MC Nc C
lateral N Nb M Nc is parallel. Then M N is passing through the midpoint T of Nb Nc or M T is
passing fixed N . We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 6

Problem 3 (HSGS TST round in 2012-2013 first day). Let the quadrilateral ABCD inscribed
in a circle (O) and AB is the diameter of the circle (O). P is the moving point on the chord
_
CD not contain A, B of (O). P A cut DB, DC at E, F respectively. P B cut CA, CD at G, H
respectively. GF intersect EH at Q. Prove that P Q is always passing through a fixed point
when P is moving.

S
S B
R
B
A A

N
G O
E
M
E
O
C
Q H
D C D
F H
P

P
Figure 3.

Solution. Call the tangent at B of (O) and intersect AC at S and tangent at C of (O) intersect
BD at T . Wewill provethat S, E, H and T, F, G are collinear, indeed apply Pascal theorem
P CB
for six points we have S, E, H collinear. Analogously deduce T, F, G are collinear.
DBA
Call QA the section BD at M , QB intersect AC at N , we have change following double
ratio
A(P Q, BT ) = (EM, BT ) = Q(EM, BT ) = Q(SA, N G) = (SA, N G) = (N G, SA) =
(GN, AS) = B(P Q, AS).
Thence deduce the intersection R of AT and BS is lying on P Q, and AT, BS are fixed,
deduce P Q is passing though the fixed R.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 7

Problem 4 (HSGS TST second round in 2013-2014 first day). Let the triangle ABC is fixed,
acute, non-isocesles, inscribed in the circle (O). D is the point lying on the segment BC such
that AD is the bisector ∠BAC. P is the moving point on the segment AD. Q is the point
lying on the segment AD so that ∠P BC = ∠QBA. R is the projector of Q on the segment
BC. Call d linear passing through R and perpendicular with OP . Prove that the linear d is
always passing through a fixed point when P is moving.
F

Q
O

K D
R M C
B
N H

E
Figure 4.

First solution. Call AD cut (O) again at E. EF is the diameter of (O). M is the midpoint
of BC. N is reflection of M through AD. H is the midpoint of M N then H lying on AD. We
will prove that the linear passing through R perpendicular OP is always passing through fixed
N , indeed
Easely have ∠RM N = ∠OEP (1).
On other hand, according to Thales’s theorem and mentioned that 4HDM ∼ 4M DE we
have changed the ratio
QE DE ME 2M E MN 2M E
= = = deduce = (2).
RM DM HM MN MR QE
We also have the angle change ∠P BE = ∠P BC + ∠CBE = ∠QBA + ∠QAB = ∠BQE.
Thence have 4EBP ∼ 4EQB deduce EP.EQ = EB 2 = EM.EF = 2EM.EO deduce
2M E EP
= (3).
QE EO
MN EP
From (2),(3) deduce = (4).
MR EO
From (1),(4) deduce 4EP O ∼ 4M N R deduce ∠M N R = ∠EP O. Then call RN cut
OP at K easily the quadrilateral P HN K incircle deduce ∠K = ∠P HN = 90◦ . Then RN
perpendicular OP or the linear passing through R and perpendicular with OP is always passing
through fixed point N . We are done.
Remark. The above proof is pure geometric, showing the interesting of the problem.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 8

Q
O

P
X
R
B C
H M
N
Y

E
Figure 5.

