Sto.

Nino National High School

Centro Sur, Sto. Nino Cagayan

“Papyrus Plantae: Recycling Castoff Papers to Produce a

Developed Paper with Ripened Ovules Embedded to Support
Waste Management”

A Research Proposal

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the subject,

Research Capstone

by:
Cindy Luna Fernandez
Bless Joeshel Evangelista Asuncion
Marizz Culangan Dannug
Homer Chrxtyann Dannug Torres
Jojo Gaspar Pintucan
Danielle Anne Pagurayan Prudenciano

Adviser:
Mr. Ralph Rhandall Espejo

June, 2021
DEDICATION

Finishing a kind of work requires sacrifice. Sacrificing not to eat a meal, and taking a few
hours of sleep just to say the product produce nice, valuable and beneficial.
This product was made beneficial in making a community with a common and consistent
language with in which individual can state their needs and teachers can ensure that their session
and learning intervention are reasonably balanced and likely to provide something to everyone.
Indeed, this study was dedicated to our ever supportive family, friends, fellow students and
teachers, and of course to our beloved Father in heaven.

THE RESEARCHERS
 ACKNOWLEDEGMENT

This output of Capstone Research will not be possible and attainable without the several
accustomed time, effort and support from all the people behind the making of this product of
hard work and labor.
We would like to extend our sincere gratitude and thanks to the following benefactors who
had contributed to the success of this output research:
Firstly, to our parents, who gives money and sustaining the needs in conducting our research,
and also to our adviser, who allotted us all the time that we need in completing this action
research. Who taught us all his expertise in this endeavor and who gave us endless
considerations, Thanks Mr. Ralph Espejo. Your guidance, support and advice throughout the
research project, are greatly appreciated.
Secondly, to our friends and seniors who supported us and gave some tips and advices to
formulate our topic.
And lastly, to our classmates for their endless friendship and encouragement. In particular,
the patience and understanding shown by our mother, father, brother and sisters are greatly
appreciated. Thank you very much!

THE RESEARCHERS
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………….
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………
ACKNOWLEDEGEMT…………………………………………………………………….
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study…………………………………………………………………....
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………………
Scope and Delimitation of the Study…………………………………………………………
Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………………….
Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………………………
 CHAPTER I
Background of the Study

Unwanted waste is the stuff we don't need any more, it makes our environment
unhealthy. Researchers have been trying to solve this case and a lot of recycling ideas are
implemented. One common material that is being recycled by many people is paper. Paper is
primarily used for writing, artwork and packaging.
Most papers are made from forestry products, usually trees and 324 liters of water is
used to make 1 kilogram of paper. Paper is everywhere and most of them are ending up in our
landfills creating a staggering amount of paper waste. Paper accounts for 25% of landfill waste
and 33% of municipal waste.
Plants are the most important element on Earth and we need it for basic purposes such as
making medicines, soaps, and pieces of furniture. Human can also eat it for survival. Plants are
so valuable that without it, human extinction will be possible. We can never estimate the value of
plants as part of our daily living space.
In this research, we came up with the idea of adding an organic compound specifically
seeds on papers to prevent people from burning it because burning paper releases harmful gases
into the environment. Also any leftover ash can contain toxic residue. We assure that all of the
materials used for creating paper will not be going to waste with our implementation of recycling
castoff papers to produce a developed paper with ripened ovules. Seeds are embedded to papers
and instead of throwing or burning after using it, people can keep it to grow plants on their
backyard.
With all the paper we waste each year, we can build an environment full of beneficial
plants to sustain a better life on earth for human and animals to live in. A pretty big change will
take place to our surroundings as we introduce the complete transition of used paper to a plant.
We can now act as a conduit for the Earth’s healing energy.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to expand green spaces with the help of used paper by grinding them to a very
small pieces and manufacturing it as a new paper with ripened ovules, in order to manage the
rising problems of waste in the community.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following:

a. Is it possible to develop a used paper into a newly developed paper with ripened ovules? What
are the materials needed to make this manufactured product?
b. How does the Developed Paper with Ripened Ovules differ from a usual paper?
c. How will this Research assist the society?

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The study is entirely focused on lowering the wastes in the community and converting a toxic
waste into a functional product. Any additional description not included in this area of the study
will not be considered further.

Significance of the Study

We identified this study since we believe it will benefit the following:

To the Children, this study will be beneficial to their safety. A place where greenhouse gas
emissions is reduced is a safer place for them to live through. The amount of pollution in the air
from incineration is also reduced.

