Form tolerances Drawing notations Run-out tolerances

Straightness Flatness Roundness Cylindricity Symbol for envelope requirement Radial run-out Axial run-out Total radial run-out Total axial run-out
Symbol for maximum material requirement
Symbol for projected tolerance zone t

t
t

øt
Symbol for minimum material requirement

tt
t

t
t
Tolerance Example: ø0.02 M
zone t
0,1 A-B

ø20 ±0.01
t
0.02 0,1 D A 0,1 A
0.05 0,05 0.1 A-B 0.1 A-B 0.1 A
ø0.03 0.05 0,1 A-B A
Drawing ø
0.1 D
notation Maximum material condition (simple case): D A B ø
the maximum material requirement (MMR) permits
utilization of unused dimension tolerances A B D A B
portions through the toleranced form or location A B
The extracted median line of the cylindrical The toleranced surface shall be contained The extracted circumferential line of any cross The extracted cylindrical surface shall be error. The extracted circumferential line in any The extracted line in any cylindrical section, The extracted surface shall be within two cylinders The extracted surface shall be between two par-
part of the bolt shall be contained within a between two parallel planes 0.05 mm apart. section shall be between two concentric circles between two coaxial cylinders that have Example: cylinder diameter dimension tolerance cross-section plane perpendicular to the common the axis of which coincides with datum axis D, lying coaxially to the common datum straight line allel planes perpendicular to datum axis A with a
cylindrical zone of diameter 0.03 mm. with a difference in radii of 0.02 mm. a radial distance of 0.05 mm. 20 ±0.01 and the axis straightness tolerance datum axis A-B shall be between two coplanar and shall be between two parallel planes perpendicular A-B whose radial distance is 0.1 mm. distance of 0.1 mm.
t= 0.02. If the actual diameter is 19.99 mm, to A-B concentric circles with a difference in radii to datum axis D with a distance of 0.1 mm.
the straightness of the axis can deviate up to of 0.1 mm.

Created in cooperation with Prof. Dr. habil. Eberhard Heldt, Chemnitz

0.04 mm.

Orientation tolerances Location tolerances Profile tolerances

Coaxiality (for axes) Profil tolerance of a line Profil tolerance of a surface

Parallelism of a line Parallelism of a surface Perpendicularity Angularity Position Symmetry
Concentricity not related to a datum not related to a datum
øt
øt øt øt
t

øtøt
60° øt øt
t

Tolerance
60°
øtø t

zone Datum plane A

t 50 50

t
Datum axis A Datum plane A Datum plane A Datum plane A Datum plane C Datum plane B

t/2
Median datum
t 50 50 plane A Søt
ø0,05 A B C
ø0,1 A 0,01 A

50 50 C C
ø0.1 A ø0.05AA B C 0.08
0.01 A ø0,05 A 0,1 A A A ø0,03 A 0.03
ø0.05 A A A 0.08 A A ø0.03 A 0,08
øø

A A 60°0.1 A
Drawing A A A
notation 60° 50
øø

A B
50

ø30
A B

The extracted median line shall be within a The extracted surface shall be between two planes The extracted median line shall be within a cylin- The extracted median line shall be between two The extracted median line shall be within a cylin- The extracted median surface shall be between Coaxiality: The extracted median line of the to- The extracted profile line of any section shall be The extracted surface shall be between two enve-

cylinder lying parallel to datum axis A with a
diameter of 0.1 mm.
Carl Zeiss endeavors to ensure that all information is correct. However, the accuracy of the information cannot be guaranteed and Carl Zeiss assumes no liability regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information.
parallel to datum plane A with a distance of der of diameter 0.05 mm lying perpendicular to parallel planes 0.1 mm apart that are inclined at a der of diameter 0.05 mm whose axis is located at two parallel planes 0.08 mm apart and symmetri- leranced cylinder shall be in a cylinder of diameter between two enveloping lines whose distance is loping surfaces whose distance is determined by
0.01 mm apart. datum plane A. theoretically exact angle of 60° to datum plane A. the theoretically exact position with respect to cal to the median datum plane A. 0.03mm, the axis of which is datum axis A. determined by circles with a diameter of 0.08 mm. spheres with a diameter of 0.03 mm.
datum planes B and C and perpendicular to datum Concentricity: The extracted center point of The midpoints are located on the theoretically The centres of the spheres are located on the
plane A. the toleranced circle shall be within a 0.03 mm exact geometrical form. surface having the theoretically exact geometrical
diameter circle whose center point is concentric to form.
datum point A in the same cross section.