Second solution. Similar the first part, call by E the intersection again of the AD and (O).
EF is the diameter of the circle (O). M is the midpoint of BC. N is the reflection of M
through AD. H is the midpoint of M N then H belong to AD. We will prove that the linear
passing through R perpendicular OP is always passing through fixed point N . Indeed, easily
seen ∠RM N = ∠OEP (1).
Moreover according to Thales theorem and mentioned that 4HDM ∼ 4M DE we have
QE DE ME
the exchange ratio = = (2)
RM DM HM
We also have the exchange of the angle ∠P BE = ∠P BC + ∠CBE = ∠QBA + ∠QAB =
BE BE
∠BQE. Then have 4EBP ∼ 4EQB deduce = (3)
PE QE
HM M H M E BE QE BE BE
Used (2),(3) we have the following exchange = . . = . . =
PE M E BE P E RM EF QE
RM
(4).
EF
From (1),(4) deduce 4M HR ∼ 4EP F then deduce ∠M RH = ∠EF P deduce P F ⊥ RH.
Thence build RX k M N, P Y k EF we have the harmonic pencils as following
P (EF, OY ) = −1 = R(M N, HX) = R(XH, N M )
And mentioned that P E ⊥ RX, P F ⊥ RH, P Y ⊥ RM according to the property of the
orthogonal pencil, deduce RN ⊥ P O. We are done.
Remark. This proof uses property of the harmonic pencils and also need using similar tool for
proving two perpendicular rays, however the variation of the ratios for deducing similar triangle
is less simple in compare with the pure geometric proof. The proof using the property of the
harmonic pencils will suggest many different ideas for exploiting and developing the problem.
The following proof approaches the problem to the more natural direction, when put P
coincidence in special points, we will receive the condition for a fixed point. We will have the
location of the fixed point.
Third solution. To build the altitude AH of the triangle ABC. Through H build the per-
pendicular line with OD and intersect the line passing through D perpendicular OA at X fixed.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 9

We will prove that d is passing through X. Indeed, call OD cut AH at M . OP cut AH at L.

AD cut (O) again at F .
LA P D OM
To use Menelaus theorem for the triangle ADM and O, L, P collinear, we have . . =
LM P A OD
LM P D OM
1 deduce = . .
LA P A OD
QA
Using property of the ratio of the triangle’s areas with the equal top angles we have =
PA
SQAB BA.BQ PA SP AB BQ.BP
= and = = .
SP BD BP.BD QD SQBD BQ.BD
QA BA2 P D FA PD
From above two ratios and mentioned OF k AM deduce = 2
. = . =
QD BD P A FD PA
OM P D LM
. = .
OD P A LA
RH QA LM
Thence = = (because QR k AM ).
RD QD LA
Easily seen 4XDH ∼ 4OAM (g.g) deduce 4XDR ∼ 4OAL (c.g.c) deduce ∠XRD =
∠OLA.

Q
O

L E D
B H R C
X

Figure 6.
If XR interset OP at E then the quadrileteral LERH inscribed, deduce ∠LER = 90◦ or
the straight line through R perpendicular OP passing through X. We are done.
Remark. Let P coincidence A then Q coincidence D. Then we receive one special condition of
the point X easily recognized. The proof in this way give us the way of thinking quite naturally.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 10

Problem 5. Let the triangle ABC is inscribed in circle (O). P is a point on the circle (O). K
is the center of Euler circle of the triangle P BC.

a) Prove that the line is passing through K perpendicular with P A is always passing through
a fixed point when P is moving.

b) Call the point H is the projection of K on P A. Prove that perpendicular bisector of AH

is always passing through a fixed point when P is moving.

M H P
A

O
L
K
N

B C

Figure 7.

Solution. a) Call by N the center of Euler circle of the triangle ABC. Call by L the midpoint
of ON . Call by I the symmetry of A through L, call by M the midpoint of P A. We have
−−→ 1 −→ −−→ −−→ −−→
the familiar result KN = P A = M A deduce AN = M K. Because I symmetry A through L
−−→ −→ −2−→ −→
then AN = OI. Thence OM = KI deduce KI k OM ⊥ P A. Then the straight line passing
through K perpendicular P A is passing through fixed point I. We are done.
b) Easily seen the perpendicular bisector of AH is passing through the midpoint L of AI is
also fixed midpoint ON . We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 11

Problem 6. Let BC fixed and an any point P belong to half plane of edge BC, we build
outside the triangle P BC two rays Bx, Cy such that ∠P Bx = β, ∠P Cy = γ is constant,
β, γ < 90◦ . Call by A the intersection of Bx, Cy.The points M, N are the projection of P on
Bx, Cy Prove that the straight line passing through A and perpendicular with M, N is always
passing through a fixed point when P is moving.

A H

G M
P

B C

Figure 8.

