Building Physics -1

Shadow Angle Calculations & Plotting

NIDHI CHADDA
M.ARCH SEM 1
JNEC
Definitions :Altitude & Azimuth
Altitude Angle Azimuth

The altitude angle (solar elevation angle) The azimuth is the angle between North, measured
describes how high the sun appears in the clockwise around the observer's horizon.
sky. A Sun due North has an azimuth of 0º, one due East
The angle is measured between an 90º, one due South 180º and one due West 270º.
imaginary line between the observer and
the sun and the horizontal plane the
observer is standing on(Earth’s Horizon)
The value of the solar altitude varies based
on the time of day, the time of year and the
Altitude in this sense is expressed as
latitude on Earth.
angular elevation (up to 90°) above the
horizon.

Azimuth is the number of degrees

clockwise from due north (usually) to the
object's vertical circle (i.e., a great circle
through the object and the zenith). varies
from 0° to 360°.

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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
Definitions :Horizontal Shading Angle & Vertical Shading Angle
Horizontal Shadow Angle (H.S.A)
The horizontal shadow angle is required
for vertical shading devices.
It is the horizontal angle between the
normal of the window pane & the
Azimuth of the Sun.
H.S.A=Wall Azimuth-Solar Azimuth

Vertical Shadow Angle (V.S.A)

The vertical shadow angle is required for
horizontal shading devices.
It is the angle between the Ground line &
Altitude of the Sun.
V.S.A=tan (Altitude) / cos (H.S.A)

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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
 Latitude - 15.2993
Sun Path Plotting :Warm & Humid Climate (Goa) Longitude - 74.1240

Table for Azimuth & Altitude Angles

9:00 12:00 3:00 6:00

AM PM PM PM
March 21 Azimuth 103 179 256 270
 due due due West
due South West
East
Altitude 42 75 45 0

May 21 Azimuth 76 179 284 290

due due due due West
East South West
Altitude 47 89 47 0

Dec 21 Azimuth 130 179 230 246

 due due due West
due South SW
SE

Altitude 31 50 32 0

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Base Diagram for Sun Path BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
H.S.A Calculations & Plotting : MARCH
TIME AZIMUTH ALTITUDE TAN (ALT) H.S.A
EAST FACADE DESIGN
March
9 A.M 103.00 42.00 0.90 13.00
12 P.M 179.00 75.00 3.73 89.00
3 P.M 256.00 45.00 1.00 166.00
6 P.M 270.00 0.00 0.00 180.00 3:00 PM
9:00 AM
WEST FACADE DESIGN 14°
13°

March

°
89
167°
91 166°
9 A.M 103.00 42.00 0.90 -167.00 °

12 P.M 179.00 75.00 3.73 -91.00 76°

77°

3 P.M 256.00 45.00 1.00 -14.00

6 P.M 270.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12:00 PM
SOUTH FACADE DESIGN
MARCH
9 A.M 103.00 42.00 0.90 -77.00
12 P.M 179.00 75.00 3.73 -1.00
3 P.M 256.00 45.00 1.00 76.00
6 P.M 270.00 0.00 0.00 90.00 Plan
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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
 V.S.A Calculations & Plotting : MARCH
MARCH - H.S.A. & V.S.A. CALCULATIONS
NDIA LATITUDE:15.2993°N
TIME AZIMUTH ALTITUDE V.S.A
EAST FACADE DESIGN
March
9 A.M 103.00 42.00 42.74
12 P.M 179.00 75.00 89.73
3 P.M 256.00 45.00 -45.86
6 P.M 270.00 0.00 0.00
9:00 AM 12:00 PM
WEST FACADE DESIGN 3:00 PM
°
137
March 43° 76°
9 A.M 103.00 42.00 -42.74 90°
46°
12 P.M 179.00 75.00 -89.73
3 P.M 256.00 45.00 45.86
WEST EAST
6 P.M 270.00 0.00 0.00 FACADE FACADE
SOUTH FACADE

SOUTH FACADE DESIGN

MARCH
9 A.M 103.00 42.00 75.97
12 P.M 179.00 75.00 75.00
3 P.M 256.00 45.00 76.40
6 P.M 270.00 0.00 0.00
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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
H.S.A Calculations & Plotting: MAY
TIME AZIMUTH ALTITUDE TAN (ALT) H.S.A
EAST FACADE DESIGN
MAY
BEDROOM
9 A.M 76.00 47.00 1.07 -14.00 6:00 PM 2740 X 2700
12 P.M 179.00 89.00 57.29 89.00
9:00 AM
3 P.M 284.00 47.00 1.07 194.00
20°
6 P.M 290.00 0.00 0.00 200.00 14°

