My Notes in Criminology: Christian Jimena Corpuz Cle October 2014 (Page 1 To 10 of 110 Pages)

CHRISTIAN JIMENA CORPUZ MY NOTES IN CRIMINOLOGY1st Placer CLE OCTOBER 2014
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION (page 1 to 10 of 110 pages)
Question Answer
This means a social control. Itis the suffering which is
inflicted or affected by the state for the transgression penalty
of a law?
It is characterized by silence & complete segregation
penitentiary
of the inmates.
It advocatedthe practice of having the
convicts confined in their cells for both
day &night while observing complete
Explain thePennsylvania prison system. silence. The European countries made
this system a model for
development&establishment of their
prison systems.
It involves Integrity, intelligence& good judgement as
Personality
to command respect & public confidence.
This stage involves the attention shifts tothe genitalia
phallic stage
& they become the source of sensual satisfaction.
Minnesota residential programs foroffenders who
otherwise would have been incarcerated .It is based
port project
on the step between probation & prison, or a halfway
in house.
Thecriminology of Lombroso and Enrico Ferri that
emphasizesthecondition of the individual offender positive criminology
rather thanthe type of crime
It includes the word "discipline" in you, itis not
positive discipline
basically punitive.
It refers as the Italian School of Criminology positive school
To assist the court in determining
whether or not the end of justice will be
What is the purpose of PSIR?
served by granting probation to the
petitioner.
What do you call this one when there is a strong Praising
1
motivating force in sensing onesit is appreciated. The
supervisor must extend his praise to a wide area of
virtues & values?
It is a brief summary of theinmate’s case including
casehistory&the silent points whichareconsidered pre-board summary
necessary whether or not parole is to be granted.
What do you call this one when the prisoner was being
released from room outside the prison for a minimum
pre-release leave
period per day to make work out arrangement for his
release.
Any prison program designed to prepare an inmate for
release. It is a program which includes halfway house
pre-release program
replacement, home furlough, or merely special
housing & discussion sessions in prison.
It is the study by probation ofCERS concerning an
offenderscondition, past crimes, life history, & other PSIR
information deemed relevant to sentencing.
It is a form of advice, reprimand and warning to avoid
Preventivediscipline
misbehavior on the future.
One of the basic pattern that influences of social
behavior. It is typically recognized by the ECONOMIC,
primary institutions
POLITICAL, EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, & FAMILY
INSTITUTIONS.
What penalties that expressly imposed by the courts in
principal penalties
the judgement of conviction?
The previouscriminal record that stated,if any or any
prior records
violations of the law.
Arson confined in jail or prison to serve a sentence
after a conviction by a competent court or authority. Prisoner
Also refers to as convict.
They are the custodial officers whoare deemed
instrumental in the reformation of prisoners due to prison guards
their most frequent contact with the inmates.
Explain what is probation? Itis a dispositionunder the defendant
2
after conviction and sentence is
released subject to the conditions
imposed by the court and the
supervision of a probation officer.
The one who investigates the courts for a referral and
probation officer
for probation or supervise a probationer or both.
It refers to a person placed under probation. Probationer
District attorney’s, assistants, federal
prosecutors or other officers of the
Who are considered as prosecutors?
court responsible for charging and
proving the guilt of the accused.
To convert or induce another to change his religious
Proselytizing
belief, sector they like to another.
This emerged after the establishment of prison
systems. It has been regarded as a social
Protection
defensewherein the society would gain protection by
putting criminals behind bars.
Examines the convict & prepare an abstract of the
Psychiatrist
emotional & mental constitution of the individual.
Treatment of mind, soul, or immaterial aspect of the
Psychotherapy
human.
Prison labor utilized in the construction of public roads,
public work system
bridges, buildings, dams and other similar structure.
A newly convicted prisoner is housed forat least a
minimum period of 5 days for the conduct of medical
Quarantine unit
examination, vaccinations, x-ray to prevent physical
contamination.
What is witness protection program act? R.A 6981
It defines a certain rights of the accused under
R.A 7438
custodial investigation.
An act re-imposing the Death Penalty. R.A 7659
It is contended that the state liberally creates deviant
radical criminology
categories as part of its control mechanism.
3
A William Glaser’s program of behavior change based
on a therapist attempt to get a client to own his
reality therapy
behavior and to take responsibility for its
consequences.
It is the unit in prison or specialized facility with the
function of orientation, testing, classification, & RDC
distribution of offenders in prison programs.
The prisoners appears before the classification
committee periodically after his initial classification to Reclassification
keep current his treatment & training program.
Is a legal device deployembedded in
English law originated as a measures of
preventivejustice and as such it consist
obliging persons. It is a mechanism
whereby a person accused of a crime
Explain what is recognizance?
may be released on his own strength
pending trial of his case or on the
assurance of a reputable person in d
community that will appear if called
during the trial to testify.
An integral part of their adjustment be given guided
recreational activities, otherwise, they will frequently
Recreation
pool rooms, bars and other unwholesome recreational
joints.
The Latest justification of punishment. It is an act of
restoring to a good repute or accept responsibility; Reformation
restore to formal standing, rank, right or privileges.
It is a progressive development of the prison systems
reformatory movement
which came at the middle of the 19th century.
It Provides for a bi-annual meetings of correspondents
in appropriate consultative groups in the composition
regional consultative groups
of which ethnic legislative & customary affinities are to
be taken into account.
Refers to the process that entails a simplification of
behaviorwhich may contribute to harm inflicted upon Regression
oneself or render one vulnerable to others.
4
Refers to treatment by means of therapy, vocational
training, education and counseling to help criminals to Rehabilitation
adjust to society and to avoid deviant social behavior.
An act or statement that leads to the increased or
sustained performance or a learned stimulus - Reinforcement
response connections.
The process of convict reentry into the community
Reintegration
from a correctional institution.
