Mechanical Safety

29 CFR 1910.210

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 Machine Sitting

 Bearing Capacity of the soil

(or) the foundation should be
checked.
 The proximity of hazard,
such as nearby structures,
overhead electric conductors
etc. should be checked.

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 Mechanical Hazards
 Mechanical hazards may occur in
 Point of operation
 All parts of the machine which move, such as:
 Pulleys, belts, couplings, chains, cranks, gears,
etc.
 feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the
machine
 In-running nip points

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 Rotating Parts

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 Machine Guarding
 All rotating & Moving parts
of machines should be
guarded

 Guards should not be

removed when the machine
is ON.

 Guard removed for

maintenance should be
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replaced as soon as possible. 14/7/2021
 Types of Guards
 Fixed: A permanent part of the machine, these guards are
typically made of sheet metal, screen, wire, bars, or plastic.
 Interlocked: They control the action of the machine by
automatically shutting it off if the interlocked guards are
opened or removed.
 Adjustable: These barriers can be manually adjusted to
accommodate various sizes and shapes of material.
 Self-adjusting: They open just enough to accept different
sizes of stock, and then automatically return to the reset
position.
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 Access to Machineries
 Safe and adequate means of
access including hand rails
shall be provided to all parts
where a person may have to
walk, climb or work.

 It has to restrict unauthorized

entry of workers.

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 Access to Machineries

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 Emergency Stop
 All the machineries must have an
emergency stop switch.
 It should be easily visible & well
marked.
 It should be easily reachable.
 If operated, the machine must stop
completely without any delay.

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 Maintenance Procedures
 Work-permit system shall be
implemented
 Maintenance shall be done only by
authorized personnel
 No repair & maintenance works
while the machine in operation
 Electric Power shall be shut off and
relevant fuses removed.
 Lock out / Tag out system shall be
followed.

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 Fire Prevention
 A Stored Pressure type Dry Chemical
Powder fire extinguisher shall be
provided nearby all the machineries.

 Extinguishers should be inspected &

maintained

 Operator to be trained on use of fire

extinguisher

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 Earth moving & Lifting Machinery
❖ The Operator shall be
adequately, protected from
weather by providing a cabin.

❖ The windows shall be provided

with toughened safety glass and
wipers.

❖ Arrangement of the controls &

Seat should permit safe
operation of the machinery
without undue fatigue and
discomfort.

❖ Seat Belt for the Operator to be

provided, with guardrails and toe
guards.
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 Brakes & Controls
❖Hoisting motions shall be fitted with brakes and locks

❖Effective braking devices shall be provided on the

wheels of the machinery.

❖Manual parking brake acting on the driving wheels

shall also be provided.

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 Operators & Drivers
The Operators and Driver shall,

1. Be Authorized and competent

2. Possess valid license
3. Not wear loose clothing
4. Cover loose hair
5. Have clear view of the load &
operational area
6. Act upon the instructions of the
signaler

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 Operators & Drivers
The Operators and Driver shall

1. Not leave his cabin while the

machine is running or the load is
suspended
2. Switch off the electric power
supply or stop the engine and
apply appropriate brakes and
locks before leaving the machine
3. Have good vision and undergo the
medical test for vision once at
least in every two years.
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 Working near overhead power line

 Avoid Working Overhead Power Line.

 In unavoidable case the following minimum clearance shall

be maintained between the machinery and the line.
11kv and below 1.40m
33 kv and below 3.60m
132 kv and below 4.70m
273 kv and below 5.70m
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400 kv and below 6.50m
 Earth Moving Equipment
Every vehicle or earth moving equipment
shall have the following fully functional:

❖ Silencers;

❖ Tail lights;

❖ Power and hand brakes;

❖ Reversing alarm; and

❖ Search light for forward and

backward movements

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 Excavator
❖ Work permit in case of
underground utility
❖ Safe clearance overhead
electrical Line.
❖ Safe distance from
excavations.
❖ Swing Lock to prevent from
accidental swinging during
operation or transport.

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 Dozer
❖When moving uphill, the blade shall be kept low.
❖When running down the hill the bulldozer shall be in the
lowest gear.
❖Blade shall not be used as brake except in case of
emergency.
❖The blade suspension arrangement shall be inspected
once a week.

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 Batching Plant

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 Batching Plant
❖ The plant should be operated, only if all safety
devices such as interlocks, guards, emergency stops,
etc. are in place.
❖ Before starting the plant, it shall be ensured that
nobody is working on the plant.
❖ Starting and stopping procedures, control devices /
signals shall be followed according to the
manufacturer’s guidelines.
❖ No one shall be allowed to enter the danger area.

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Crusher Plant

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 Crusher Plant
 Qualified Operators to be employed
 All accesses and work platforms with guard rails.
 There shall be efficient energy isolation system.
 Stop blocks shall be provided to prevent vehicles approaching too
near the plant.
 Work-permit system shall be implemented for repair and
maintenance of the plant.
 No persons shall be allowed to enter dump hopper to clear
blockages unless the feeder mechanism is stopped and the
dumping signal is on “STOP”.

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 Air Compressor

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 Air Compressor
 To be inspected regularly by qualified and trained
employees.
 All pipes, hoses, and fittings are to withstand the
maximum pressure.
 Air supply shutoff valves to be located (as near as
possible) at the point-of-operation.
 Air hoses to be kept free of grease and oil to reduce
the possibility of deterioration (reduction in quality).
 Hoses shall not be placed across ground, floors or
aisles. When possible, air supply hoses shall be
suspended overhead.
 Compressed air shall not be used under any
circumstances to clean dirt and dust from clothing or of
a person’s skin. 14/7/2021
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 Air Compressor
 Static electricity can be generated through the use of
pneumatic tools. This type of equipment to be grounded.
 Rotating & Moving parts, such as compressor flywheels,
pulleys, and belts are to be guarded
 Each air receiver to be equipped with at least one pressure
gauge and safety valve of the proper design.
 A safety (spring loaded) release valve to be installed to
prevent the receiver from exceeding the maximum allowable
working pressure.
 Air receiver shall be identified with working pressure,
capacity, test details, etc.
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Never Stand between the Pump and Transit
Mixer
If the pump becomes energized everything that
touches the pump is also energized
Use a spotter when the boom is in a confined area or
near obstructions or wires.
•Spotter should warn the operator if he is nearing trouble.
•Two sets of eyes are better than one.
 Never open a Pressurized Line
1. A plugged line may have maximum pump pressure inside.
2. Wait until the operator reverses the pump and tells you that it safe
to open the pipe.
 Watch for This

The truck can tip over if the soil gives away.

 Cleaning with Compressed Air

Never open a pipe that has been pressurized with air.

Never use compressed air to clear a blockage. Use Ball Catcher
 Environment
 diesel and other fuels;
 lubricants and hydraulic fluids;
 Solvents/ chemicals;
 hazardous waste;
 contaminated water;
 drums and/or tanks of unknown contents

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 CONCLUSION

"One machine can do the work of fifty

ordinary men. No machine can do the
work of one extraordinary man."

-- Elbert Hubbard
Any Queries ?