What is Geodesy

it is the science of accurately measuring and

understanding three fundamental properties of the
Earth its geometric shape
its orientation in space

its gravity field

also the changes of these properties with time

Shapeof Earth geoid slightlyflattened at poles

difference between
SEED age
equatorial polar NITE
diameter is about
42hm
That's
why earth
woman iii i
Equatorialdiameter12,756
centre aroundequator

SouTH 1
POLE
 How to findexact location on this huge planet
usinglatitudes and longitutis
C TLATITUDED
angular distance of a placenorth or southfrom theearth's
centre running horizontal circles imaginary r earth

latitudes
o
y
whenthere are
dragged on
thesurfaceof
earthon same
É

form circular
latitudinallines

centre Earth
of
equator is a Olatitude
north ofequator southofequator
we have northern we havesouthern
latituteds latitudes
30 N Go N 3005 60 s
ego eg
distancebetween each
latitude in km
I Aswemoveawayfromequator
NorthSouth latitudesbecome
smaller

I AMlatitudes are parallel

toeachother
i
00equatoris the
I largest latitude
i Alllatitudes areequidistant
from oneanother

in smallest latitude bothpoles

900Nand90s

Manimum angle forlatitutes is 900

90netherylatitudes
90southernlatitudes t IN to 90 N and 15 there exist 181 latitudes
Iequator 181latitudes
Totallatitudinal line are 179lines
andsouth
as northpole poleare reduced to points
Move
as when we upthesizeof latitudesdecreases
I
because
ofshape of earth
 Prime meridian
LONGITUDE
passes through
The observer angular distance
ofa place east'onwest from the
Royal earth's centre passing it
vertically
toy in Greenwich Totalnumber
England oflongitudes
of 179 Eastern
179 Western
MIDDLE
21180

WEST

Éxig
3179

bow 300W ZOE JIE

MIDDLE
 Closest near poles

Totallongitudes 360

Semi Circularshape
halves
ofgreatcircles

PLATITUDES LONGITUDr
Are known as parallels Are known as meridians
Run in east west direction Run in north southdirection
Measuredistancenorth south Measuredistanceeast west
ofthe equator ofPrime meridian
Parallel to one another and farthestapartatequator
never meet andmeet at poles

longestlatitudeequator equal in length

circular in shape Semi circular shape
Rotationofearthaffects APPLICATIONT
Impose tosunlightthus

causing day night

EÉI
phenomenon

Revolving around
affects itsanis
xxxxx
winterswhen
year away
summer when
fromsun
doorto send
I
Revolvesaroundsun telliptical orbit

Time differs in various partsof Earth

Theposition of sun determines this

d
The position of sun is determined the
by changing
longitudesfrotation of earth

when one moves towards east

time is added on increased and
in turn is subtracted or decreased
when you move towards west

example
hustananglandIndiant
6 am 12 noon bpm
 In 24 hrs earth completes one rotation
L
This means it covers 3000 longitudes in
2hhours
J
Time taken to cover i longitude

1413186min
U mine

imithilongytimechanghmin

Do I
12 00

12 04
11 56
 longitudes which pass through India

DEFEATIST
Indamdard
Time

Broom

soooo

5 hours 30min aheadof Greenwhich

Commontime is there to avoid confusion in a

country as vast as India
 International date DaylightSaving when we move from IST to
91025
time increases moving east
is crooked or
so In place likeArunachal Pradesh Daylight
not straight is seen
Saving
I
as we did
International date line
not
want it to
minimum i m
cand
I man
it onlypasses
through ocean naw it na

International date line

Westtimedecreases Easttimeincreases
Wert dayincused East deceased
day

i
travel such distance we see
ifme we
a longas sunrise hasn't
back
go in day
occurred various places