Examination Guidelines Functions and Notions ror the directed situations you will need to know how to exptess basic functions and notions. te ollowing is a list of the functions and notions as outlined by the syllabus. This is just a xecap as they re explained throughout the text. 1. Farewells Adiés- good-bye Chao- bye Hasta luego- until then Hasta pronto- see you soon Despeditse- to say/wave goodbye Buen viaje / qué te / le vaya bien- have a pood/safe trip 2. Greetings and responses Hola- Hello :Cémo estas? — How are you? :Qué tal? - How’s everything? Estoy bien- I am good Encantado/a- Nice to meet you Mucho gusto- It’s a pleasure 2Qué hay de nuevo? - How are you? / what's new? ¢Cémo te va? - How are you? Aconsejar que + subj- to give advice Valer la pena- to be worth it Deber + inf, - to ought to do something 4. Agreeing bones Estar de acuerdo- to agree Me parece bien- it seems good to me Por supuesto- of course/ why not Perdéneme/ perdéname- excuse me Lo siento- I am sorry 6. Asking cost S Qué precio tiene. ..? — What price is it? ¢Cuanto vale? — How much is it worth? ¢Cuanto es? — How much is it? ¢Cuanto cuesta/n? — How much does it/ do they cost? eDénde esti/n...? where is /are? 2Cémo voy a. how do I go to...? 8. Asking for help si lbh A vad Necesito ayuda- I need help ¢Puedes ayudarme? — can you help me?OMASKAg Pehaistion TN ¢Se Puede? — can I ...? ¢ Puedo + inf? —can I...? Podet- to be able to Petmitame / Permiteme- allow me 10. Borrowing Pedir prestado- to borrow iG iTen Cuidado! - be carefull iTenga Cuidado! - be carefull iOjo! — pay attention! Buen trabajo- good work Bien hecho — good deed Muy bien- very good Felicitaciones- congratulations Felicidades- congratulations Enhorabuena — congratulations No te preocupes- do not worry (you) Todo estara bien- everything will be okay. Esta confirmado- to be confirmed Confirmar- to confirm Estar listo- to be ready Estar cancelado/a- to be cancelled Estar aplazado/a- to be postponed No estoy de acuerdo — I do not agree No me parece bien — to me, it’s not De ninguna manera ~ no way iEn absoluto! — absolutely not! 18. Expresing | Mi mis profundo sentimiento/ pésame-m deepest condolences / sympathy 00d A mi modo de ver — in my view En mi opinion — in my opinion ‘A mi parecer — it seems to me... 20. Expressing surprise {Qué sorpresal — what a surprise! i Qué alegrial — How happy! Estoy sorprendido/a- I am surprised ‘Tener miedo — to be afraid ‘Temo- I fear Estoy preocupado/a -to be worried Inquietarse- to worry 22, Forbidding Se prohibe + inf. - is prohibited No se puede + inf. — one/you cannot No me acuerdo- I do not remember No puedo recordar — I cannot remember Se me olvid6- I forgot Espero que + subj.- I hope that... Espero + inf. ~ I hope +verb iFeliz aniversario! — happy anniversary!cel Navidad ~ Merry Christmas ipeliz Cumpleafiosl — happy birthday! relices Pascuas! S happy Easter! liz aio nuevol — happy new year! Faiz dia de la madre! — happy mothers (ela di day! iFliz da del padre! — happy fathers’ dayt Jnsisto en que + subj.- 1 insist that .... Debes + inf.- you should... ‘Tienes que + inf - you have to... (ilmnodidas 2 fiste es / ésta es... — this is... Te /le/ les presento a... I present __ to you/her/him/them. aE 2 ting, a atta} Te / le / les invito a—I invite you/him/her / them to... {Quieres venit? — Do you want to come...? ¢Puedo ayudat?- can I help? iNecesita/as/an ayuda? — do you / you all need help? Ala orden —at your service Prestar- to lend Yo prefiero- I prefer Me gusta mas- I like mote... B2:Promising ii) i aidan ous sland Prometo- I promise Doy mi palabra — I give my word Voy a+ inf — I am going to.--- Yo recomiendo- I recommend Vale la pena- It’s worth the pain/effort Es mejor que + subj. — It is better that Yo sugiero que...- I suggest that... HEREing a ae No quiero - I do not want... No me gustaria — I would not like... Negativa a — refusal to Quisiera- I would like. . Me gustaria — I would like... Sugiero ~ I suggest ¢Por qué no...? — why not...? ‘Muchas gracias — thank you Mil gracias — thank you so much 38. Threatening Voy a + inf.