to International

Introduction to
Introduction International What
What do
do we
we mean
mean by
by “system”?
“system”?
Relations
Relations
Interactions
Interactions by
by various
various political
political
entities,
entities, but
but mostly
mostly states.
states.
The International System Today
Today the
the system
system is
is global,
global, but
but
& Sub-system it
it has
has not
not always
always been
been the case.
case.
CourseFacilitator:
Course Facilitator: Some
Some parts
parts of
of the
the world
world did
did not
not
Inayatullah Magsi
Inayatullah Magsi
Lecturer, SubjectsDepartment
AlliedSubjects
Lecturer,Allied Department know
know ofof other
other parts
parts due
due to
to lack
lack
Sindh MadressatulIslam
SindhMadressatul University,Karachi-Pakistan
IslamUniversity, Karachi-Pakistan
of
of interact.
interact.

What
What is
is the
the international
international system?
system? The
The International
International System
System
International-system
International-system analysis
analysis is
is International
International Politics
Politics Through
Through
concerned
concerned with
with the
the structure
structure of
of History
History to
to Modern
Modern Times.
Times.
the
the system,
system, thethe interactions
interactions
between
between itsits units,
units, and
and the
the
consequences
consequences // associations
associations for
for
peace
peace and
and war,
war, or
or cooperation
cooperation andand
conflict,
conflict, of
of the
the existence
existence ofof
different
different types
types of
of states.
states.

What
What is
is it?
it? Evolution
Evolution of
of the
the Modern
Modern
International
International System
System
Nations
Nations interacting
interacting with
with one
one The
The modern
modern international
international system
system
another
another on
on the
the global
global stage.
stage. is
is only
only aa few
few centuries
centuries old.
old. 44 key
key
Each
Each nation
nation is
is considered
considered toto be
be events/
events/ phases
phases define
define its’
its’
sovereign
sovereign but
but some
some are
are more
more evolution.
evolution.
powerful
powerful than
than others.
others. 
 The
The Peace
Peace of
of Westphalia
Westphalia (1648)
(1648)

 Shifting Balance of Power (1600
Shifting Balance of Power (1600 to
to 1800)
1800)
 Rise of Nationalism (1800 to 1945)
 Rise of Nationalism (1800 to 1945)

 New
New World
World Orders
Orders (1945
(1945 to
to Present)
Present)
 The
The Peace
Peace of
of Westphalia (Germany)(1648)
Westphalia (Germany) (1648) Shifting
Shifting Balance
Balance of
of Power
Power
(1600
(1600 to
to 1800)
1800)

 Treaty
Treaty that
that ended
ended the
the Thirty
Thirty Years’
Years’ Some
Some states
states in
in Europe
Europe throughout
throughout
War
War inin Central
Central Europe
Europe between
between this
this period
period became
became extremely
extremely
Catholics
Catholics and
and Protestants.
Protestants.
powerful
powerful and
and smaller
smaller states
states would
would

 It
It declared
declared that
that each
each nation
nation could
could do
do
ban
ban together
together toto balance
balance out
out the
the
as
as he
he or
or she
she wished
wished within
within their
their
borders. power.
power.
borders.

 Established
Established states
states speaking
speaking for
for 
 Example:
Example:
themselves
themselves and
and being
being independent
independent of
of 
 Napoleon
Napoleon and
and France
France vs.
vs. Great
Great
influences.
influences. Britain,
Britain, Austria,
Austria, and
and Russia.
Russia.

Rise
Rise of
of Nationalism
Nationalism (1800
(1800 to
to 1945)
1945) New
New World
World Orders
Orders (1945
(1945 to
to Present)
Present)


Nationalism
Nationalism or or the
the belief
belief on
on your
your Following
Following WW-II:
WW-II: OnlyOnly two
two great
great
nation
nation is
is superior
superior emerged
emerged as as aa powers
powers remained,
remained, the the United
United
popular
popular idea
idea in
in the
the 1800s.
1800s. States
States and
and the
the Soviet
Soviet Union.
Union.

It
It allowed
allowed new
new nations
nations such
such as
as Italy
Italy After
After the
the fall
fall of
of the
the Soviet
Soviet Union,
Union,
and
and Germany
Germany toto emerge
emerge andand also
also we
we are
are now
now in in aa new
new era
era with
with only
only
created
created aa sense
sense ofof competition
competition likelike the
the U.S.
U.S. as
as aa superpower
superpower andand
never
never before
before between
between nations.
nations. multiple
multiple emerging
emerging supersuper powers.
powers.