A means of corrections that encourages offenders to
confront their wrongful acts and misdeeds, experience
Re-integrative shaming
dishonor as a result of the harm they caused and later
re-included in society.
When a parolee or his family is in desire need of the
basic necessities of life, the parole officerefers the
Relief
parolee to a social welfare agency which can extend
them relief.
Temporary stay in the execution of the
court ordered by the president verdict
to enable review of the merits of the
case. The execution is set backwards to
What is relieve? Explain. enable the president to review the
merits of the case and determine proper
punishment for the convict.it is
exercised only by the president only
afterconviction.
It is a facility which has been described as standing
between the captivity of prisons and the relative residential center
freedom of probation and parole.
It describes behavior characteristics of the depressed
Resignation
and lonely types described by HENTING.
It is the ability to fulfill one needs and to do so in a
way that does not deprive others of the ability to fulfill Responsibility
their needs.
It is a payment of the offender to victim for damages Restitution
caused by an offense .Sometimes, particularly with
5
juveniles service is rendered in lieu of cash payment.
What is the humanistic and non-punitive means to
restorative justice
restore social harmony and correct wrongful acts?
It describes many violent crimes in which offenders
have replaced normal ideas of success with RETREATISM
demonstration of individual toughness or powers.
This is a primitive form of inflictingpunishment by way
of personal vengeance. In its imposition, the
Retribution
punishment would depend on the degree of
satisfaction d aggrieved of offendedpartywould obtain.
It was seen as the cause of unending vendetta
between the offender and the victim. To regulate
personal vengeance the relation was limited to the Retribution
degree of injury inflicted, hence the philosophy of "an
eye for an eye" evolved.
It was the cancellation of probation or parole because
Revocation
of a new crime, or for breaking probation rules,
What law paved the way for the construction of
PROC # 72
SABLAYAN penal colony?
16,000 hectare lot located in
What is the land area of SABLAYAN penal farm?
SABLAYAN, Occidental Mindoro
Itis an open institution which has rice
for its principal product and grows
vegetable crops for their consumption
and that of the convict of other
Explain SABLAYAN Penal Colon institutions. Self- reliant terms of
agricultural product needs and
considered as the fastest growing &
youngest institution in the Philippines
correctional administration system.
What is the temporary custody of a prison or the
detention of the person for his own protection or care Safekeeping
to ensure from liability, harm, injury or danger?
It is an individual score for inmates in the federal salient factor score
Bureau of Prisons used by the federal parole
6
commission to estimate the chance of parole failure.
This involves the exploration of one's entire human life
script analysis
drama.
Established the legal status of the crime with which
the offenderwill be charged although thereis no explicit SE DEFENDENDO
reference to the individual victim.
A prison system which separated a group by institution
to prevent moral or physical contamination of one
Segregation
group by another and to prevent unnecessary
custodial risks.
One of the strategy of enhancing prison sentences for
selective incapacitation
dangerous chronic criminals & recidivists.
What do we call a person whois convicted guilty by the
sentenced prisoner
court for the commission of an offense?
The stage of the criminal process when punishment of
Sentencing
convicted defendants is pronounced.
Apractice in restorative justice in which
communitymembers meet with the accused and the
sentencing circle
victim to suggest ways that the offender may provide
ways of restitution to the community.
A sentence stated that an individualconvicted of
sentencing disparity
similar acts may be given a different punishment.
A process of collecting information to increase access
to available human service agencies, referring clients
service brokering
and providing advocacy for clients. It includes
specialty services.
The social work practice of assigning cases to
individual workers whoare asked to diagnose, lend social casework
assistance, & supervise clients.
The Ultimateobjective of psychoanalysisis the process
by which subgroups and persons are influenced to
social control
conduct themselves in conformity with group
expectations.
A corruption of Darwin's theory of evolution applied to social Darwinism
7
social relations used to explain that the most
evolutionarily advanced human where those who
gained social advantage.
Imitative learning; having a client copy the behavior or
social modeling
subject whois behaving correctly.
This refers to a Prison's probation & parole agencies
conveniently avail of d services of social service
social service exchange
agencies by referring to them problems of inmates or
Parolee’s dependents.
Is the general term for the combined art & sciences
which has its objective with the remediation of social social work
problems.
To study of the persons or interview of the family,
Sociologist
friends & relatives of convicted person.
Itis a method of punishment resorted to in extreme
solitary confinement
cases when lighter penalties are ineffectual.
A crime control guiding principle suggestion that
punishment be made severe enough to convince
specific deterrence
criminal offenders never to do again their criminal
activities.
A mandate that offenders punishment wouldhave
serve a portion of their sentence in institutions & split sentence law
derby released to undergo probation.
Refers to a case conference or guidance conference
wherein the tentative formulation of rehabilitation staff conference
program is conducted with the inmate concerned.
A transition from one social status to another, as from
status passage
defendant to convict or inmate to parolee.
It generally refers to labeling, mark or brand. Stigma
What do we call a prisoner daily release during school
hours so the offenders can attend school and they study release
became a model on the work release program?
A variety of social theories emphasizes the sub-cultural theory
differentiation of cultural pockets that differ from the
8
parentculture and which lead to perception of deviance
on the part of subculture members.
To make the punishment that fits of crime. Sublime
A person who is prone to take his own life. suicide risk
The designated place of confinement for hardened
super security facility
criminals and those troublemakers and escapees.
9
CRIME DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION (page 1-10 of 118 pages)
Question Answer
This refers to any material that can be oxidized by a
reducing agent which has a reference to a fuel’s ability to Fuel
reduce an oxidizing agent.
It is a type of energy and disorder. Heat
It is a measure of the degree of disorder. Temperature
This refers to a vapour of gases distilled during d process
of burning of materials carried into the flame. This vapours
chemical chain reaction
contain unchanged atoms & molecules having electrical
charge which attract or repel other particles.