Solution. To build E is always lying on the same side M, N with BC such that ∠CBE =
β = ∠P BM, ∠BCE = γ = ∠P CN is constant. Because BC is fixed E is fixed point, we will
prove that the straight line d passing through P and perpendicular with M N is always passing
through E. Indeed, the points G, H is symmetric of P through BM, CN , and F is symmetric of
E through BC. Easily seen ∠GBE = ∠GBP + ∠P BE = 2β + ∠P BE = ∠E 0 BE + ∠P BE =
∠P BE 0 . In other side because of the radical axis property , easily seen BG = BP, BE = BE 0
then two triangles 4GBE and 4P BE 0 are equal (c.g.c) deduce GE = P E 0 . To prove similarly,
we have EH = P E 0 deduce EH = EG hay E is belong to perpendicular bisector GH.
In other side, in the triangle P GH, AB, AC are the perpendicular bisector P G, P H then
the straight line P perpendicular with GH is the perpendicular bisector GH but the straight
line passing through P perpendicular GH is d because GH k M N then the perpendicular
bisector of GH is d or d passing through fixed E. We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 12

Problem 7. Let the triangle ABC, A b 6= 90◦ . D is the fixed point on the edge BC. P is
the point in the triangle ABC. Call by B1 , C1 the projections of P on AC, AB respectively.
DB1 , DC1 cuts AB, AC at C2 , B2 respectively. The other intersection A of the circumcircle of
the triangles AB1 C1 and AB2 C2 is Q. Prove that P Q is always passing through a fixed point
when P is moving.

C2
B2

A
Q
B1
E
C1 P

F
I

B D C

Figure 9.

Solution. Through D to build the straight lines parallel with AB, AC and cut AC, AB at
E, F . Through E, F to build the straight line perpendicular with AC, AB, and cut each other
at I fixed, we will prove P Q passing through I fixed, Indeed.
By the property of double ratio, we see

F C1 EB1
= (C1 C2 , F ) = (C1 C2 , F E) = (C2 C1 , EF ) = (B1 B2 , E) = (1)
F C2 EB2
In other side from the property of inscribed angle, easily the triangles 4QB1 B2 ∼ 4QC1 C2 (2).
From (1) and (2) easily deduce 4QB1 E ∼ 4QC1 F deduce the triangle 4QB1 C1 ∼ 4QEF .
Mentioned from that Q ∈ (AB1 C1 ) deduce ∠EQF = ∠B1 QC1 = ∠B1 AC1 = ∠EAF deduce
Q ∈ (AEF ) ≡ (AI) so AQ ⊥ QI (3).
And from Q ∈ (AB1 C1 ) ≡ (AP ) deduce AQ ⊥ P Q (4).
From (3), (4) easily deduce P, Q, I collinear or P Q is passing through I fixed, we are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 13

Problem 8. Let the circle (O) and the point I is not lying on the (O). M N is a chord passing
through I. P is a fixed point not lying on the circle (O).

a) Prove that the circumcircle of the triangle P M N is always passing through a second fixed
point differ P .

b) Call by K, L the intersection again of P M, P N cut (O). Prove that the circumcircle of
the triangle P KL is always passing through a fixed point differ P .

K M P
S
T I
J

N
O

Figure 10.

Solution. a) Call R is radius of the circle (O). It is not losing the generality if supposed that
I is lying inside (O), analogously condition outside the circle. Call by S the intersection again
of the circumcircle of the triangle P M N and P I. Applied metric relation in the circle then
IS.IP = IM.IN = R2 − OI 2 is constant, then S is fixed.
b) Call by J the intersection of KL and P I. It is not losing the generality when supposed P
is lying outside the circle (O), analogously when inside condition. We see ∠M SP = ∠M N P =
∠M KJ deduce the quadrilateral M KJS is inscribed. Thus P S.P J = P K.P M = OP 2 − R2
then J is fixed. The chord KL passing through J fixed, similarly part a) The circumcircle of
the triangle P KL is passing again through the fixed point T .
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 14

Problem 9. Let the triangle ABC be inscribed in the fixed circle (O) and the fixed chord
_
BC is not adiameter and A is moving on the big chord BC . (K) is a fixed circle passing
through B, C and cuts CA, AB at again at E, F , respectively. G, H is the reflections of B, C
respectively through E, F . The circumcicle of the triangle ACH and the triangle ABG cut each
other again at D. Prove that AD is always passing through a fixed point when A is moving.

G
A

H
E
O
M
F

K
B L C

Figure 11.