—Tam going to... ‘Amenazar- to threaten jSalud! — best wishes! iVival — cheers! Warhaiag il hol veei be mea oneal Ojo! / (Cuidado! — be carefull No debes + inf you should not... Lo siento- | am sorryLo lamento- I regret it Estoy decepcionado/a — I am disappointed Lamentar- to regret Arrepentirse- to repent 42. Addressing someone Sefior- sir Sefiora~ madam/mrs. Sefiorita- miss Don-Lord Dojia- Lady Mi amigo/a- friend {Oigal — listen! jHola! -hello! Discilpamel - excuse me! {Cuidado! - look out! |Ojo! — look out! jOye! — aye! jMiral — look! 44. Expressing good wishes jBuena suerte! - Good luck! iQué le vaya bien! - hope all goes welll iQué te vaya bien! - hope all goes welll {Qué Dios le bendiga! - may God bless you! {Qué Dios te bendigal - may God bless you! {Tenga un buen dial - have a great day! {Te deseo todo lo mejor! - I wish you all the best! Bs claro que- it is clear that Es evidente que- it is obvious that Estar seguro/a- to be sure No hay duda de que- there is no doubt that No sé ~I do not know Negar- to deny No es la verdad- itis not true 46. Identifying someone ¢Qué es? - what is it? £Qué es esto /eso? what is this that? Cuil es? - which is it? {Qué hay? - what is / are there? eDénde esté? — where is it? Nombre- first name ‘Apellido- last name Diteccién- address Edad- age Fecha de nacimiento- date of birth Lugar de nacimiento — place of birth 48. How things aredone Lentamente- slowly Rapidamente- quickly con cuidado- with care con un gtan ritmo- with a great pace con ambicién- with ambition descuidadamente- carelessly sin ningiin esfuerzo- without any effort Quisiera- I would like 2Qué quisieras? - what would you like? Quiero- want 2Qué quieres? what do you want? ‘Tengo —I have éTienes? - do you have? 50. Expressing possibility Es posible que- it is posible that Es ptobable que- it is probable that Quizis acaso / tal vez- maybe Poder- to be able tosatoy seguro/a- Lam sure No reo €80- I do not think so por supuesto- of course pudar- to doubt Creo, pienso, opino- I think . ih mi parecer- it seems to me 52. Expressing approval and disapproval, happiness, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction Gustar- to like/please Estoy contento/a con- to be hay [Qué ascol how avefull ee Qué horrible! - how horrible! Odiar- to hate No querer- to not want ‘Tener interés en- to be interested in Interesarse en- to be interested in No me interesa- It does not interest me No tener ninguin interés- to not have any interest 54, Expressing want, wish and desire Querer- to want Quiero- I want Desear- to wish Deseo- I wish Ojali que + sub- I wish that ‘Tener ganas de + inf- to feel like doing Buscar- to search for 55: Repressing wilingness Querer + inf- to want to.- Tener la bondad de- to have the goodness t© do Estar dispuesto/a - to be willing t0--- 56. Tine aequence ana Pues/bien- well Entonces- then Luego- then Después de- after Asi que- therefore/so ‘Antes de- before naan Y /e—and De ahi- from there También- also Ademas- moreover Por eso- because of this MIR Ademas-moreover Es mas-moreover Por otra parte- otherwise Mas atin- additionally De nuevo- again so) Resutt/consequence De manera que- so that Como resultado-as a result Resulté en- resulted in Por consecuencia- consequently ‘A causa de- because of 60. Deduction/induction Asi- so Pues- well Por lo tanto-therefore En resumen-in summary Por fin-finally Finalmente- finally Pata concluir- to conclude En conclusién- in conclusion62. Explication Es decir- this is to say O sea- that is En otras palabras-in other words Quiero decie- I want to say/I mean Por ejemplo- for example Etcétera- etc. Para dar ejemplos- to give examples Segiin- according to Citar- to cite 64. Contrast and comparision ‘Al contrario- unlike En el otro lado de la moneda-on the other side (of things) Pero / sino- but Por otra parte- on the other hand En lugar de- in place of En vez de- instead of Sin embargo- however No obstante- nevertheless ‘Aunque- even though 66. Beginning and ending of a letter: pages 248-249 68. Describing weather: page 70 70. Locating: page 121 72. Obligation: page 39 74. Similarity: page 15Interrogative pronoun: : Is are pronouns th: interrogative pronoun; s that are used whi 8 ate easy to j en asking questions. In Spani moves Beenie ee =a ‘0 identify. In some cases, the pronouns must a = ie bi : Bee i ‘ee with number prepositions always come in f y) cuanto, cudnta, cuintos and cuantas. ie tea it th following is a list of ont of interrogative pronouns eg. “ See ene of the common interrogatn s €.g, ‘con quién’- with whom. The ve pronouns used in S| panish. + ¢Quién / quiénes? — who / whom? + ¢Con quién? - with whom? * ¢Qué? - what? © cA qué? - at what? « ¢De qué? - of/ from which/what? « ¢Para qué? - for what? ¢ gHasta qué? - up till / until what? « ¢Por qué? - why? « Donde? - where? © gDe dénde? - from where? + gAdénde? - to where? « —gCuando? - when? « eCual/ cuales? - which? «Como? - how? to / cuanta / cudntos / cuantas? - how much, how many? © eCuan nouns are sometimes confused in Spanish. The simple rule ated as ‘what’ and ‘cual’ can be translated as ‘an be closely trans y not always be accurate. Both can be translated as ‘what’ or Qué and cual — these two pro’ distinguish its use is that ‘qué’ ¢ ‘which,’ (Note: sometimes this rule m2 sobich? See some additional rules on the following page)