TAPER MEASUREMENT

Prof.Md.Khaled khalil
 Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by
Roller
 The plug gauge should be set up
on its small end, so that the force
Micrometer Anvil Plug Gauge exerted by the micrometer used
for the diametral measurement
tends to wedge rollers against
the cone and the slip gauges.
Roller
 The force applied by the
micrometer must be kept small
by using the instrument with light
touch. A micrometer fitted with a
fiducial indicator is advisable.
Fig.: Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by
Rollers
2 Metrology
 Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by
Roller
It is an advantage if the
instrument has non-
Micrometer Anvil Plug Gauge
rotating anvil as this
reduces the tendency to
disturb the roller during
Roller measurement.
The rollers should
preferably be of about
the same diameter as
Fig.: Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by
the micrometer anvil.
Rollers
3 Metrology
 Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by
Roller

M2

h2 M1

h1 Slip gauge

Surface Plate

4 Metrology
 Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by
Roller
 M 2  M1
DL Half angle of the taper tan 
2 2 h2  h1 
D2
The diameter in the plane of roller
M2
θ centres are d d   
H
h2 D1  M 1  2  sec   M 1  d  1  sec 
D1  2 2 2  2
h  
M1  d d 
1
D2  M 2  2  sec   M 2  d  1  sec 
DS
 2 2 2  2

The diameters at the

Dia.d ends 
ϴ/ Ds  D1  2h1. tan
2 2

DL  D2   H  h2 . tan
d/2 d/2secθ/2
2
5 Metrology
 Possible error in the angle of taper

   1  M
  .M  .h  2. cos 2 . .M  2. cos 2 . 2 .h
M h 2 2h 2 2h
 h
Now cos 
2  M
2

 h
2

 2 
Let M 2  M 1  M and h2  h1  h
 M 2  M1 M  
2h 2  1
.M 
M
.h


1
 h.M  M .h
Since tan    2h 
2 2 h2  h1  2h
2 2 2
 M 2h   M 
 h  h
2 2
 
 2   2 

6 Metrology
 Measurement of Taper Plug Gauge by
Roller
1 From which it is clear that, for
  2
 h.M  M .h given value of h, the error in the
 M angle increases as the value of M
 h
2

 2  decreases.
This means that the error in the
Usually, the error in h is very measured value of the angle of a
small, being that in the slip slow taper is lager than that of a
gauges used. If the error quick taper
neglected, the expression
reduced to
h
  2
.M h
 M
 h
2

 2 
Slow taper Quick taper
7 Metrology
 Measurement of Taper Ring Gauge by
Balls and Slip gauges
 M1  M 2
Half angle of the taper tan 
2 2 h2  h1 
Diameter in the plane of ball centers
 
D1  M 1  d  1  sec 
 2
 
D2  M 2  d  1  sec 
 2
End Diameters

DL  D1  2h1. tan
Fig.: Measurement of Taper Ring Gauge by 2
Balls Slip Gauges DS  D2  2 H  h2 . tan
2
8 Metrology
 Internal Taper Measurement by Unequal Balls
The semi-angle of taper is
given by 1  d  d  1
 d 1d 2 
 CD 1 2
2 2
sin   
2 BC d 2 d1 1
h1  h2   h1  h2   d1  d 2 
2 2 2
 2 h1  h2 
or cosec  1
2  d1  d 2 
The diameter in the planes of ball
centers are  d1  
D1  2 sec   d1. sec
 2 2 2
 d  
D2  2 2 sec   d 2 . sec
Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Unequal  2 2 2
Balls
9 Metrology
 Internal Taper Measurement by Unequal Balls

The diameters at the end of taper

 1  
DL  D1  2 d1  h1  . tan
 2  2
D1
 
 d1. sec   d1  2h1 . tan
2 2
 d2  
DS  D2  2 H  h2   . tan
 2 2
 
 d 2 sec   2 H  2h2  d 2 . tan
D2 2 2

10 Metrology
 Internal Taper Measurement by Unequal Balls
Let the distance between ball
centres = c and the difference
between ball radii = r 1
 CD  d1  d 2  r
We know sin   2 
2 BC h  h  d 2  d1 c
1 2
2 2
 
The error in the angle is   .r  .c
r c
 1 1 r
 cos . .  .r  2 .c
2 2 c c
 1  r
   2. sec . .r  2. sec . 2 .c
2 c 2 c
2
11 Metrology   c.r  r.c 
c c2  r 2
 Internal Taper Measurement by Balls and
Cylinders
Referring to figure the line BD is
parallel to the cone axis, and BC and
BE are parallel to the sides of the
cone.
In triangle ABC
AC    AC
sin ABC  i.e. sin      .......(i)
AB  2  AB
In triangle ABE
AE    AE
sin ABE  i.e. sin      ......(ii )
AB  2  AB

Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Balls &

12 Metrology Cylinders
 Internal Taper Measurement by Balls and
Cylinders

   AC   AC
sin     or sin . cos   cos . sin  
 2  AB 2 2 AB

   AE   AE
sin     or sin . cos   cos . sin  
 2  AB 2 2 AB

 AC  AE
Adding these two equations 2. sin . cos  
2 AB
 AC  AE sec 
or sin  .
2 AB 2

Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Balls &

13 Metrology cylinders
 Internal Taper Measurement by Balls and
Cylinders
 d1   d  d d
Now AC    c1    2  c2  and AE  1  2
 2   2  2 2
 d1 d 2 
and AB  BD. sec    h1  h2    . sec 
 2 2
 AC  AE sec 
We know from equation (iii) sin  .
2 AB 2

Substituting in the above expression

 d1  d 2  c1  c2
sin 
2 2h1  2h2  d1  d 2

Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Balls &

14 Metrology cylinders
 Internal Taper Measurement by Balls and
Cylinders
The diameters are easily found by the following
formulae
 d1   d1  
D1   c1   . sec  . sec   c1  d1 . sec
 2 2 2 2 2

 d2   d2  
D2   c2   . sec  . sec   c2  d 2 . sec
 2 2 2 2 2
End Diameters

DL  D1   d1  2h1 . tan
2

DS  D2   2 H  2h2  d 2 . tan
2 Fig.: Measurement of Internal Taper by Balls &
15 Metrology cylinders
 External Taper Measurement by Sine Bar & Dial
Gauge

h
sin  
L

Fig. External Taper Measurement by Sine Bar & dial

gauge
16 Metrology
 Measurement of small end diameter
Dial gauge

Slip gauge
Roller

or k pi ece
W

Sine Bar

Fig. Measurement of small end diameter of Taper plug gauge by roller &
dial gauge
17 Metrology
 Measurement of small end diameter
d
AC  s 
2 S
In triangle ACD,
  d  Dia.
AD  AC. tan   s   . tan θ
d C
2  2 2 D
A
Axis D
θ/2
In triangle BDE, of
 d 
S
θ/2
cone
DE  DB. sec  . sec θ
2 2 2 E B

Ds  2 AE  2 AD  DE 
Fig. Measurement of small end diameter of
 
  2 s  d . tan  d . sec Taper plug gauge by roller & dial gauge
2 2
18 Metrology
 The End

Thank You !

19 Metrology