1) What are the characteristics of an entrepreneur?

(a) Strong achievement orientation.

(b) Unwavering determination and commitment.
(c) Self-reliance and independence.
(d) Hunger for success.
(e) Self-confidence and self-faith.
(f) Sustained enthusiasm.
(g) Single-mindedness.
(h) Strong reality orientation.
(i) Willingness to accept responsibility.
(j) Courage.
(k) Ability to survive defeat.
(l) Become wealthy and stay humble.

.
2) Explain the salient features of Maslow’s need Hierarchy theory?
 Physiological, safety, social, ego, self fulfillment
3) Summarise the “kakinada Experiment”
 Mcc lelland
Kakinada is a well-developed distinct town of a population of around
one lakh with high literacy and a modest industrial structure. The objective of
the programme was to break the barrier of “limited aspirations” by inducing
achievement motivation. The project which began in January 1964 consisted
of recruiting batches of personnel drawn from business and industrial community
of this town and putting them through orientation programme at the Small
Industry Extension Training (SIET) institute, Hyderabad. Fifty two persons
grouped into three batches participated” in the programme. The training was
designed primarily to stimulate the imagination and encourage introspection
into personal motivation and community goals. The achievement development
course contained four main items :
(i) The individuals strived to attain concrete and frequent feedback.
(ii) The participants sought models of achievement i.e. watched those
who have performed well and tried to emulate.
(iii) The participants imagined themselves in need of success and
challenge and set carefully planned and realistic work goals.
(iv) The trainees were asked to control day dreaming by thinking and
talk to themselves-in positive terms.
OR,
What role does industrial fairs play?

 SOURCES OF THE PROJECT IDEAS

The business idea arises from an opportunity in the market. Entrepreneurs should have a
keen and open mind to look for opportunities and generate business ideas. It is not a matter of
analysis but of instinct. Ideas come from many sources. Industrial fair is one such source.
 Who organizes an Industrial fair
 What is seen in this (who all participate)
 What can you gain from this (egs- know how, machines, market, ancillary/auxillary firms
4) What are the different forms of business?
These forms of business organisation are as under :
(a) Sole Proprietorship
(b) Partnership firm
 (c) Joint Stock Company and
(d) Cooperative society

5) What are incentives and subsidies?

The term “incentive” includes concessions and bounties. ‘Subsidy’ denotes
a single lump sum which is given by a government to industry. It is granted
to an industry which is considered essential in the national interest. The term
‘bounty’ denotes bonus or financial benefit which is given by a government to
an industry to help it compete with other units in a nation or in a foreign market.
it is given in proportion to the output. Bounty confers benefits on a particular
industry, while a subsidy is given in the interest of the nation.
These subsidies and incentives offer the following advantages :
(a) They act as a motivational force which attract the prospective
entrepreneurs to enter into manufacturing line.
(b) They encourage the entrepreneurs to start industries in backward areas.
(c) By providing subsidies and incentives the Government can : (i) bring
industrial development uniformly in all regions, (ii) develop more new
entrepreneurs which lead to entrepreneurial development, (iii) increase
the ability of entrepreneurs to face competition successfully, and
(iv) reduce the overall problems of small scale entrepreneurs.

1) What is the difference between a manager and an entrepreneur?

 Introduction to entrepreneurship and it’s origin
 A few definitions
 Innovation Entrepreneurship may be: (a) introduction of a. new product, (b) introduction of new
methods of production, (c) developing new markets and finding fresh sources of raw
materials, and (d) making changes in the organization and management.
 Attributes/characteristics of entrepreneurs
 Characteristics of a manager
 Contribution towards the country

2) The future of our country solely depends on the initiative of the entrepreneurs, justify this statement
in the rural perspective?
 Description of India with GDP, Population – rural and urban, education, per capita income, etc…
 Introduction to entrepreneurship and it’s origin
 Attributes/characteristics of entrepreneurs
 Description of the rural market, it’s positives and setbacks, special stress on labour intensive cottage
industries, Govt. intervention, marketing & promotions and maybe creating a global market
(Khaddar, makhana, madhubani painting, etc…)
 Examples of a few entrepreneurs/organizations, especially those who have done good for the rural
community
 What can entrepreneurs do for the country
 The India then and now
3) Classify the different types of entrepreneurs?
  Introduction to entrepreneurship and it’s origin
 Attributes/characteristics of entrepreneurs
 Innovating entrepreneurs, Adoptive or imitative entrepreneurs, Fabian entrepreneurs, Drone
entrepreneurs
OR,
 empirical, rational and cognitive entrepreneurs.
Or,
 Generation wise
Or,
Role of DIC’s

