Hargeisa School of Health Department Of Nursing

Knowledge Practice Wards Malaria Preventive

Measures among Mothers at Sahardi MCH

Zamzam M. Habane

Research Proposal Submitted To Hargiesa School of Health Sciences Deparment Of Nursing For
Partial Fulfillment Of Diploma In Nursing

SUPERVISOR
Khaddar I.Mahamed
February 2021

CHAPTER ONE; INTRODUCTION

1. Background
Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites the parasites are spread to people through the
bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes called malaria Vector [who .2020]

 Malaria an infection disease caused protozoan parasite from the plasmodium family
that can transmitted by bite [www.medicineNet 2016] Malaria is a life-threatening
disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of
infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable.

 In 2019, there were an estimated 229 million cases of malaria worldwide.

 The estimated number of malaria deaths stood at 409 000 in 2019.

 Children aged under 5 years are the most vulnerable group affected by malaria; in
2019, they accounted for 67% (274 000) of all malaria deaths worldwide.

 The WHO African Region carries a disproportionately high share of the global malaria
burden. In 2019, the region was home to 94% of malaria cases and deaths .

 Total funding for malaria control and elimination reached an estimated US$ 3 billion in
2019. Contributions from governments of endemic countries amounted to US$ 900
million, representing 31% of total funding.

 types of malaria .plasmodium vivax plasmodium falciparum plasmodium ovale

plasmodium knowlesi
Caused by mosquitoes borne infectious that affect human and other animal
Characteris of malaria vomiting ,profuse sweeting, high fever abdominal piano anemia
diarrhea shacking chill coma convulsion blood stool global nearly half the world population
lives in area at risk of malaria transmission in 87 countries terriris in 2019 malaria clinical
episode and 409,000death in 2019 were in the African region

  History of malaria stretches from its prehistoric origin as a zoonotic disease in the

primates of Africa through to the 21st century. A widespread and potentially lethal
human infectious disease, at its peak malaria infested every continent,
except Antarctica.[1] Its prevention and treatment have been targeted in science and
medicine for hundreds of years. Since the discovery of the Plasmodium parasites which
cause it, research attention has focused on their biology, as well as that of
the mosquitoes which transmit the parasites.

 References to its unique, periodic fevers are found throughout recorded history
beginning in the first millennium BC in Greece and China.[2][3]

 For thousands of years, traditional herbal remedies have been used to treat malaria.

[4]
 The first effective treatment for malaria came from the bark of the cinchona tree,
which contains quinine. After the link to mosquitos and their parasites was identified in
the early twentieth century, mosquito control measures such as widespread use of the
insecticide DDT, swamp drainage, covering or oiling the surface of open water sources,
indoor residual spraying and use of insecticide treated nets was initiated. Prophylactic
quinine was prescribed in malaria endemic areas, and new therapeutic drugs, including
chloroquine and artemisinins, were used to resist the scourge. Today, artemisinin is
present in every remedy applied in treatment of malaria. After introducing artemisinin
as a cure administered together with other remedies, malaria mortality in Africa went
down by half, though it later partially rebounded