Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION TO THE
VALUE ADDED TAX
Prepared by: Carl Justine T. Maniago, CPA
The VAT covers all the vatable sales of goods, properties, services or lease of
properties by VAT taxpayers.
THE VALUE
VAT taxpayers
ADDED TAX VAT-registered persons
VAT-registrable persons
VAT threshold
General – P3M
Special – P10M – franchise grantees of radio or television
Assessment of VAT threshold
Tax with mixed transactions
Individual with multiple proprietorship businesses
Corporations with subsidiaries and branches
Married individual taxpayers
THE VALUE Taxpayers below the threshold can voluntarily register as VAT taxpayers. Such
option is subject to the 3-year lock-in period.
ADDED TAX
The Valued Added Tax Model
Output VAT P xxx,xxx
Less: Input VAT xxx,xxx
VAT due P xxx,xxx
Less: Tax credits xxx,xxx
VAT still due Pxxx,xxx
VAT on the vatable sales or receipts. It is the presumed passed on by the seller on his
sales or receipts.
Illustration: Assume that ABC Company, a VAT taxpayer, made a P100,000 vatable sales
on account.
OUTPUT VAT The taxpayer shall bill the following to the customer:
Selling price P 100,000
Add: VAT (12% * P100k) 12,000
Total invoice price P112,000
This shall be recorded by the taxpayer in its books as follows:
Accounts receivables P 112,000
Sales P 100,000
Output VAT 12,000
VAT paid by the taxpayer on the domestic purchases from VAT suppliers or on the
importation of goods or services in the course of business.
Despite the absence of actual payment of VAT on purchase or import, input VAT may
also be allowed by law as incentives to the taxpayer such as in the case of presumptive
input VAT.
Not all paid input VAT is creditable against output VAT. Those allowed to be deductible
against output VAT is called claimable input VAT, allowable input VAT or creditable
input VAT.
Illustration: Assume ABC Company in the previous illustration purchased goods from a
VAT supplier. The supplier billed at P78,400, inclusive of VAT.
INPUT VAT The VAT shall be checked on the invoice. If not indicated therein, it can be
computed from the invoice as follows:
Purchase price (P78,400/112%) P 70,000
Multiply by: VAT rate 12%
VAT on purchase P 8,400
This shall be recorded by the taxpayer in its books as follows:
Purchases P 70,000
Input VAT 8,400
Accounts payable P 78,400
At the end of each month, the input VAT is offset with the output VAT. A positive
VAT due is paid to the BIR. A negative VAT is normally non-refundable but is carried
over to the next succeeding months or quarter.
The sales to the government and GOCCs is vatable at 12% normal rate but
the law requires government agencies or GOCCs to withhold a 5% final VAT
on their purchases.
The 5% withheld tax shall be presumed as the actual VAT due of the
SALES SUBJECT taxpayer on the sale.
There would be no more VAT payable. Thus the taxpayer has to adjust his
TO SPECIAL VAT claimable input VAT on that sale because the input VAT is effectively fixed or
standardized by the government at 7%.
RULES
Output VAT 12% of sales or receipts
Less: Input VAT Limited to 7%
Final VAT due 5% of sales or receipts
The 7% claimable input VAT on sales to the government or GOCCs is referred
to as the standard input VAT.
Illustration:
For the purpose of VAT, exempt sales are non-vatable sales such as:
SALES SUBJECT Exempt sales of goods, services or properties
TO SPECIAL VAT Services specifically subject to percentage tax
These are not subject to output VAT. Consequently, the seller is not allowed
RULES to credit input VAT.
Input VAT traceable to exempt sales is part of costs or expenses of the seller
and is deductible against gross income subject to income tax.
Illustration:
The sale of exempt goods and services to the government or GOCC is still exempt
sales.
Sales of registrable persons
Sales are subject to VAT despite their non-registration as VAT taxpayers
but no input VAT credit is allowed.