The District Industries Centres (DICs) were established in May 1978 with a
view to provide integrated administrative framework at the district level for
promotion of small-scare industries in rural areas. The DICs are envisaged as
a single window interacting agency with the entrepreneur at the district level.
Services and support to small entrepreneurs are provided under a single roof
through the DICs. They are the implementing arm, of the Central and State
Governments for various schemes and programmes. Registration of small
industries is done at the district industries centres.
The organisational structure of DICs consists of General Manager, four
Functional Managers and three Project Managers to provide technical service
in the area relevant to the needs of district concerned. Management of the
DIC’s is done by the State Governments. The scheme has now been transferred
to the states and from the year 1993-94, funds will not be provided by the
Central Government to the States for running the DICs.
Functions : The DICs role is mainly promotional and developmental. To attain
this, they have to perform the following main functions :
To conduct industrial potential surveys keeping in view the availability
of resources in terms of material and human skill, infrastructure, demand
for product, etc. To prepare techno-economic surveys and identify
product lines and then to provide investment advice to entrepreneurs.
To prepare an action plan to effectively implement the schemes identified.
To guide entrepreneurs in matters relating to selecting the most
appropriate machinery and equipment, sources of its supply and
procedure for procuring imported machinery, if needed, assessing
requirements for raw materials etc.
To appraise the worthiness of the various proposals received from
entrepreneurs.
To assist the entrepreneurs in marketing their products and assess the
possibilities of ancillarisation and export promotion of their products.
To undertake product development work appropriate to small industries.
To conduct artisan training programmes.
To function as the technical arms of DRDA in administering IRD and TRYSEM programmes.

4) Write an essay on the factors affecting the growth of entrepreneurship?

 A brief introduction to Internal and external environment of the country
 ECONOMIC FACTORS
 SOCIAL FACTORS
 PSYCHOLOGICAL
 POLITICAL FACTORS
 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
 Or,
What are the important ’Economic Factors’ affecting entrepreneurial growth? Discuss.
 A brief introduction to Internal and external environment of the country
 ECONOMIC FACTORS (Capital, Labour, Raw Materials, Market, Infrastructure),

5) Why do businesses fail?

 A brief introduction to entrepreneurship
 Mention of the atmosphere reqd. for the growth of entrepreneurship
 The failure of new enterprise and visible problems for business may be
traced to the following errors/oversights:
1. Lack of managerial experience or poor knowledge of the particular line
of production.
2. Poor accounting system which results in non-availability of basic data
necessary for decision-making.
3. Wrong/inadequate estimate of cash requirements or faulty capital
planning/ budgeting.
4. Lack of knowledge about tax-related matters.
OR,
WHY DO BUSINESS FAIL

1. Inadequate front-end planning : No business plan prepared; no

feasibility study done and no cash flow projections done.
2. Insufficient Capital for Startup and Back-up : Even most dedicated
works cannot overcome ongoing capital deficiencies due to startup
losses.
3. Inexperienced, Management : Insufficient experience in the
management and the day-to-day operations of the business or of any
business.
4. The Wrong Location : Low traffic, no expansion area, changing
characteristics of the neighbourhood. The customers are out there, but
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the business is not convenient because of driving and parking distance,
transportation costs, employee unwillingness to live in the community.
5. Inventory Mismanagement : Too much of the wrong inventory.
6. Too much Capital in Fixed Assets : The failure to properly anticipate
the cost of equipment and real estate needed to start and expand.
7. Poor credit practices : Failure to properly extend and control credit
policy and practices. .
8. Unplanned expansion : If one location is doing well, a second doesn’t
mean the business will do twice as well unless management is available.
9. Having the wrong attitude : Not ready to work longer and harder than
ever before; too much money in trappings arid appearance.
10. Inadequate Records and Financial Knowledge : Unwillingness to
employ and work with a banker, accountant, and a lawyer.
11. Lack of Managerial Foresight : Failing to build staff to compensate
for the weaknesses of the founder or owner; failing to adequately compensate second-line management.