BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS AND LIPIDS

TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES

Experiment Observation Inference
TEST FOR REDUCING SUGAR A red precipitate Indicates the presence
Equal volume of Fehling’s reagent appears of reducing sugars like
solution ‘A’ and ‘B’ are taken in a test Glucose, Fructose,
tube to which 3-4 drops of sample is Maltose and lactose
added and heated
TEST FOR NON REDUCING SUGAR A brick red precipitate Indicates the presence
To the given sample few drops of Conc. is formed of non-reducing
HCl is added, boiled, and cooled. sugars like sucrose
The solution is neutralized by the
addition of few drops of NaOH. To this
Benedict’s reagent is added and heated
TEST FOR STARCH A deep blue colour is Indicates the presence
To the given sample few drops of iodine developed of starch
solution is added
TEST FOR CELLULOSE The material turns Indicates the presence
A little amount of given sample is placed blue of cellulose
on a clean glass slide with the drop of
water. The material is covered by a
cover slip. A few drops of Conc.H2SO4
and iodine solution are added on the
edge of the cover glass and is drawn
across the under surface of the cover
glass with the help of the blotting paper.
Excess of liquid is wiped clearly
TEST FOR PROTEINS
Experiment Observation Inference
XANTHOPROTEIC TEST A white precipitate is Indicates presence of
To the given sample few drops of formed on addition of protein
Conc.HNO3 is added, boiled, cooled and Conc.HNO3 which
neutralized by strong NaOH solution. turns yellow and to
orange on addition of
NaOH.
BIURET TEST Violet coloured Indicates the presence
complex is formed
To the sample add few drops of Biuret of protein
reagent (40% NaOH+1%CuSO4)
MILLON’S TEST A white precipitate is Indicates the presence
To the sample ,add few drops of Millon’s formed which turns of protein
reagent and boil the given solution brick red on boiling

TEST FOR LIPIDS

Experiment Observation Inference
PAPER SMEAR TEST A transparent spot is Indicates the presence
A little material is smeared on white formed of fats and oils.
paper and is held against light
ALCOHOLIC SUDAN III TEST Fat globules take up Indicates the presence
To the given sample little Sudan III is bright red colour of of fats and oils.
added and the test tube is shaken well the dye
SAPONIFICATION TEST A soapy layer is Indicates the presence
To the given sample 40% KOH solution formed of fats and oils.
is added, boiled and cooled. Shaken well
after adding water

REPORT:
The given sample contains Carbohydrates, proteins and oil or fat