How many percent of oxygen is needed for combustion? 16%
It is the vaporized products of combustion. fire gases
It is the visible luminous body of burning gas which
become hotter & become less luminous when mixed with Flame
an increased amount of oxygen.
This is the form of energy which is measured in degrees of
temperature to signify its intensity. Heat is the product of Heat
combustion responsible for the spread of fire.
It is a visible product of incomplete combustion. It consists
of the mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon
Smoke
monoxide, finely divided particles of soot and carbon and
other products released from the materials involved.
Under this phase, the oxygen content in the air has not
been significantly reduced and the fire is producing water
vapour, CO2, CO, perhaps a small quantity of Sulfur incipient or beginning phase
dioxide, & other cases. The flame temperature s above
1000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Explain Free Burning phase. During this phase, oxygen-rich air is drawn into the flame as convection carries the heat
to the uppermost portion of the confinement area. The heated gas spreads out laterally
from the top downward, forcing the cooler air to seek lower levels & eventually igniting all
the combustible materials and the upper levels of d rom. In this situation, fire fighters
must prevent breathing the superheated air as it can destroy their respiratory tract. At
10
this instance, the temperature can exceed 1300 degrees Fahrenheit at the upper portion
of the room.
The flame on this stage may stop to occur if the area does not have supply of air. Burning
under this point is reduced to glowing embers. The room is completely filled with a dense
smoke and fire gases that pressure and force them to seep in the cracks of the building.
Explain Smoldering Phase.
The temperature will be as high as over 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. The heat vaporized the
lighter fuel such as hydrogen and methane, from the materials consumed by fire in the
room and therefore increases the hazard.
This is the final stage of the process of the fire growth
where in all combustible materials within a compartment
are all ignited. The cause of the flashover is due to the
excessive build up of heat from the fire itself and once all Flashover
the contents of the fire area are heated gradually into its
ignition temperature simultaneous ignition occurs and the
entire area becomes fully involved with fire.
It is the rate at which flame travels over the surface
interior building materials and finishes with a flame spread
rating that indicates the rate at which flame will spread
Flame Spread
over the surface of the material. The lowest rating is zero
while a higher number indicates a faster rate of travel on d
material.
1. Removal of fuel
2. Exclusion of oxygen
What are the Fire Extinguishing methods?
3. Reduction of temperature
4. Inhibition of chain
These are persons who subject themselves to an intense
artificial stimulants such as alcohol or narcotics and are alcoholics & drug addicts
most prone to commit crimes
It is the study of an unknown evidence or item found in
Analysis
the crime scene to determine its essential characteristics
Using this strategy would create an emotional confusion on
the part of the subject which will disturb & distract him
anxiety approach
and in turn would hamper his ability to answer
untruthfully.
These are those who cut the strap by which the bag is
bag clipper
suspended, removes its contents and throw it away.
11
This refers to those who surreptitiously open the bag
suspended from a person's arm and gets its contents bag opener
particularly the wallet, cell phone and other valuable items
This is the instantaneous rigidity of a group of muscles at
the time of death due to extreme nervous tension,
cadaveric spasm
exhaustion or injury to the nervous system. It is frequently
common with violent deaths.
The stage where the robber before executing the robbery,
casing the job
conducts a reconnaissance to study their target.
This pertains to the number of persons who handles
physical evidence from the time of its collection from the chain of custody
crime scene up to the disposition of the case.
The chop job is crude but effective. The operator simply
chopping method
turns the safe upside down so that the bottom is exposed.
It is also known as tight tail, this refers to the method
employed when the subject is moving but is kept on
constant view. This is conducted with more precaution close tail
than any other kind of tailing and constant surveillance is
needed so as not to lose the subject.
When does coagulation of the blood inside the vessel
6-8 hours ff death
starts?
The process of examining how the characteristics of the
evidence gathered compared with established properties of Comparison
known items
This refers to a standard arrow designating the north to
compass direction
facilitate proper sketch orientation
This refers to facts which prove the body of the crime. This
corpus delicti
would establish that a crime was committed.
It is where the techniques and principles of natural and
physical sciences are applied and protected to the analysis crime lab
of crime scene evidence.
Refers to the use of physical evidence, scientific method, crime scene reconstruction
deductive reasoning and their interrelationship to acquire
definite & clear knowledge of the series of events and
12
circumstances that surrounds d commission of d crime.
It is prepared for indicating the actual measurement of
things with scale and proportion observed and oriented to
rough sketch
the north pole. All necessary information are placed in the
sketch.
It is the rate of decay of dead bodies n tropical climate degree of decomposition of the body
When does decomposition starts n a tropical country? 36-48 hours
It is a narration of the subject matter of issues which
depicts the size, colour, design, quality, character, location Description
and shape of thing to b described.
It is the search for physical evidence which is done using
the accepted methods of search depending upon the actual detailed search
location to be searched.
It gives information to the investigators in the attempt to
double crosser informants
gather for himself the facts related to the case.
This refers to those persons who give information which
are concocted out of thin air. They give facts which are
false in4mants
fictitious w the attempt to divert police efforts of
investigation from himself or any of his associates.
Suffering under apprehension of anger and has become
suspicious of associates and the criminal enterprise, this is
Fear
a motive of informants who worry of their own safety and
that of their family.
It is a final review of the crime scene to determine whether
or not the processing has been completed. Usually final survey
undertaken by the team leader of the SOCO unit.
This is the draft of the crime scene made for courtroom
presentation where proper scale & proportion should be finished sketch
detailed.
The subject is in prone position; face down touching the
ground, with arms extended over head. The investigator
floor search
crouches at the side of the subject at the region of the
waist of the subject.
Explain friendly approach. In this strategy, the investigator should be able to establish that they are willing to help
13
the suspect and avoid harsher penalties. He must be seen as a friend, a brother and an
adviser. He must be able to relate to the suspect that several justifying, mitigating
circumstances are allowed by our courts and those would be applied to the subject
whenever appropriate with the help of the police.