Solution. At first, we see AF C has constant angles because (K) and (O) are fixed. H is
symmetric of C through F and easily seen ∠CDA = ∠CHA is constant. Analogously ∠BDA =
∠BGA is constant. Thence ∠BDC is constant, D will lay on the fixed circle (L). Easily
AE BE EG
seen ∠AF H = ∠AEG, in other side = = . From 4AF H ∼ 4AEG. Then
AF CF FH
∠BDA = ∠AHF = ∠AGE = ∠ADB. Thence DA is a perpendicular bisector ∠BDC. If
call by M the intersection again of DA and (L) easily seen M is belong to the perpendicular
bisector of BC, then M is intersection of the perpendicular bisector of BC and (L) is fixed
deduce AD is passing through a fixed M . We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 15

Problem 10 (Mathley 9). Let the triangle ABC be inscribed in the circle (O). M is lying on
perpendicular bisector of BC. I1 , I2 is center of the incircle of the triangle M AB, M AC. Prove
that the circumcircle of the triangle AI1 I2 is always passing through anther fixed point A when
M is moving.

Lemma 1. Let the triangle ABC on the edges CA, AB pick the points E, F such that CE =
BF . Prove that the circumcircle AEF and the circumcircle of the triangle ABC cut each other
on the perpendicular bisector of BC and the perpendicular bisector of EF .

K
A

B C

Figure 12.

Solution. Call the perpendicular bisector BC and EF cut each other at K. Easily prove
that the equal triangles 4KEC = 4KF B (e.e.e). Thence deduce ∠KCE = ∠KBF thence
AKCB inscribed. From the two equal triangles deduce ∠KEC = ∠KF B deduce ∠KEA =
∠KF A then the quadrilateral AKEF is also inscribed. Then K is also the intersection of the
circumcicle of the triangle AEF and ABC. We are done.

Lemma 2. Let the triangle ABC and I is the center of the incircle. An any circle A, I cuts
again CA, AB at E, F then AE + AF = CA + AB − BC.

F
M

N E
I

B C

Solution. Call by M, N the projectors of I on CA, AB. Easily seen 4IN F = 4IM E (e.a.e)
thence deduce AE = AF = AM + AN = CA + AB − BC.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 16

N
A

F O
E
I1
I2
B D C

Solution. The circumcircle (AI1 I2 ) cuts AM, CA, AB again at D, E, F respectively. According
to the above Lemma, easily seen AD + AF = AB + AM − M B, AD + AE = AC + AM − M C.
Mentioned that M B = M C and subtraction two equations we have AF − AE = AB − AC or
AB − AF = AC − AE. Then in the condition E, F in the same or in the other side of BC we
also have BF = CE. Then according to the Lemma, call by N the midpoint of the chord BC
contain A then (AI1 I2 ) ≡ (AEF ) passing through fixed N . We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 17

Problem 11. Let the triangle ABC. E, F is moving on the edges CA, AB such that CE = BF .
Prove that Euler straight line of the triangle AEF is always passing a fixed point when E, F
is moving.
P

L K

T G
F O
N E

M
B C

Figure 13.

Solution. Call by G, L is the orthocenter of the triangles ABC and AEF respectively. Call
(O) and (K) is circumcircles of the triangles ABC and AEF respectively. LK, GO is Euler
straight lines of the triangles AEF and ABC. Call T the intersection of LK and GO we will
prove T is fixed, Indeed, according to the above lemma then (O) and (K) cut each other at P
on the perpendicular bisector of EF and BC. Call by M, N the midpoint of BC, EF . Easily
seen the isosceles triangles P EF and P CB are similar and the center of the circumcircles
K and O respectively, the midpoint of the base N, M respectively. Thence according to the
PK KO PO
similar property easily seen = = is fixed ratio, in other hand from this deduce
PN MN PM
GL 2 GL
M N k KO. Mentioned that = and GL k M N . Then GL k KO and =
MN 3 KO
GL M N 2 PM TG GL
. = . is fixed ration. Then we have = is constant then T is fixed. We
M N KO 3 PO TO KO
are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 18

Problem 12 (VMO 2012). Let the triangle ABC, the incircle (I) touches CA, AB at E, F
respectively. G, H is symmetry of E, F through I. The straight line GH intersect IB, IC at
AB
P, Q respectively. Supposed B, C fixed, A is moving such that = k is not change. Prove
AC
that the perpendicular bisector P Q is always passing through the fixed point.
A