WEST FACADE DESIGN 14° 89°

91
MAY °

9 A.M 76.00 47.00 1.07 -194.00

12 P.M 179.00 89.00 57.29 -91.00 104°
104°

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3 P.M 284.00 47.00 1.07 14.00

0°
6 P.M 290.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 1°
12:00 PM
SOUTH FACADE DESIGN
MAY
9 A.M 76.00 47.00 1.07 -104.00
12 P.M 179.00 89.00 57.29 -1.00 Plan
3 P.M 284.00 47.00 47.00 104.00
6 P.M 290.00 0.00 0.00 110.00
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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
 V.S.A Calculations & Plotting: MAY
MAY - H.S.A. & V.S.A. CALCULATIONS
INDIA LATITUDE:15.2993°N
TIME AZIMUTH ALTITUDE V.S.A
EAST FACADE DESIGN
MAY
9 A.M 76.00 47.00 47.86
12 P.M 179.00 89.00 89.98
3 P.M 284.00 47.00 -47.86
6 P.M 290.00 0.00 0.00 3:00 PM 9:00 AM
12:00 PM

WEST FACADE DESIGN 90°

MAY 48°
48°
9 A.M 76.00 47.00 -47.86
12 P.M 179.00 89.00 -89.98
3 P.M 284.00 47.00 47.86 WEST EAST SOUTH FACADE
FACADE FACADE
6 P.M 290.00 0.00 0.00
SOUTH FACADE DESIGN
MAY
9 A.M 76.00 47.00 -77.29
12 P.M 179.00 89.00 89.00
3 P.M 284.00 47.00 -89.71
6 P.M 290.00 0.00 0.00
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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
H.S.A Calculations & Plotting : DECEMBER
LOCATION : Goa, INDIA LATITUDE:15.2993°N
TIME AZIMUTH ALTITUDE TAN (ALT) H.S.A
EAST FACADE DESIGN
December
9 A.M 130.00 31.00 0.60 40.00
12 P.M 179.00 50.00 1.19 89.00
3 P.M 230.00 31.00 0.60 140.00
6 P.M 246.00 0.00 0.00 156.00 24° 38°
6:00 PM
WEST FACADE DESIGN 40°
9:00 AM
December 140
°

°
89
91
9 A.M 130.00 31.00 0.60 -140.00 °
°
140
12 P.M 179.00 50.00 1.19 -91.00 50° 156°
3 P.M 230.00 31.00 0.60 -40.00 50°
66
° 1°
6 P.M 246.00 0.00 0.00 -24.00
SOUTH FACADE DESIGN 12:00 PM
DECEMBER
9 A.M 130.00 31.00 0.60 -50.00
12 P.M 179.00 50.00 1.19 -1.00
Plan
3 P.M 230.00 31.00 0.60 50.00
6 P.M 246.00 0.00 0.00 66.00
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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
 V.S.A Calculations & Plotting : DECEMBER
DECEMBER - H.S.A. & V.S.A. CALCULATIONS
INDIA LATITUDE:15.2993°N
TIME AZIMUTH ALTITUDE V.S.A
EAST FACADE DESIGN
December
9 A.M 130.00 31.00 38.11
12 P.M 179.00 50.00 89.16
3 P.M 230.00 31.00 -38.11 9:00 AM 3:00 PM
3:00 PM
6 P.M 246.00 0.00 0.00

50°
WEST FACADE DESIGN 38° 38°
43°
December 89° 89°

9 A.M 130.00 31.00 -38.11

12 P.M 179.00 50.00 -89.16 WEST EAST SOUTH FACADE
FACADE FACADE
3 P.M 230.00 31.00 38.11
6 P.M 246.00 0.00 0.00
SOUTH FACADE DESIGN
DECEMBER
9 A.M 130.00 31.00 43.07
12 P.M 179.00 50.00 50.00
3 P.M 230.00 31.00 43.07
6 P.M 246.00 0.00 0.00
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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
H.S.A & V.S.A Calculations :For SE & NW Facade

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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
Shading Device Design: For South Facade
400

Window Shading Device

The climate Considered is
Warm & Humid.
Since its warm thus the
purpose it not to let the
sun in the indoors ,
specially during the noon.

The window shade has

been designed in a way to
provide louvers to break
the sun at an upper as well
as lower angle from
entering the window.
Reference Image

SOUTH FACADE Window Shading Device

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BP-Shadow Angle Plotting, By Nidhi Chadda (M.Arch -Environ, Sem 1)
Thank You !