This is produced by forcible contact of the body by sharp-edged instruments, like bolo,
What is an incised wound?
knives, axe, broken glass or sharp edge of oyster.
This refers to the uniqueness of some item of evidence
made possible by d fact that no two items occurring in Individualization
nature are exactly the same.
It is also known as assets, stool pigeons and they are
referred to as someone who provides information to police Informants
investigators.
What is INFORMATION? Any form of communicated knowledge which comes from persons, place or things.
It refers to the particular means to affect a result. This
must be proven. It is always presumed from the
Intent
commission of the unlawful act. It assumes the exercise of
freedom and the use of intelligence.
It is a skilful and thorough questioning of a reluctant
Interrogation
person who may be a suspect in a particular crime.
It refers to the questioning of a cooperative subject,
Interview
usually witnesses to a crime.
Those who reluctantly give information even though they do not desire to know that they
What is an involuntary informant?
are doing so.
It refers to an informal and summary investigation conducted by a public prosecutor in
criminal cases involving persons arrested and detained with the benefit of warrant for the
Explain Inquest Proper.
purpose of determining whether or not the said person should remain under custody and
correspondingly be charged in court.
This is used where no wall or upright object is available for the wall search. the subject is
Explain Kneeling search.
required to kneel with hands raised and secured behind him with handcuffs.
This refers to persons with criminal record and whose
identity and profile are available from the police file or known criminals
database.
It means the tearing of the skin due to forcible contact of a blunt instrument. The edges
What is Lacerated Wound?
are irregular and do not correspond to the wounding instrument.
14
The explanation of symbols used to identify objects in a
Legend
sketch
The method employed when subject is moving and is not
constantly kept within view. It is a type of shadowing
loose tail
wherein the habit, general impression and associates of
the target must be ascertained.
This refers to those informants who give information for
mercenary informant
valuable consideration.
This refers to the characteristic or distinct way a criminal
commits a specific type of crime. It was devised by Maj.
Gen. Lewely Atcherly and it operates under the theory
modus operandi
"that it is human nature that personal habits and
mannerism do not change easily but remains with the
individual for year"
It refers to the reason that induces a person to commit a
crime. It is the moving power which compels one to act for
Motive
a specific and definite result. It is regarded as an essential
element of a cime.
It is a kind of interrogation which is utilized for subjects
who are willing to talk and cooperate with the narrative type
investigators.
It uses at least a number of personnel following the subject on foot. All the details which
pertains to the place where the subject went, the persons and associates and the subject
Explain One Man Shadow.
came into contact as well as their general description must be well-noted by the person
conducting the shadowing.
It is the physical possibility that allows a criminal to
Opportunity
commit an act.
These are people who furnish police officers their
communicated knowledge on matters and are directly and
indirectly involved with criminals. Their identity and the
crimes that they commit usually of the anonymous type, in ordinary informant
dealing with such persons it is a must for the investigator
not to reveal facts which are already at the disposal of the
police.
These are thieves who extract wallet from a man's pocket pants pocket worker
15
without the knowledge of the victim.
It is a means employed by the investigators to temporarily
police restraint
deprive liberty of a person by taking him into custody.
This is ordinarily made at the time and scene of an arrest.
Its primary purpose is to discover concealed weapons and
preliminary searches of person
seizure of incriminating evidence which might be
destroyed.
In doing this, the dial is first knocked off the safe with
hammer. The punch is then held against spindle of the punch job
safe and hit sharply with a mallet or hammer.
It is a kind of interrogation in which questions are asked
and the subject supplies answer. This would entail
Q & A type
knowledge of the investigator regarding d crime
committed.
A surprise invasion of a building area. It is an attack on
Raid
small scale of a limited territory.
It is a moving cause for a person to reveal information 2to
Remuneration
authorities in exchange for a reward or money.
This is undertaken by requesting the subject to join a police line up in which several
Explain Reverse Line-up method. persons will point to him as having committed fictitious offenses. As a result of which, the
subject may tend to confess to the real offense of which he has taken part of.
It refers to the greatest number of safe breaker employed
with the rip technique. The required tools include an rip-job
electric drill & crowbar.
This is a compilation of photographic files of known criminals kept for identification
Explain Rogues Gallery
purposes of witnesses in case of future crimes.
It is also known as undercover assignment, it is a method
of investigation in which the investigator assumes different
Roping
and unofficial identity to locate criminals and obtain
information.
This is conducted with less special caution since the
subject or target knows that he is being followed by the rough shadowing
police for his protection.
It is conducted to discover weapons or evidences to Search of a person.
16
determine identity.
It is also called as tailing. Shadowing
It refers to the simplest but most effective way of showing
actual measurement and of identifying significant physical Sketch
evidences in their location at the crime scene.
It is a type of reconstruction to deduce the consequence,
specific event reconstruction
direction, condition, relation & identity.
It is used to detail what transpired in a homicide, traffic
specific incident reconstruction
accident & bombing cases.
It is also known as bluff method and is utilized when there
are two or more culprits and stating to the subject that the
split-pair method
others have already confessed and directly linked him/her
with the commission of the crime.
It is done by placing feet apart & hands raised. The searcher stands to the rear and uses
How is Standing Search done?
the technique in wall search.
It is the disguised observation of places, persons and
vehicles for the purpose of obtaining information which Surveillance
concerns the identities or d activities of the subject.
It is also known as emotional appeal, it is a technique
wherein the investigator acts as a psychologist who would
listen to the problem, provide counselling and create in the
mind of the subject that the police are willing to help and
sympathetic approach
understands the situation which lead to the commission of
the crime. This would in turn develop trust and confidence
of the subject to the investigator and would aide in
obtaining a confession.
It is found exceedingly difficult to control. The main body
of the bomb consisted of powdered aluminum & titanium Thermal bombs
oxide.
