·

emergent properties.
which collection complex system
a
property
-

a or

has, butwhich the individual members do not have.

failure to realize thata is emergent

property
-
a or

supervenient, leads to the fallacy of division.

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” – Aristotle

For example
In multicellular organisms:
•Cells may be grouped together to form tissues
•Organs are then formed from the functional grouping of multiple
tissues
•Organs that interact may form organ systems capable of
carrying out specific body functions
•Organ systems collectively carry out the life functions of the
complete organism
Systems
· on a
Range of Scales

largest Universe
·

system
as a

Earth
system
as
·
a

A specific biome as (Rainforest)

system
a
·

A specific ecosystem as a
system (Amazon Rainforest)
·

· River bank within Amazon Rain forest

·
plant
on riverbank on Amazon
·
Leat of a plan on the riverbank
on the Amazon

small
⑤

Energy
•It is converted and stored as chemical potential energy
•Organic molecules pass through down through chains.
•Respiration releases this energy
•All energy enters an ecosystem and is ' lost again. .

· Matter
•Nitrogen is fixed by bacteria
•Plants assimilate the nitrogen.
•Herbivores consume these plants and the nitrogen
compounds pass through the food chain.
•Eventually the plants or animals will die and
decomposer break down organic ma@er and
return it to the soil.
 ·
System
is made individual
of
parts
up
-

the parts all work

-

together
Parts works to function
perform particular
-

ecological systems. environmental

systems
•planet natural systems and how humans and the
•Ecological systems are made up of
environment affect one another.
many parts and follow laws •The environment includes all living (bioDc)and non living
•The interrelationship between these things (abioDc) with which organisms interact.
parts produces the behavior as a
whole -
Example: Rainforest system
I

ex
ample
d
Be system
earth 1
as a
system -

societal System
•It has four major parts all connected and working in harmony to
make the planet function properly. •Value Systems (beliefs)
•These four parts are called Spheres
•Economic Systems
ATMOSPHERE: Air (made up of many gases) •Social Systems
HYDROSPHERE: Sea, lagoon, ice-sheets and ice-caps, rainwater,
etc
BIOSPHERE: Fish, trees, and other life forms
GEOSPHERE(LITHOSPHERE): Rocks, mountains, sediments on
the seafloor, etc

•These spheres are not static, which means they are constantly
changing
 learning systems.

Input ->
Storage ->
Output

students Better people

learning ->
->

in the
future