To the Parents, this study will be very beneficial to the parents, for they can save energy, water
and landfill space.

To the Community, this study will benefit the community because using a recycled paper to
make a new paper that can bear any fruit or vegetable reduces the number of trees that are cut
down, conserving natural resources.

To the Environmentalist, this study helps the environmentalists to express the claim of
environmentalism more, for they believe that “The goal of life is living in agreement with
nature”.
To the Future Researchers, this study will ensure that everyone has equal access to information
and expertise in the future for comparable research projects.

Hypothesis
Is the Developed Paper with Ripened Ovules better than the Usual Paper?
Alternative
It is hypothesized that this product has the efficacy to reduce wastes by converting a Developed
Paper with Ripened Ovuled into a plant than the Usual Paper.
Null
There will be no significant difference between the Developed Paper with Ripened Ovules and
the Usual Paper.
 CHAPTER II.

Review Related Literature

No matter where we live, there’s one home we all share: the Earth. Taking care of nature
has always been important, but over the past several years, reversing the effects of climate
change has become more urgent. More and more stories in the news and studies published by
environmental scientists are telling us to pay attention to our lifestyles and daily choices,
(Botanical paper works November 2020). We consume paper in so many ways, disposable
products and the papers used in our modular learning are sometimes thrown away in just a
second.
According to (Customearthpromos, 2013), the amount of paper filling up your local
landfill is staggering and increasing every day. Wasted paper and paper products make up over a
third of landfill waste these days. Individuals and companies are becoming more eco-friendly
with paper use by sending emails instead of paper memos, recycling paper products regularly,
printing on both sides of a sheet of paper and of course paying bills online rather than through
the mail. However, human consumption of trees and paper products is still incredibly high.
There’s obviously still a high demand and need for paper products.
Paper has an indisputable place in establishment of civilizations, saving information and
passing it to next generations. Paper in today’s world is used in everyday life for countless
purposes so its consumption has been increasing. In order to solve the problem of sourcing raw
material for paper production, it is better to develop technologies for sustainable recycling rather
than sustainable forestry. Thus, separating all the components of waste paper except for fibers
using the most economical and environmentally friendly methods and recycling are crucially
important (Karademir et al. 2012).
It is previously thought that consumption of paper would decrease as a result of
developing technology but in contrast developed technology has caused an increase in paper
consumption. As the demand for paper has increased, paper producers are now forced to use
waste paper as the raw material. Because there is a decrease in the quantity of natural resources
such as wood, hay and cotton (which are used as raw material for production of cellulose, and
cellulose is the raw material of paper), reforestation takes a long time and environmental
pollution and cost of energy has increased (Yakut, 2012).

Recent studies have demonstrated that paper and paper products may contain high
numbers of chemical substances (BMELV, 2012; Bradley et al., 2008), most of which can be
associated with the printing industry, where more than 7,000 chemicals may be used in food-
packaging ink production alone (EuPIA, 2012).
Nevertheless, very little quantitative information is available regarding the presence of
specific substances in paper products or waste paper potentially sent to recycling. Most existing
studies target a specific group of chemicals or paper products (Trier et al., 2011), and attempting
to identify every single chemical present in paper has proved to be challenging (BMELV, 2012).
Experiments have shown that seeds of a certain plant species that are tolerant to flooding
can remain viable after long submergence period (Lucas et al. 2012).
Over the past years, Science never failed to demonstrate how plants in our landfills can
be beneficial to the people and that well-maintained plants are an important asset to keep a
community healthy and safe. Planting and maintaining the green surrounding, as part of urban
planning and engineering solutions, can serve as a nature-based solution to many challenges that
communities may face: managing storm water, supporting mental and physical health for people,
reducing crime, addressing pollution, and providing wildlife habitat, it can also serve as a means
of survival.

The unending cycle of consumption and waste is rapidly increasing. The interest for
collecting waste paper and recycling them to be used in paper production has been increasing
globally. Negative change in ecologic balance in the last years due to deforestation in order to
produce paper has a major effect in this increased interest for recycling. Additionally, greater
consciousness level about environment and newly discovered scientific findings which suggests
that cellulose can be used many times to produce paper resulted in this higher level of interest in
recycling (Şahin, 2013).
And as the generation that can make peace with nature, let's get active, not anxious. Let's
be bold, not timid. As reported by, (Şengül, 2010), Recycling is to utilize used products in
production of new products.
Material is regained without saving the original condition of used product. With
recycling, used products gain economic value again. In addition to that, (National Recycling
Strategy Document and Action Plan, 2014-2020) said that, Recycling is a method which is
applied to wastes that cannot be used again or whose formation cannot be prevented.