E K
J
L
F I
H
Q
P R
G
N D M C
B

Solution. Call by K, L the intersection of IB, IC and EF respectively. Note that the triangle
180◦ − ∠A ∠A
AEF is isosceles at A then ∠KEC = ∠AEF = = 180◦ − (90◦ − ) = 180◦ −
2 2
∠BIC = ∠KIC. Thence the quadrilateral KEIC is inscribed, deduce ∠IKC = ∠IEC = 90◦ .
Similarly ∠ILB − 90◦ . Then, if call by M the midpoint of BC, J the midpoint of KL for the
isosceles triangle KLM then M J ⊥ EF (1).
Because of G, H is symmetry of E, F through I respectively then the straight line GH is
symmetric of EF through I. GH, EF cuts IB at P, K respectively, deduce I is the midpoint
P K, similarly I is the midpoint of QL. Then two segments KL and P Q are symmetry each
other through I. Then, if call by R the midpoint of P Q then the midpoint J of KL and R are
symmetry through I or I is the midpoint of RJ.
Call by N the intersection of the perpendicular of P Q and BC, we see RN perpendicular
with P Q, P Q parallel EF (2).
From (1) and (2) deduce RN parallel JM . Call by D the intersection of IA and BC, easily
seen ID ≡ IA perpendicular EF then ID is also parallel RN, JM . Then in trapezium RJM N
have I the midpoint of RJ then ID is the median, then D is the midpoint of M N .
DB AB
According the bisector’s property = = k is constant then D is fixed. M is the
DC AC
midpoint of fixed BC then N symmetry of M through D is fixed. Then the perpendicular
bisector of P Q is passing through fixed N .
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 19

Problem 13 (Extension of HNUE High School for the Gifted TST 2013). Let the triangle
_
ABC inscribed in fixed circle (O) with B, C are fixed A is moving on the big chord BC . To
build outside of the triangle ABC parallelograms ABKL, ACM N such that 4ABL ∼ 4CAM .
The straight lines AN, AL cut CM, BK at E, F respectively. Call by P the intersection of the
circumcircles of the triangles LM E and N F K in the triangle ABC. Prove that the straight
line AP is always passing through fixed point when A is moving.

Solution. Call by G the intersection of KB and CM because 4ABL ∼ 4CAM then easily
have ∠ABK + ∠ACM = 180◦ then G is lying on the circle (O) circumcircle of the triangle
ABC. Easily seen the quadrilateral AF GE is parallelogram, then ∠AF G = 180◦ − ∠F GE =
∠BAC. And because of the inscribed angle ∠AGF = ∠ACB then 4AF G ∼ 4BAC deduce
AC.F A = AB.F G = AB.AE. From the similar triangles 4ABL ∼ 4CAM easily have
AF AE
AC.AL = AB.AN . Then deduce = or AL.AE = AF.AN then A belong to the
AL AN
radical axis of the circumcicle of the triangles LM E and N F K.

M
A

K
P O
F Q E
B C
R

Figure 14.
Call by D the intersection of KL and M N , we see ∠DN F = 180◦ −∠AN M = 180◦ −∠F KL
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 20

deduce D is belong to the circumcircle of the triangle N F K. Similarly D belongs to the

circumcircle of the triangle LM E. Then DP is belong to the radical axis of the circumcircle
of the triangle LM E and N F K then A belong to DP . Then mentioned the quadrilaterals
DM EP and DKF P are inscribed, easily have ∠AP F + ∠AP E = ∠DM E + ∠DKF = 180◦
then P belongs to EF .
1
Call by Q the intersection of AG, easily seen ∠AOQ = ∠AOG = ∠ACG = ∠AM C =
2
180◦ − ∠DP E = 180◦ − ∠AP Q deduce the quadrilateral AP QO is inscribed , but OQ ⊥ AQ
then AP ⊥ OP .
RB SDAB SLAB AL.AB
Call by R the intersection of AP and BC easily seen = = = =
RC SDAC SLAC AN.AC
AB 2
. Then AP is symmedian of the triangle ABC. Then AP is passing through intersection
AC 2
of the two tangents at B, C of the circle (O) and T is fixed. We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 21

Problem 14. Let A one point belongs to fixed circle (O). d is a fixed straight line and B fixed
belongs to d. P is moving point on d. The circle (K) circumscribed ABP cuts (O) again at Q.
AQ cuts d at M . AP cuts (O) again at N . Prove that M N is always passing through a fixed
point when P is moving.

A D

d
M B P

Figure 15.