It is also referred to as ABC method. This involves more
personnel hence signals which are predetermined and 3 man shadow
planned for following the subject is pre-arranged.
This refers to physical evidences which assist police
tracing evidence
investigators to locate the suspect
17
This form of shadowing enables a change of operatives
which would make 8 hard for the subject to easily 2 man shadow
recognize them.
It refers to those criminals whose description & identity are
unknown criminal
provided by witnesses.
It refers to the method of identification of criminals by
description of persons who has perceived or witnessed the verbal description
commission of the crime.
These are persons who give information to shed light to a
particular case. It is also referred to as legitimate
informants. They usually refer to operators of known voluntary informants
businesses who do not want their establishments
associated with criminal elements.
He undertakes the problems regarding transportation to
and from the scene of the bank. He usually steals a car & Wheelman
provides another license plate on it.
This refers to the primary speed control of a motor vehicle,
which controls the inflow of fuel to the engine decreasing Accelerator
or increasing its revolution per minute
Any attachment to a motor vehicle, not an essential part
Accessory
but for aesthetic purposes.
This refers to that occurrence in a chain of events which
usually produces unintended injury, death or property Accident
damage.
It is the process of determining factors on how accidents
occur & how to mitigate and prevent its effects through accident analysis
clinical & statistical method.
A court function in traffic law enforcement, this step
Adjudication
determines the guilt or innocence of the accused.
It is an internal combustion engine usually of a motorcycle,
stationary which uses the flow of air in and around cooling
air cooled engine
fins on its cylinder to dissipate the heat generated during
its operation.
It provides electrical power to the ignition, as well as Alternator
18
recharges the battery while the engine is running.
It refers to an impact between two traffic units
approaching on separate roadways or other paths that angle collision
intersect.
It is wholly a police responsibility, where in the arrest of
the traffic violator is required to prevent continued and Apprehension
future violations.
It refers to a motor vehicle with a seating capacity of two
to eight people, usually with four wheels, powered by its
Automobile
own means of propulsion, which may be electric motor,
diesel or gasoline engine.
AUV Asian Utility Vehicle
It is the degree to which the outside edge of a roadway is
Bank
higher than the inside edge at a specified area on a curve.
It is a strip which when placed parallel to a lane line or
centre line indicates that all traffic units must not cross the barrier line
line for purposes of passing or overtaking
It is a vital component of a vehicle which has the capacity
to store an electrical charge used to start the engine of the
Battery
vehicle and to provide power for its electrical components
while the engine is not in operation.
It is a narrow raised ledge on the outer edge of the
Berm
shoulders on major highways.
It is a theory which asserts that man exhibits constant
Biorhythm
variation of life energy and mood states
It is a form of measurement that determines the volume of
alcohol in an individual's blood stream by chemical blood alcohol level
analysis.
The explosion or disintegration of a pneumatic tire due to
its inability to contain the air inside under pressure, blow out
frequently due to material failure
It is the space through which brakes may be applied to
breaking distance
slow a vehicle to avoid a collision
19
It refers to the front & rear end component of a vehicle
usually made of steel or fiber glass designed to absorb part
Bumper
of force of a collision directly from the back or front of a
vehicle.
This refers to the act of dissembling a vehicle for the
purpose of separately selling the components or to use Cannibalize
them as replacement for broken down parts.
A slang word which denotes d act of forcefully stealing a
Carnap
motor vehicle.
It refers to the persons who are either dead or injured as a
Casualty
result of an accident.
It is the simultaneous and consequential factors without
Cause
any one of each result could not have occurred.
It is a series of two or more traffic accidents occurring one
chain reaction accident
after another in the same location.
It is an illegally brought vehicle, broken down as parts and
components to avoid paying higher taxes and duties, and chop-chop
then reassembled as a complete working unit.
Refers to those interlink between municipalities and within
city roads
the city proper with a right of way of 15 meters.
The number denoting the resistance of two sliding surfaces
in contact. It is also called as the drag factor in traffic co-efficient of friction
accident investigation represented by Greek "MU"
It is an event wherein two or more vehicles physically
Collision
make contact with other sufficient force to create damage.
20
CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY (Page 1-10 of 45 pages)
Question Answer
Are those persons whounintentionally
commit criminal acts as a result of accidental criminals
unanticipated circumstance?
Forcible sex in which theoffender and the
acquaintance rape
victimare familiar with one another.
The act of taking personalproperty
Acquaintancerobbery
belonging topeople known to the theft.
Refers to those whocommitcrimesin an
impulsive manner usually due to active aggressive criminal
aggressive behaviour of theoffender.
The analysis that the source of many
criminaloccurrences theprovocative or
active precipitation
aggressive behaviour of
theoffendedparty.
Anaffirmative or failure to do an act. Itis
Actusreus
an unlawful act.
Are personswho violated criminal law
because of the impulse of the moment, fit
acute criminal
of passion of anger or spell of extreme
jealousy?
Lawviolators who pursue
theregularcriminal path, wherein their
antisocial behaviouris at the highest adolescent-limited offender
during adolescence and diminishes as
they grow and age.
ABelgian mathematician whostarted
"cartographicalskull of criminology"
wherein statistical data and demographic
AdolpheQuetelet
information where used as basis to
determine the relation between social
phenomena and crime.
A condition whichis a direct result of total Anomie
21
disregard for norms and rules due to
rapid changes to moral values.
Theattempt to obtain character traits by
Anthropometry
measuring the human body.
Refers to the art of creating typologies,
classifications, predictions, and especially
applied criminology
profiles of criminaloffenders, their
personalities andbehaviour patterns.
Often associated withviolence and
aggression, itis a standpoint of crime
which suggests that individuals with high
arousal theory
stimulation level seek powerful
motivation and there environment to
maintain on optimal level of arousal.
Persons whose body type is skinny and
asthenic type
slender.
Reversion of man to
thephysicalcharacteristics of his apelike Atavism
ancestors.
