UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE AGUASCALIENTES

Degree and group: IMA05A

Introduction:
In this practice we make a fairing on a piece of plastic, making use of the milling machine,
in the same way thanks to this practice we obtained knowledge of how milling machines
work, knowing their parts of it and how to use them in an efficient and safe way , since they
are industrial machines with enough power which with improper use may have many
accidents, so I tell you about industrial hygiene and safety about these machines.
Develop:
Well in this practice we learned to use the milling in the conventional machine (figure 1.1),
and well, what is the milling?
A milling machine is a machine tool with a horizontal or vertical axis on which a cutting tool
called a "milling cutter" rotates and that has a horizontal table on which a workpiece is placed
or fixed to which we will shape (machine) with the milling machine.
As you bring the cutter to the workpiece on the table, the cutter cuts and shapes it.
A milling machine is a tool designed to machine metal, wood, and other solid materials. It is
also known as a multitasking machine because they are multipurpose machines capable of
milling and also turning materials. There are a infinity of drill bits We can see that in the
(figure 1.2).

Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2

Parts of the milling machine, we can watch that in the (figure 2.0):
• Base
• On / off button
• Handwheel for movement on the x axis: Allows you to move the part in the x direction
• Handwheel for movement on the y axis: Allows you to move the part in the y direction
• Handwheel for movement on the z axis: Allows you to move the part in the z direction
• Table: Part where the piece to be machined rests.
• Column
 • Torpedo
• Mania vela: Allows the cutter to be lowered through a spindle
• Spindle: Allows the vertical movement of the cutter to locate it in the correct position.

• Motor: It is the part of the milling machine that rotates the milling cutter in order to
obtain chip removal.

Figura 2.0: In this figure we can

watch the milling´s names of
parts.

In This practice we use the milling machine (figure 2.1), so I will talk about this milling
machine .
The operation of the milling machines is based on a cutting tool that, when rotating at high
speeds, allows to remove chips from a material. In this process, the person moves the cutting
tool and the piece, to start tearing off the material and ending up with the desired shape.

Figure 2.1: In this photo we can watch a milling machine.

First what we had to do was turn on the machine, followed by this we should do was place
the spindle with its respective bit to be able to drill or face, to be able to tighten the spindle
 we should tighten it from a bar that is above the column of the milling machine a little in
front of the motor, with this we make sure that our bit will not be ejected from the machine,
last but not least with the parallel bars we tried to match our material that we wanted to
manufacture, in this way now if we pressed our material with a bar and in this way everything
was safe in the milling machine, in the case of this practice we had to face a piece of plate so
we used the motor of the table in the same way so that in this way the process would be made
automatic

Next we will show you graphically how it was the follow-up of the steps and the parts that
were being touched and moving of the milling machine.

Second steep: We
tighten the spindle
with the
corresponding drill
to avoid accidents. Last steep: we turned
the lever on the right or
left depending on the
speed you want.

Third steep: We
put the parallel First steep: we turn
bars for hold our on the milling
material. machine.

fourth steep: We
rotate this part until it
arrives and squeeze
our material.

Next of this steep we have three levers for move the material depending on the thing that you
want to do in the material.
Calculates:

Conclusions:
With all this, as a conclusion we only have to deal with the most important and that in
which we have a good learning.
When we arrived at the practice and saw the size of the machine that we were going to
operate, it was a surprise since we do not have much experience in operating a milling
machine. It is interesting to see how, depending on the brand, model and certain
characteristics that may have special ones, they can change the general operation of the
machinery a lot.
Most of them are handled with the same principle, but it is very clear there, there were 3
machines which did the same job, but each one has a procedure (which may change by
pressing a piece or accommodating a lever, etc.) specific which we must do or at least take
into account in order to avoid any possible accident.
One of the things that was most interesting to us is the easy explanation that was given to
us before operating, perhaps it was short, but it served a lot so that we could operate fairly
decently. We were able to successfully learn several essential parts of the milling machine,
the most important being the work table, the various cranks that manage to move the
system little by little both vertically, longitudinally, transversely and a crank that moves the
head, the same head, motor, etc.
It was explained to us that there are different types of milling machines (as mentioned
above) that can vary due to insignificant things or due to systems that change the use of the
same, we can take into account that it changes due to the number of axes being the most
common are those that handle 3 axes (having also 4 and 5 axes implementing the option of
being able to rotate and tilt the part).
We learned that there are vertical, horizontal and universal milling machines (having the
advantage that it can be placed in both ways)
At the time of reaching out is where one is really going to take the knowledge that is really
worth it because this is how consciously and unconsciously one begins to learn muscle
memory, being one of the most important characteristics that we have as a rational being.
This is how we can more efficiently do any task that requires manual practice. While we
were discovering how small things of the milling machine work in an indirect way, it
became easier for us to operate the movement as it was reversed (leading to confusion for
those who had never operated a milling machine before).
Unfortunately, something that we notice and that we feel should be taken into account is the
fact that the parts that are loaned to us to be able to machine are already worn out and thus
the complete manipulation of the mechanism is difficult, causing delay in the fairing that is
given to it. he had planned to make the plastic bucket that he was scheming.
We take this practice as a good experience because with the arrival of quarantine we have
lost several subjects which they had to take in person because it involves physical feedback
which, taught online, is impossible to learn, and with it several practices which served as a
complement. perfect to understand what we are being taught resulting in productive
learning.
We are grateful that thanks to taking these small practices we have a great learning that we
hope to be able to share and put into practice with success in companies and in any place
that we require to share our knowledge acquired throughout this semester and what we have
been on the run. Knowing how to make and operate this type of machinery allows you to
open too many doors to the world of work which are usually too coveted, resulting in
situations that if they are not taken advantage of, they may not reappear.
With too much optimism we have been able to observe that in this type of machinery they
tend to have characteristics that can make them special, resulting in various types such as
those that are manual (using 3 axes), mobile bridge (where the tool is the one that performs
all the work), copier (those in charge of replicating the designs of the pieces), circular
(where you can manipulate the piece while rotating it in several axes) and finally those of
the CNC type (being used by computer resulting in a machine automated).
With this, when we come to operate a CNC machine, the issue of the application of the
protocols will be easier, since it would be almost the same only that at the moment we do
not know what can change apart from the way of being able to operate a CNC to
comparison of the milling machine but we hope that with all this that we have well learned
we can (successfully) manage the CNC and (as I mentioned earlier) have a more complete
learning in order to be able to leave the companies more prepared.
In order to conclude with the conclusion, we can only say that perhaps we cannot be seen
very enthusiastic when it comes to operating them, but believe us that we have a lot of fun
being there finding out and seeing all the potential that can be reached for them.
take out if handled properly. Something we can say is that by having a fresh mind we can
come up with ideas that may be implemented to save steps or perform movements that may
cost more work, hoping that with this, one as a student can manage to facilitate production
or use. this.
We can only say that we have been able to take advantage of all this knowledge, which if
they are used in a successful way we can avoid too many problems in the future. We
managed to reach the expected objective which was to be able to maneuver and know the
parts (at least the essential ones) in order to have a better relationship with them.

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