Solution. Call by C the intersection again of M N and (O). Call by D the intersection again of
CB and (O). According the property of the power of point, we have M C.M N = M Q.M A =
M B.M P . Then four points B, P, N, C belong to one circle. We have exchange of the an-
gle (AD, d) = (AD, AN ) + (AN, d) = (CD, CN ) + (P N, P B) = (CD, CN ) + (CN, CB) =
(CD, CB) = 0 (mod π). Then AD k d then D is fixed. But B is fixed, then C is fixed. Then
M N is passing through a fixed point C.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 22

Problem 15. Let the triangle ABC, P is fixed point. A1 is the parallel projection of P to
trend l fixed on BC. A2 ı́ the midpoint of AA1 . A2 P cuts BC at A3 . A4 is symmetry of A1
through A3 . Prove that P A4 is always passing through a fixed point.

l
A

A2
A5

B A1 A3 A4 C
L

Figure 16.

Solution. Call by L the parallel projection to trend l of A on BC. Call A5 the midpoint of
AL we will prove that A4 , P, A5 collinear, from the relevance with the single ratio and double
ratio, easily seen
A1 (A4 A2 , A5 P ) = (LA, A5 ) = −1 (Do P A1 k AL and A5 is the midpoint AL)
A2 (A4 A1 , A3 A5 ) = (A4 A1 , A3 ) = −1 (Because A2 A5 k A1 A4 and A3 is the midpoint of
A1 A4 )
Then A1 (A4 A2 , A5 P ) = A2 (A4 A1 , A3 A5 ) and A4 , A5 , P collinear. We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 23

Problem 16 (Extension VMO 2014). Let the acute triangle ABC inscribed in a fixed circle
(O), B, C are fixed and A is moving on circle (O). D is the midpoint of BC. The tangent at
A of the circle (O) cuts BC at E. The circumcircle of the triangle ADE cuts (O) again at F .
Prove that the straight line AF is always passing through a fixed point when A is moving.

E B D C

Figure 17.

Solution. Because of ∠EAO = ∠EDO = 90◦ easily seen O is lying on the circumcircle of
the triangle ADE. Call by T he intersection of AF cuts OD. We have T D.T O = T F .T A =
PT /(O) = OT 2 − OC 2 deduce OC 2 = T O2 − T D.T O = T O.DO. Then easily deduce OC ⊥ T C
then T is fixed. We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 24

Problem 17. Let the triangle ABC, inscribed in (O). The bisector of the angle ∠BAC cuts
(O) again at D. E is symmetric point of B through AD. BE cuts (O) again at F . P is moving
point on the edge AC. BP cuts (O) again at Q. The linear passing through C parallel AQ
cuts F D at G.

a) Call by H the intersection of the EG and BC. Prove that B, P, E, H are on the same
circle called (K).

b) Call by L the intersection again of (K) and (O). Prove that LP is always passing through
one fixed point S when P is moving.

c) Call by T the midpoint of P E. Prove that the linear passing through T is parallel with
LS then divide AF dually.

S
A

M Q

F
P T E

O
G
B H C
K

L
D

Figure 18.

Solution. a) Similarly in proof the problem 1 we also proved DF is perpendicular bisector of

EC. Then we have the change of angle
∠GEC = ∠GCE (because of the property of symmetric )
= ∠CAF (Because of CG k AF )
= ∠CBF (Because of A, F, C, B belong to one circle)
Then easily seen B, P, E, H belong to one circle. We are done.
_
b) We prove that LP is passing through fixed S the midpoint of the chord BC contains A.
Indeed, we have the change of the angle
∠DLP = ∠DLB + ∠BLP
∠BAD + ∠BEP (Because B, L, E, P and A, B, D, L belong to one circle)
∠BAD + ∠EBA (because of the symmetry)
= 90◦ (Because of AD ⊥ BE)
= ∠DLS (Because of DS is diameter of the circle (O)).
Then easily have LP passing through S. We are done.
c) Using the result of problem 1, we have the quadrilateral ASF E is parallelogram, then
SE and AF cut each other at the midpoint M of the each straight line. According to the
property of symmedian, easily have T M k P S ≡ LS. Or the straight line passing through T
parallel with LS passing through M of AF . We are done.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 25

Problem 18. Let the triangle ABC. The flexible circle (K) touches CA, AB. The circle (M )
passing through A, C touches (K) internally at E. The circle (N ) passing through A, B touches
(K) internally at F . The bisector of the angles ∠AEC and ∠AF B cut each other at L. Prove
that the straight line KL is always passing through a fixed point when (K) is moving.