Form and position toleration – ISO 1101 brief information General tolerances for form and location in accordance with ISO 2768-2 Reference circle ISO 12181-1, 2
1. General 2. Symbols Gaussian compensating Minimum circumscribed
A B C ISO 2768-2 is used to simplify drawings and Tolerance General tolerances for straightness and flatness in mm
Form tolerances limit the error of a single feature 2.1 Identification of the toleranced feature and Example of parallelism: If the order of two or more datums is important, defines general tolerances in three tolerance
classes Nominal size range in mm circle (LSCI) circle (MCCI)
from its geometrically ideal form. the datum. Valid for surface to surface these datum letters must be placed in different classes for form and location. More than More than More than More than More than Compensating circle calculated through the round- Calculated circle with smallest possible diameter,
up to 10 10-30 30-100 100-300 300-1000 1000-3000
Symbol for the geo- 0.1 A boxes where the order from left to right identifies ness profile. Circle in which the sum of squares of which includes the roundness profile from outside.
H 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Orientation, location and runout tolerances limit Subsidiary line metrical characteristic Tolerance value the hierarchy and must be adhered to during the The selection of a specific tolerance class will take the local roundness errors is at a minimum. Com-
K 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
the errors of the mutual location of two or more Leader
Valid for axis to surface measurement. (See ISO 5459 “Technical drawings; into consideration the respective accuracy common pared to other circles, the center of this circle has
features. One or more features can be specified as arrow 0.1 A ø0.1 A geometrical tolerancing; datums and datum-sys- in the workshop. L 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6
the advantage of having the most stable position. Minimum circumscribed
datum features. A datum feature should be suffi- tems for geometrical tolerances”) circle RONt (MCCI)
Tolerated Tolerance frame Axis
ciently form accurate for its intended use. There- workpiece
ø If narrower tolerances are required for form
RONt (LSCI)
fore, it may be necessary to specify form tolerances and location or larger tolerances are more Tolerance General tolerances for perpendicularity
Datum Datum A classes
element triangle Nominal size range in mm
for the datum features. Valid for midplane economical, these tolerances must be en-
to surface // 0.01/100 B
tered directly in accordance with ISO 1101. More than More than More than
0.1 A up to 100 100-300 300-1000 1000-3000
Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for the If the tolerance value applies to a limited length at
H 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
overall expansion of the toleranced feature ap- any location of the toleranced feature, the value of General tolerances for form and location apply
K 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
plies. If a limited area is indicated, e.g. 0.02/50 it The following possibilities of drawing notations this length is given after the tolerance value and for form elements in which the form and Reference circle
L 0.6 1.0 1.5 2.0
means that a tolerance of 0.02 mm applies for a have been defined depending on the requirement A separated from it through a slash. location tolerances are not entered individu-
length of 50 mm at any location along the toler- for datums, datum elements and toleranced ally. They can be applied for all properties of form Maximum inscribed circle
A Minimal radial distance
anced element. When tolerances are specified, features: elements with the exception of the cylinder form,

EN_60_050_005I Printed in Germany. CM-CZ-VIII/2016 To © Carl Zeiss

the following procedure is recommended: A single datum is identified with a capital letter. // Ø 0.01 B
profile of a line or surface, inclination, concentrici- Tolerance General tolerances for symmetry (MZCI) (MICI)
classes Nominal size range in mm
If the Ø symbol precedes the tolerance value, it ty, position and total runout. Two calculated concentric circles that encompass Calculated, largest encompassed circle that
Datum is Tolerated
1. Are the general tolerances for form and loca- the axis or element is means that the tolerance zone is a cylinder. More than More than More than the roundness profile with the least possible radial includes the roundness profile from inside.
mid-plane the axis or A-B up to 100 100-300 300-1000 1000-3000
tion errors (ISO 2768-2) sufficient depending mid-plane
Without the Ø symbol, the tolerance only applies distance.
H 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
on the production procedure? A joint datum created by two datums is identified in the direction of the leader arrow.
K 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0
If no: by two datum letters combined by a horizontal RONt (MICI)
50 L 0.6 1.0 1.5 2.0 Outer circle RONt (MZCI)
2. Specify the toleranced feature line.
Datum Tolerated
3. Specify the datum (if required) element is the element is Theoretical dimensions are tolerance-less dimen-
4. Specify the type of tolerance surface line or the surface sions that are required for specifying the geomet- Regardless of the size of the nominal size ranges, the following values are valid for the radial runout and
surface line or surface
5. Form tolerance for datum required? rically ideal (theoretically exact) location and form axial runout tolerances: H (0.1 mm), K (0.2 mm) and L (0.5 mm).
6. Form tolerance of the toleranced feature of the dimensioned element. They are identified
required? through a squared frame.
Inner circle Maximum inscribed circle

Form and position tolerances

Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik GmbH Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology, LLC ISO 1101
73446 Oberkochen/Germany 6250 Sycamore Lane North
Maple Grove, MN 55369/USA
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