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DECEM22R 1973
GTi2 GT12 V "" 11\.,ML.L., LV, 、~ ～～
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
soil as a number of homogeneous layers (Banerjee and Davies, 1977).J However,
the methods may be used together to explore most facets of pile-soil interaction.
Any analytical solution for the deformatio
n of a pile
ni must be applicable over Finite Element Analysis.-The「inite element program u:>ed by the writers
a wide range of pile geometries and
soil stiffne;ses. It is helpful to was based on six-noded isoparametric triangular elements in ·an axisymmetric
dimensionless groups of the relevant i form
parameters, rather than mve i stigate how mode, which allow a linear variation of strain across each element.The method
the solution is affected bv Y vana
variati
tions of each individual pile or soil
parameter. of solution w a s G aussian elimin a tion of a banded m atrix, the bandwidth being
!he basic v a riables in the pile-soil system considered
to be relevant are as restricted to 100.The pile and surrounding soil were divided into 267 elements
follows: w = settlement of the pile;
P = a pplied lo ad ;: I / =
= length of the pile; (580 nodes) with a rigid horizontal boundary imposed at a d epth, h, where
「。 = radius of the pile sh aft, preferred
to the d1 ameter since other horizont
i
al h = 2.5 I(Fig. 1). This is close enough to a ffect the solution for a pile in
d istances will be me a sure
d fr�m the center line
of the pile; EP = Young's , a n el a stic half sp ace,but only by'less th a n %
5 (see Banerjee, 1970).The outer
m od ulus of the pile; G = she ar mod
ulus of the soil, preferred to Youn vertical bound a ry w as at a r a dius of 5 0 。r and c are li a d to be taken to ensure
mod ulus E,since the soil deforms prim g's
a rily in she ar a nd bec th at this did not affect the solution.For piles longer than I = 40 r。,it was
ause the shear
modulus is usu ally assumed to be un a
ffected bY whether the loa,1ing is d raine found th at the method of fi呻g these bound ary nodes affected the computed
or undrained; and v = Poisson's ra tio d
of the soil.Note that the Poisson's ra
tio
｀

of the pile is ignored,as it h a s an insig

nificant effect on the load-settlement

＇
behavior.In general, the settlement of

氱
the pile m a y be. written a s a func
of the other six v a riables: ti��

;2召竺
w =/1 (P,,
l r0 ,E,,G,v) .....................
I

.......(l)
'

u
The dimensions of t..:e various terms
－

�
1
·
-
J111

in this equ a tion a re:

上
_

L ~ MLT-2,L,L,ML -I T-2,ML 一 I ,.J

..... ......
凸
T-2,0....

...－ ;
，

Following the technique of dim ensio

..(2) 寸 ,.,
nal anal

lDl
ysis, there are two independe11t
_

dimensions, L and MT 一2,which will

lead t? five dimensionless groupi.Usin . . －
三
-一
g
ro to eliminate L and G to eliminate MT-2 ／
gives: mi'
一曰
U •·`-鹹­
乏＝＾ （嘉; ·钅， ·)..........................(3)
缸
;I

l. :
_

...t`.'－
n
!

－一
...
Since the settlement will be proportio ｀

主＝
nal to the load, the 2r;
groups containing
w and P may be combined to give�
1 'I'.

字＝＾（妒，v) •••.•••..••...•..•.....•
',＇
'

. .•.••(4)
,r,' 1·

in which >. -= E, / G.
,

_
＇

FIG.. 1.-Flnlt.· Ele!Mnt_ Grid for Pile AG.2.--Schem·t1oD..IIram ofM·th`'

� !�e su�ue�t analysis an attempt is made to邸d thet rm 。 An·lys1. of Integral-
，

of the function
'

、
in this equation.F9r CQnvenience,
th.. results will be expressed in terms of
the inverse· of the left-hand side,
,

_ i.
i e., P/(G r,。 w), which will be referred to
，

pile settlement.Fwng the nodes in the radial direction only prod�ced · a good
!1

as the �oad settlement ratio. The dime

� �i�� groups IIr and >. will be refem,d
'1_
·

to as the slenderness ratio and·the stifti compromise,but for very long piles (I > 80r .the ) mean of the settlements
'Dess ratio respectiveO - -. ·
ly. - for totally「ixed and for totally free vertical boundary nodes gave the best
� _
-
,

Nu E記AL TECHNIOUES
. . ., __ . agreement• with'equivalent analyses-by-integral equations. �eally. the outer

．
；

·- . v�rtical boun硒�uld be· at a radius· of at least twi

� the length of the
鬮

... -: .l ： ．．
. . ' "..,· .
Finite element and tegral equatio
�
and ch母the analytical model out
n anaiyses _ have been used to establish
j
: pi1o. `
, m 國｀｀ U tloa上竿－Theintegralequationmethodof pi1Oana1ysis 一
。
lined later-in this paper.- Both these methods. -_ f j-: based on the solution by Mindlin (1936)·fo r a· point loadacting in an elastic
ll l I

have their limitations; the t rmer

to the analysis of single piles,whil
is restri吡4inpracticalandeconomic
e the latter method,until recently,has bec:ll.
te血｀ ； j: : · half space-has, been described by Poulos· and Davis ·(1968),Butterfield and
Banerjee (1971) and, in more detail,in the thesis of Banerjee (1970).
•
restrict':d to a homogeneous
has no可 beeJl extended to deal
Iin
early elastic soil. [The e iintegral equation method ,'The method is shown in, Fig. 2.The surfaces or the pile shaft and base
」

with a "DOJJhomogeneous -soil,by treating die are divided into a number of segments; an underreamed pile may be represented