Itrefers to those physical characteristics
as studied by Lombroso, which
distinguish born criminalsfrom other
members of the general population and
are throwbacks toprimitive people.
Mostindividuals evolve; some devolve,
atavistic anomalies
becoming primitive or "atavistic". This
evolutionary "throwbacks" are "born
criminals" the mostviolentcriminalsand
the society. Borncriminals could
beidentified through their atavistic
stigmata.
Persons whoare muscular and strong in
athletic type
physique.
Renowned as the "father of sociology", he
applied scientific methods and the study Augus Comte 1798-1857
of societies.
22
The route to a criminal career starts with
early intractable and stubborn behaviour
authority conflict pathway
andparticular defiance of parents, elders
and figures of authorities.
Aphysicalaggression that includes hitting,
slapping, punching, kicking or other battery
offensive contact with the victim.
Also known as hate crimes, itrefers to
violent acts directed against a
particularmember of a group due to the bias crimes
victim's ethnic, racial, religious or gender
characteristic.
A view thatcriminogenic traits may be
acquired through indirect heredity from a
degenerate familymember,
biological determinism
whosufferedfrom alcoholism, insanity
syphilis or through direct heredity from
relatives who are known criminals.
Adevelopment tocriminology that
spotlight on the relationship and
biosocial theory
interaction biological and social factors as
they relate tocrime.
Are those crimescommitted by ordinary
professional criminal to maintain blue collar crimes
theirlivelihood?
A shoplifter with the intention of reselling
booster
his stolen merchandise.
An old English rule, whichrefers to
restitution paid for killing someone in an bot
open fight, similar to blood-money.
This advancein criminology relies on cartographic school of criminology
statistics which provides important
demographic information on population
including density, gender, religious
affiliations and economic standing.
Developed in Europein the early 19th
23
century, this views the relationship
betweencrime and social phenomena as a
focal point and basis in probing
criminology.
SwiftnessBeccaria argues that in order to
beeffective deterrent, punishments must
possess celerity. Apunishment that occurs
quickly after the crime helps to form a
strong connectionbetween the
celerity
punishment and thecrime and the minds
of the general public, so that whenever a
citizen contemplates a criminal act, he
will instantly recall the punishment and
weigh it into his deliberation.
Introvertperson full of functional
complaints, allergies skin trouble, chronic
cerebrotonic
fatigue, sensitive skin and to noise; and
shrinks from crowd.
According to Beccaria, a punishment
must be to follow from thecrimein order
to be an effectivedeterrent. The greater
the extent to which a would-beoffender
certain
thinks that she can get away with a
crime, the less she will weigh
thepunishment into her deliberation of
whether or not to commit the crime.
Refers to urban sociologists view and
analysis of the relation between crime Chicago school
and environmental conditions.
The suggestion that low female crime and
delinquency rate areanindication of the
chivalryhypothesis
leniency and compassion with which law
enforcers treat female offenders.
Are persons whocommit crimes and acted
chronic criminal
in consonance with deliberate thinking?
Refers tocrimevictimswho maintain a chronic victimization
24
significantly higher probability of being
future targets of crimes due to their
personal characteristics data makes them
magnets for crimes. Also known as repeat
victims.
Awith collar crime which involves a
broker making repeated trades to churning
increase commission.
A theory which advocate the people
havefreewill to choose betweennormal
orcriminal conduct andbehaviour; the
crimes or committed for greed or classical criminology
personal need and satisfaction andcrime
can be controlled by fear of criminal
punishment and sanctions.
Refers to people from middle class
background having no or little
identification with criminal sub-culture closure
but cash bouncing checks for an
immediate financial resolution of a crisis.
Refers to the study of perception of
reality and of mental processes required cognitive theory
to understand the world we live in.
Refers to the study of subjects whose
behaviours followed and tracked over a cohort
period of time.
Refers to business theft that is part of
criminal laws who such decrees free commercial theft
enterprise cud not survive.
A single act constitutes to or graver of
less grave felonies of when an offense is
complex crimes
a necessary means for committing the
other offenses.
Refers to poverty areas or ghettos, which concentration effect
results fromflee of the working and
middle class families from the inner cities
25
in urban areas.
A type of swindling operations involving
get rich schemes, usually with illegal
overtones which preventvictim’sfrom confidence games
reporting said incident to law
enforcement authorities.
Inspired by the writings of KarlMarx, it
states that economic and political forces
or significant factors to commission of
crimes. Andthat crimeis a function of conflictcriminology
competition for limited resources and
power, class conflict would result to
crimes.
Philosophies such as Lombroso’s
orSheldon’sthat locate the origins of
constitutional theories
criminality in a person's biological
orphysiological make-up.
The act of voluntarily giving up
possession of property but retaining legal constructive possessions
ownership.
Refers to the extent towhich a person can
learn fromhis past mistake, as well to the
extent towhich he can evaluate
contact with reality
accurately the present situation
andforesee the consequence of his
present action in relation tohis future.
Crimesthat can becommittedin several
continuing crimes
places.
An expansion hypothesis that attributes
criminal and deviant behaviour to
imbalances between the amount and
control balance theory
degree of control that individual has over
others or influence of others over him or
her.
Prevalent lower class cultures, this is corner boy
theconditionwhere young men stay in
26
their birth neighbourhood, raise families
and unskilled lab or and adjusts to the
demands of their environment.
Withcollar crimes which involves
violations of law by a corporate entity
such as: hazardous waste dumping, corporate crime
unfair labourpractices, restraint of trade
and price fixing.
They refer to three groups namely:
guardians-who monitors d target,
crime discouragers
handlers-who monitors potential
offenders and managers-monitors places.
The analysis of criminalbehaviour
involving research on thedifferent types crime typology
ofcrimes andcriminals.
In thecriminologicalsense a personis
already a criminal the moment he
committed a crime. Legally, itrefers
Who’s a criminal? topeople who has violated the penal
law and have been found guilty of
the crime charged upon observance
of due process of law.