A P

Q G
M
N

H O
K
L
E
F
C
B

Figure 19.

Solution. Call by G, H the touching point of (K) and CA, AB. According to one familiar
lemma, then EG is the bisector of ∠AEC then EG passing through L and cuts (M ) at the
_
midpoint P of the chord AC not contain E. Similarly, F H is passing through L and cuts (N )
_
at the midpoint Q of the chord AB not contain F . Easily P M, QN is perpendicular bisector
CA, AB then P M, QN cut each other at the circumcircle’s center O of the triangle ABC. We
will prove that EG, F H is converge with KO then KL is passing through O fixed, indeed.
At first, we have AP 2 − AQ2 = P G.P E − QH.QF = (KP 2 − KG2 ) − (KQ2 − KH 2 ) =
KP 2 − KQ2 . Then P Q ⊥ AK ⊥ HG. Then P Q k HG. The triangle OP Q and KGH have
the parallel edges respectively then OK, P G, QH are converge. We are done.
Remark. The interest of this problem is to recognize a fixed point O, it is the circumcircle’s
center of the triangle ABC. When the circle (K) is incircle the we receive the exam problem.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 26

Problem 19. Let the chord BC fixed of the circle (O). A is moving on (O), I is incenter
of the triangle ABC. IA cuts (O) again at D. M is the midpoint of BC. N belongs to (O)
such that DN k IM . P belongs to (O) such that N P k AD. Prove that P I is always passing
through a fixed point when A is moving.

K
A
S

I
O

B M C

P
D T

Figure 20.

Solution. Call by T the intersection of the ray IM cut (O), the ray M I cuts (O) at S, M D cuts
(O) at a fixed K. We see that ID2 = BA2 = DM.DK deduce the triangle 4DM I ∼ 4DIK
deduce ∠M ID = ∠IKM (1).
_ _ _ _
We also have DN k ST deduce DT =N S . P N k AD deduce N A =P D . Then deduce
_ _ _
P D =SA + DT deduce ∠P KD = ∠DIT (2).
From (1), (2) deduce P, I, K collinear or P I is passing through fixed K.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 27

4 Suggested problems
In this part, the author collects some interesting problem with passing through a fixed point,
which is met during the time of my teaching
Problem 20. Let the acute triangle ABC, d is Euler straight line. M , N is reflection of B, C
through d. P is the any point on d.
a) P M cuts AC at E, P N cuts AB at F . S is reflection of orthocenter H of the triangle
ABC through EF . Prove that S is lying on the circumccircle of the triangle ABC.
b) Prove that P S is passing through one fixed point.
Hint: See link
Problem 21. Let the quadrileteral ABCD inscribed in the circle Γ and E is the moving point
on AB. DE cuts BC at F . DE cuts Γ again at P . BP cuts AF at Q. Prove that QE is
always passing through a fixed point.
Hint: See link
Problem 22. In the triangle 4ABC, the point D is lying on the straight line BC. The
circumcircle of the triangle ABD cuts AC again at F , the circumcircle of the triangle ADC
cuts AB again at E. Prove that when D is moving the the circumcircle of the triangle AEF is
always passing through one another fixed point A, and this point is lying on the median from
A to BC.
Hint: See link
Problem 23. A Let the straight line d on the plane. Let B ∈ d and A is point not lying on d,
such that AB is not perpendicular with d. Call ω is the flexible circle and touches with d at B
and A is not lying on that circle. X and Y are the points belong to ω such that AX and AY
touch the circle. Prove that the straight line XY is passing through one fixed point.
Hint: See link
Problem 24. In the triangle ABC, ∠A < ∠B and ∠A < ∠C. Call by P the fixed point on the
edge BC. D and E is the points on the edges AB and AC respectively, such that BP = P D
and CP = P E. Prove that P is moving along the edge BC, the the circumcircle of the triangle
ADE is passing through one other fixed point A.
Hint: See link
Problem 25. Let two circles (O1 ), (O2 ) are not intersect each other. Giving m, n are two
common internal tangents of the two. M N are two any points belong to m and n. The other
tangent from M, N to the circles (O1 ) intersect at P . The other tangent from M, N to the
circles (O2 ) intersect at Q. Prove that P Q is always passing through one fixed point.
Hint: See link
Problem 26. Let the triangle ABC and circumcircle (O). Getting D on BC such that AD is
bisector of angle A. P belong to AD. BP , CP intersect AC, AB at E, F . M is on BC such
that P M is perpendicular with BC. P M intersect EF at N . AN intersect OP at L. When L
is moving on AD, prove that M L is always passing through one fixed point.
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 28