The
The Modern
Modern International
International Political
Political System
System International
International Agreements
Agreements and
and Laws
Laws
Today,
Today, in in addition
addition toto nations
nations 
 In
In order
order to
to make
make thethe modern
modern
interacting
interacting with
with one
one another,
another, international
international system
system organized,
organized, most
most
interest of
of the
the nations
nations utilize
utilize international
international
interest groups,
groups, corporations,
corporations,
agreements
agreements andand laws
laws toto provide
provide
institutions,
institutions, and and activists
activists (all
(all play
play aa stability.
stability.
role
role in
in international
international politics).
politics).

 These
These agreements
agreements and and laws
laws evolve
evolve
The
The result
result isis aa continuously
continuously over
over time
time and
and in
in some
some cases
cases require
require
shifting
shifting andand developing
developing political
political international
international courts
courts oror organizations
organizations
stage.
stage. like
like the
the UN
UN to
to enforce
enforce them.
them.
 International
International Treaties
Treaties Major
Major International
International Treaties
Treaties
Treaties
Treaties Date
Date Effect
Effect
Treaty of
Treaty ofVersailles
Versailles 1919
1919 Ended
EndedWW-I.
WW-I.
Treaties
Treaties play
play an
an important
important role
role United
UnitedNations
NationsCharter
Charter 1945
1945 Created
Createdthe
theUN
UN
in
in shaping
shaping and
and redefining
redefining the
the North
NorthAtlantic
AtlanticTreaty
Treaty 1949
1949 Created
CreatedNATO
NATOininorder
orderto
toprevent
prevent the
the spread
spread of
of
communism
international
international system.
system. In
In many
many Warsaw
WarsawPact
Pact 1955
1955
communism
Communist
Communistresponse
responsetotoNATO.
NATO.

cases,
cases, they
they reinforce
reinforce laws
laws and
and Nuclear
NuclearNon-
Non- 1968
1968 Made
Madeititillegal
illegalfor
fornew
newnations
nations to
to obtain
obtain nuclear
nuclear
Proliferation
ProliferationTreaty
Treaty weapons.
weapons.
protect
protect national
national and
and Camp
CampDavid
DavidAccords
Accords 1978
1978 Peace
PeaceTreaty
Treatybetween
betweenIsrael
Israel and
andEgypt.
Egypt.
international
international interests.
interests. Kyoto
KyotoProtocol
Protocol 2005
2005 Regulates
Regulatesemissions
emissionsto
toreduce
reduceglobal
globalwarming.
warming.

International
International Organizations
Organizations Major
Major International
International Treaties
Treaties
Name
Name Type/
Type/Year
Year Members
Members
Some
Some agreements
agreements and
and treaties
treaties set
set European
EuropeanUnion
Union IGO/1992
IGO/1992 25
25European
EuropeanNations.
Nations.
up
up organizations
organizations toto enforce
enforce its’
its’ International
InternationalOlympic
Olympic NGO/1894
NGO/1894 115
115Individuals,
Individuals,who
whorepresent
representthe
theIOC
IOCinin
Committee
Committee their
theirhome
homecountries.
countries.
rules
rules and
and regulations.
regulations. United
UnitedNations
Nations IGO/1945
IGO/1945 193
193nations.
nations.

Two
Two Types:
Types: World
WorldBank
Bank IGO/1945
IGO/1945 Offers
Offersloan
loanto
tomore
morethan
than100
100nations.
nations.


 International
International Government
Government Organizations
Organizations Salvation
SalvationArmy
Army NGO/1878
NGO/1878 Runs
Runsprogram
programin inmore
morethan
than100
100nations
nationsand
and
has
has3.5
3.5Million
MillionVolunteers
Volunteers
(IGO).
(IGO).
Organization
Organizationof
ofPetroleum
Petroleum IGO/1960
IGO/1960 11
11Nations.
Nations.

 Non-governmental
Non-governmental Organizations
Organizations (NGO).
(NGO). Exporting
ExportingCountries
Countries

Multinational
Multinational Corporations
Corporations

Businesses
Businesses that operate in more
than
than one
one country
country and
and add
add THANK
THANK YOU
YOU
another
another layer
layer that
that links
links nations
nations
together
together in
in the
the current
current
international
international system.