Refers to a personwho reconstructs a
crime scene or works with crime scene criminalist
evidence for forensic purposes.
Refers to the early factors todiscover a
biological origin of a crime by means of
crime anthropology
measurement of both physical and
mental processes.
Refers to a personwho repeatedly violates
the law and patterns his or her lifestyle criminal career
around criminality.
study of criminality in relation to
criminal demography
population
Study of criminalityin relation to special criminal ecology
27
distribution of men.
Study of relationshipbetween
criminalepidemiology
environment andcriminality.
Refers to the study on attempt
atscientific analysis of the causes of criminalethology
crime.
The use of prisons to commit crimes by
inducement of price, reward or criminal exploitation
consideration.
It involves measuring the trends and
frequency of criminal activities used as criminal statistics
basis forcriminalbehaviour.
Apersonal trait of an individual as
distinguished from a crime whichis an criminality
event.
Thestudy of human mind in relation
criminal psychiatry
tocriminality.
The study of mental processes of criminal
action; genesis, development, and
motivation of human behaviourthat criminal psycho dynamics
conflicts with accepted norms
andstandards of society.
The study of human behaviourin relation
criminal psychology
tocriminality.
Refers to the entire body of
knowledge regarding crime,
criminals and the effort of society to
prevent and repress them. The
Define criminology.
science of cyma rates, individual and
group reasons forcommittingcrime,
and community or societal reactions
to crime.
It explains human behaviour and the criminogenic process
experiences which help determine the
nature of the person's personality as a
28
reacting mechanism.
An argument among societies because of
contrary beliefs of substantial
differenceand their respective customs, cultural conflict
language, institution, habit, learning,
tradition, etc.
Part of social structure theory that views
strain and social disorganization which
cultural deviance theory
produces a lower-class culture that
conflicts with norms.
This theory states that victims of crimes
especially child abuse aremorelikely to cycle of violence
commit crimes themselves.
Forcible sex during a courting
date rape
relationship.
Refers it postmodernism whichis a study
thatgives attention to the use of language
deconstructionist analysis
by people in power to define crime based
on their values and biases.
Aperson who merely committed an act
Delinquent
not in conformity with norms of society.
An area of criminologythat scrutinize the
change in criminal career over thelife developmental theory
course.
Reveals thatcriminal acts are related to
an individual’s exposure to an excess
differential association theory
amount of anti-social values and
attitudes.
An attempt to explain criminality as a
differential reinforcement theory
type of learned behaviour.
The result which occurs when an effort to
control a specific type of crime reduces or diffusion of benefits
lessen the incidence of award.
Manifestation of men's struggle to doing gender
29
dominate women to prove their
manliness.
Personswhoare less clear evident having
dysplastic or mixed type
any predominant body type.
Explains thatcrimein one instance maybe
caused but one ormorefactors, whilein
eclectic theory
other instances it is caused by invader
set of factors.
A view which states that social forces
operating in urban areas create or ecological view
produces criminal interactions.
A violation of criminal law intended to
bring financial reward orgain to economic crime
theoffender.
Personswhose body
show’srelativelypredominance of skin and
its appendages which includes the
nervous system lean,fragile,delicate ectomorph
bones droopy shoulderssmall face,
sharp,nose,fine hair relativelysmall body
mass and relatively great surface area.
Refers towith collar crimes. elite deviance
A social positivist, whobelieved that the
inevitability of crimeis related with
thedifferences among members of
society. He noted that thecommission of Emile Durkheim
crime paves the way for social change
and calls the attention of society to social
ills.
Characterized by relatively great
development of digestive vice versa;
tendency to put on fat; soft roundness
Endomorphic
though various regions of the body; short
tapering limbs; small bones; smooth
velvety skin.
30
The use of illegal scheme by a business
enterprise crimes
to make profit in the market place.
A non-criminalpersonwhocommitscrime
episodic criminal
when under extreme emotional stress.
Crime whicharecommitted by a series of
episodically crimes
acts in a lengthy space of time.
Acriminal act that’s main purpose is to
expressive crimes
accomplish behaviour at hand.
Aggression intended to vent anger,
expressive violence
frustration of rage.
Thisrefers toall types of external forces
which may prevent an individual from external inhibition
committing a crime.
The end result of the crime is destructive,
extinctive crime
such as death ofproperty damage.
Killing or endangering an unborn fetus. Feticide
A term used to denote criminal
flash house
headquarters.
Act of buying and selling stolen goods. Fence
Violent crimedirected against people due
gay bashing
to their sexual orientation.
Is a residential renewal phase in which
obsolete housings either renovated or
Gentrification
replaced, such areas undergoing this
stage has shown increased crime rate.
Means little war. It started out of Spanish
rebellion against theFrench troops in
1808 after Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion
Guerrilla
of theIberian Peninsula. The term is used
interchangeably withinsurgence and
terrorism.
Refers to those acts of intimidation Hatecrimes
andviolence designed to frighten and
31
intimidate personswhoare undesirable by
reason of race,religion,sexual orientation
of ethnic origin.
Refers to professional shoplifters who
filch with the intention of selling the
Heels
merchandize at half the price of pawning
them.
Men whodistinctively have an uncaring
sexual attitude and believe violence hyper masculine
ismanly.
Refers to incomplete crimes. inchoate crimes
Serious and frequent crimes. index crimes
This discipline traces theactivities of
several generations of families believed
inheritance school
to have a large number of
criminalmembers.
Crimesthat iscommittedin the shortest
instant crimes
possibletime.
Aggression intended to improve the
financial or social standing of the instrumental violence
offender.
States that criminogenicprocess
influences evolve over time due to the
relations with institution and events interactional theory
which determines criminalbehaviour
patterns.
It refers toall types internal forces which
may prevent a person from committing a internal inhibition
crime.