It is not possible to completely satisfy the need for raw material solely by recycling. But
recycling plays an important role in green economy when the developing recycling market and
its economic and environmental effects are taken into account (National Recycling Strategy
Document and Action Plan, 2014-2020). Waste management strategies are used to prevent fast
depletion of natural resources, to avoid wastes being a threat to environment and human health
and to transform wastes into an economic input and value. These strategies provide a basis for
“sustainable development” approach which is adopted as primary political goal all over the
world.
When it is taken into consideration that natural resources and their capacity to renew
themselves are limited, in the frame of sustainable development approach, social, environmental
and economic effects of recycling under waste management come into prominence (Jessica
Turner-Scoff 2014-2020).
Environmentally, plant able goods can contribute to reforestation, which improves soil
and wetland healthier, water quality and animal habitat, (Custom Made, June 2015). As we seek
for a world with a better consumption patterns, lesser paper production and has the ability to
meet the necessity of all people while eliminating waste and over-consumption, we came up to
an idea of transforming the way people think about trash: Recycled seeded papers is a creative
way to reduce ways and to repurpose a used product.

This product is the most desirable option for reducing waste. It is an eco-friendly and a
planet save product at the same time. The little seeds embedded in the paper gives it a good
texture. It also comes with different, water-based and organic colors to give it an exceptional
quality.

We cannot turn back time. But we can grow plants, regrow our gardens and change our mindset.
Live greener, so our world would be better.
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers the methods used in the study. It includes Research Design, Research Locale
and Data Gathering Procedure

Research Design
To obtain the objectives of the study, the researchers will use experimental research and a
-qualitative approach, for this study establishes the cause-effect relationship among a group
variable that makes up this research

Research Locale
The manufacturing of paper with ripened ovules will be done at Asuncion’s residence, 113
Municipal Rd Centro Sur, Sto. Nino Cagayan and the effectiveness for its ability to bear plant
will be observed further.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will gather the information in Faire, Sto. Nino, Cagayan for the developed paper
by means of experimentation. The hazard effects of paper wastes will be assessed first to
formulate a solution in reducing toxic gases in our environment. Since plant is a crucial need of
our earth, a project of creating a paper with seed mixed together will be the researchers’ solution
to restore a green economy and also to solve the arising problem of paper wastes. The
researchers will create a sample to see whether the formulated product is effective for planting.
Before the documentation, the researchers will plant the papers on different styles or techniques
which includes: soaking the developed paper in water, burying it on the soil and watering it from
time to time, and throwing the paper just anywhere to see if the seed grows naturally without any
factors. Observations from each procedure will be obtained by the researchers.
Materials and substances used for the developed paper
Paper: commonly used for writing notes and for packaging. Specifically, we will use recycled
paper because our goal is to reduce paper wastes.
Water: a substance we will use to change the texture of paper into smooth and squishy material
by soaking the paper in the water for a day.
Blender: it is commonly seen in kitchens used to mix or chop ingredients into tiny bits.
Container: used to store paper pulps.
Paper Molder: it is a wooden material that is used to shape paper specifically, rectangle to form
a decent and usable paper.
Cloth: it is a woven or felted fabric made from wool. This is where we place the recycled paper
to be dried.
Sponge: used to absorb excess water from the paper
Hanging stand: this is where we place the paper for the finishing
Seeds: the main substance in our research project. A fertilized ripened ovule of a flowering plant
containing an embryo and capable normally of germination to produce a new plant.
The following seeds are:
Cabbage: is a plant that is commonly eaten as a vegetable. People also use the leaves for
medicine.
Mustard: a small round seeds used as a spice in many regional foods.

Procedures
First, the researchers will collect used papers from the school’s offices to reduce waste and tear it
into pieces then soak it on the water for a day to smoothen the texture. Second, we will put the
soaked paper in the blender and fill it halfway with tap water and mix it until it turns into a pulp.
Third, we will transfer the pulp into a container of water and stir until it becomes a glutinous-like
consistency. Fourth, get the molder or screen then dip it in the container and lift up straight. Next
is, drain as much water as possible from the molder. Once the water is removed, add the seeds
and mix it well with the paper. (The paper and seeds were hand-mixed in the molder or
screener). After the mixture, transfer it into a cloth. Then, use a sponge and press the paper
firmly to drain out excess water and lift up the screen. After which, transfer the cloth with the
papers in it in a hard surface to maintain the shape of the paper. Lastly, hang the paper to be
dried.