Hint: See link

Problem 27. Giving (O1 ) and (O2 ) intersect each other at two separate points P , Q. Get
B ∈ (O1 ), C ∈ (O2 ) such that P Q is the bisector of the angle BP C. Prove that the circumcircle
(P BC) is passing through one fixed point.
Hint: See link
Problem 28. Giving B, C are two fixed points 2 and A is a moving point on the circle (O).
D is midpoint of BC. H is perpendicular bisector ∆ABC. BH ∩ AC = E; CH ∩ AB = F . M ,
N are the points of AB, AC respectively such that AM = AN and M , D, N are three points
collinear. P the second intersection of the straight line M N and the circle (DEF ). Prove that
HP is passing through one fixed point.
Hint: See link
Problem 29. Let the triangle ABC, call by X the flexible point on the edge BC such that
the point C is lying between B and X. Prove that radical axis of the inscribed of the triangles
ABX and ACX is always passing through a fixed point and not depend on the condition of
X.
Hint: See link
Problem 30. The segment AB is the chord of the circles (O1 ), (O2 ). Call by k1 , k2 the archer
respectively AB are lying on the same side of AB of O1 , O2 . Getting k1 is between of k2 and
AB. Getting X belong to k2 but not on the perpendicular bisector of AB. The tangent of k2
at X intersect AB at C. Y belong to k1 with CX = CY . Prove that XY is always passing
through a fixed point but not depend on the condition of X on k2
Hint: See link
Problem 31. Let the circle γ and P is one point in the same plane with the circle but outside
the circle. The two flexible straight line ` và ` passing through P and cuts the circle γ at the
points X, Y and X 0 , Y 0 respectively , such that X is between P and Y ; X 0 is between P and
Y 0 . Prove that the straight line linked the centers ò the circumcircles of the triangles 4P XY 0
and 4P X 0 Y is passing through a fixed point.
Hint: See link
Problem 32. Let the chord AB of the circle Γ and is not passing through the circle’s center
and M is the midpoint of [AB]. Call by C the other flexible point on Γ not A and B and P are
the intersections of the tangents of the circumcircle of the triangle CAM at A and B belong
to the circumcircle of the triangle CBM . Prove that, the straight line CP is always passing
through a fixed point.
Hint: See link
Problem 33. Let the quadrileteral inscribed ABCD. Call by R the intersection of AC and
BD, and K the intersection of AB and CD. Let M and N are the points belong to AB
AM CN
and CD such that M B
= N D
. Giving P and Q the intersection of M N and the diagonals of
the quadrilateral ABCD. Prove that the circumcircles of the triangles KM N and P QR are
touching each other at a fixed point.
Hint: See link
Tran Quang Hung - Buratinogigle 29

Acknowledgments
I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to Professor Alexey Zaslavsky as well
as the Russian Geometry (website http://geometry.ru), which inspired me to nice geometry.
I would like to thank the geometry box from the forum AoPS, which contains a large number
of nice problems cited in this report.
Bibliography

[1] H. S. M. Coxeter and S. L. Greitzer, Geometry Revisited, Washington, DC: Math. Assoc.
Amer., 1967.

[2] R. A. Johnson, Advanced Euclidean Geometry, 1925, Dover reprint.

[3] R. A. Johnson, Modern Geometry: An Elementary Treatise on the Geometry of the Tri-
angle and the Circle, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1929.

[4] A. V. Akopyan, Geometry in Figures: First edition, 2011.

[5] A. V. Akopyan and A. Zaslavskiy, Geometry of Conics, Math. Assoc. Amer., 2007.

[6] E. Chen, Euclidean Geometry in Mathematical Olympiads, Math. Assoc. Amer., 2016.

[7] Sharygin Geometry Olympiad from http://geometry.ru.

30