Refers to the use of force, intimidation or
threat by peers, parent’s or other interpersonal coercion
significantpersons.
A philosophy of law, which states that just desert
people who violate theright of others
32
deserve to be punished, the severity of
which should becommensurate with the
seriousness of the crime.
A component of conflict theory which
asserts that social problem experienced
left realism
by the lower classes which must be
addressed by radical measures.
The view that suggests that lower crime
rates for women as a result of their "2nd liberal feminist theory
class" social and economic position.
Group of offenderswho’scriminal career
life course persisted
continues well into adulthood.
Acriminal league whichoriginates from
Sicily, Italy and has a wide control and
Mafia
influence in racketeeringin Northern
America.
Killing of a person who malice. Manslaughter
Forcible sex between couples whoare
marital rape
legally married to each other.
Refers to the target of a con man or
Mark
woman.
The act of killing a number of people in a
mass murder
single incident.
Persons with relatively predominant
muscles, bone and motor organs of the
Mesomorph
body; large wrist hand; if lean a hard
rectangular outline.
Violentcrimescommitted by concerned
individualswho view it as their duty to rid missionhates crimes
the world of specific evil.
Refers to the law of the early Israelites
contained in the old testament of mosaic code
theJudaeo-Christian bible.
Refers topersonswhoareconsidered as Motivatedoffenders
33
potential offendersin a given area. The
increase in there number has a direct
impact on thecrime rate.
Argues that crimeis not a product of a
single cause or factor but a combination multiple factor theory
of several factors.
Asserts that intelligenceis
geneticallydetermined and that low-
nature theory
intelligenceis associated
withcriminalbehaviour.
Theperson beforecommitting thecrimeis
likely to feel unhappy, unsatisfied,
need frustration
resentful or angry about something in
particular about life in general.
Persons whose criminal actions arise from
infrapsychic conflict between the social
neurotic criminal
andanti-social components of his
personality.
Criminals adhere to conventional values
after overcoming legal and moral values neutralization theory
into period of illegal behaviour.
Personswho commit crimes, whose
psychic organization resembles that of
Normalcriminal
normal individual except that he
identifyhimself withcriminal prototype.
Asserts that intelligenceis a product of
nurture theory
environment.
Sexually overt material which lacks
serious purpose and appeals only to the Obscenity
prurient interest of the viewer.
The view that criminals evaluate their
motives, needs and skills before deciding offender specific
tocommit theoffense.
Refers to lowest form of criminal career, Ordinarycriminal
requiring limitedskill and goes about
34
felonious ways who organization and
influence.
Illegal activities of people and association
whose sole purpose is profit through organized crime
illegitimate business enterprise.
Trail tocriminal career that begins with
minor aggression, physical fighting overt pathway
andeventually results to violent crimes.
Award term for index crimes, whichare
Part I crimes
categories of serious and frequent crimes.
A general term which denotes non-index
Part II crimes
crimes.
Commonly known as "Ulukans", they are
those whocommit crimes by inducement,
passive inadequate criminals
by reward or promise who considering its
consequences.
Asserts that certain social and personal
characteristics of persons make some passive precipitation
people attractivetargets of criminals.
Study of the external formation of the
skull that indicates the conformation and
phrenology or craniology
development of its various parts in
relation to thebehaviour of the criminal.
It dominated personswho increase
theirpersonal gratification who due regard pleasure principle
for the consequences.
Thieves who gain income from game of
animals either protected on belonging to Poachers
others.
In the study of criminology, what are the 1. Specifically, itrefers to the
two meaning of POSITIVISM? evolutionary assumptions and
scientific methods of the 'positivist
skull' of criminology.
2. Generally, it is used to
characterize all approaches
35
tocriminology that are primarily
concerned with questions of
ethology, and which believe that
social phenomena can and should be
explained in the manner of the
natural sciences.
Refers to the balance of gain and loss
that a person may experience if he potential satisfaction
commits a given crime.
Direct form of physical aggression. Predation
The abnormal acts which do not help
redefine the self or public image of the primary deviance
offender.
1. That theseverity of punishments
corresponds to the severity of the
harm done by the crime, so that
The classical school assumed that
more serious crimes receive more
punishments could only determineif they
serious punishments.
were proportional to their crime, where
2. That the type of punishment
proportionality means?
resembles the crime, so that othersin
society can best associate the
punishment with the crime.
Those persons whose physicalare stout
pyknic type
and with round bodies.
The ability to learn regarding the
consequences and results of one's action reality principle
through experience.
Acts outwardly intended to help others
but have their primary purpose is to reciprocal altruism
benefit the doer.
Itis the basis of the social contract reciprocal obligation
according to the classical skull. Because
people are hedonistic, driven by their
self-interest, yet rational, capable of
rationally considering what is really in
their self-interest, they will come to the
36
conclusion that lifeis more pleasurable
with a degree of security-attained by
everyone in society promising not to act
in ways that will harm others.
This ______ the promises that all rational
individuals would make in a society-can
reciprocal obligation
be considered a society's fundamental
"social contract".
A senior law enforcement figure, the
Reeve
forerunner of sheriff.
The state that exist when people with
wealth and poverty live in close proximity relative deprivation
with one another.
Active and dynamic person walks, talks,
and gestures assertively and behaves Romotonic
aggressively.
Killing of a number of people over a
serial murder
period of time.
Crimes whichare committed only during a
certain period of the year like violation of seasonal crime
tax law, violation of election law.
37

My Notes in Criminology: Christian Jimena Corpuz Cle October 2014 (Page 1 To 10 of 110 Pages)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

My Notes in Criminology: Christian Jimena Corpuz Cle October 2014 (Page 1 To 10 of 110 Pages)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHRISTIAN JIMENA CORPUZ MY NOTES IN CRIMINOLOGY1st Placer CLE OCTOBER 2014

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION (page 1 to 10 of 110 pages)

You might also like