Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education

Course Overview
This course pack is designed for you teacher candidates to have the basic knowledge on
the scope of special and inclusive education. This course aims to provide learners on
philosophical, legal, and theoretical foundation of special and inclusive education, diversity of
learners, learning characteristics of students with special and educational needs, accommodation,
placement, and assessment. Furthermore, this course deals on ways on how to make a school and
classroom inclusive.
With the advent of technology and educational advances, learners with educational needs
also grew in number. It is better to have a background on this area for these children need a
different approach in teaching. Knowing the basic of special and inclusive education brings the
teacher candidates to understand more and to be an advocate of the plight of special and
inclusive education in the Philippines.
To gain the competencies expected of you, this course pack is structurally designed in
this manner.
Module 1 Understanding Essential Concepts, Diversity, and Foundation
of Special, and Inclusive
Module 2 Components of Special and Inclusive Education
Module 3 Making Schools Inclusive
Module 4 Learners with Special Educational Needs

Upon completion of this course pack, you will be able to:

 Acquire deep understanding on the essential concepts of special and inclusive education
 Advocate and apply diversity in the classroom
 Discuss the philosophical, legal, and theoretical foundation of special and
inclusive education as well.
 Explain the roles of special needs education and inclusive setting
 Describe the nature and learning characteristics of students with special needs
 Demonstrate general instructional and classroom management strategies that work best
in inclusive classes
You are all encouraged to go through each module and actively participate in the activities
specially prepared for you before, during, and after each lesson. By doing so, this maximizes
your learningandenhanceyourskillsinthetargetareas.Youmayestablishconnectionswithyourpeers
and friends as you do your self-paced learning. Team learning and study buddies are highly
recommended. Also, you may contact your teacher for assistance in case you want more
clarifications.
We wish you all the best and good luck! Stay safe!
 Table of Contents
Module 1 Understanding Essential Concepts, Diversity, and Foundation of Special, and Inclusive
Education
Module Overview ……………………..………………………………… 1
Lesson 1 Essential Concepts of Special and Inclusive Education… 2
Lesson 2 Diversity in the Classroom…………………………….. 9
Lesson 3 Gender in the Classroom: Making Words Inclusive…… ……. 13
Lesson 4 Historical and Sociocultural Foundations ……………………………… 18
Lesson 5 Philosophical and Theoretical Foundations…………….. 24
Lesson 6 Legal Foundations……………………………………… 29
Module Assessment……………………………………………………. 37
Module Summary……………………………………………………….. 40
References……………………………………………………………… 41

Module 2 Components of Special and Inclusive Education

Module Overview……………………………………………………….. 44
Lesson 1 Child Find Law and Evaluation Process………………… 46
Lesson 2 Assessment in Special Education ………………………. 52
Lesson 3 Educational Placement of Students with Special Needs… 59
Lesson 4 Accommodation and Curricular Modification …………. 65
Lesson 5 Parental Involvement in Special Education…………….. 71
Module Assessment……………………………………………………. 78
Module Summary……………………………………………………….. 79
References……………………………………………………………… 82

Module 3 Making Schools Inclusive

Module Overview……………………………………………………….. 85
Lesson 1 Creating Inclusive Cultures……………………………… 86
Lesson 2 Producing Inclusive Policies …………………………….. 93
Lesson 3 Inclusive Practices in the Philippines……………………. 101
Lesson 4 Inclusive Teaching Models……………………………… 105
Lesson 5 Use and Application of Assistive Technology in Inclusive
Education………………………………………………… 108
Module Assessment……………………………………………………. 112
Module Summary……………………………………………………….. 114
References……………………………………………………………… 115

Module 4 Learners with Special Educational Needs

Module Overview……………………………………………………….. 118

Lesson1 Learners with Giftedness and Talent………………….… 120
 Lesson2 Learners with Difficulty Hearing………………………. 134
Lesson3 Learners with Difficulty Seeing…………………………. 141
Lesson4 Learners with Difficulty in Communicating ……………. 148
Lesson5 Learners with Difficulty in Walking and Moving………. 155
Module Assessment……………………………………………………. 165
Module Summary……………………………………………………….. 171
References……………………………………………………………… 172

FINALGREETINGS…………………………………………………………… 173