INTERNSHIP REPORT

ON

BUILDING STRUCTURE

BY

NAME: TEMESGEN TUMBULE

SECTION: G4-C-D

ID: RAMIT/1506/09

SUBMITTED TO THE

SCHOOL OF CEVIL ENGINERING

ARBA MINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY

FROM March - 16- 2020 TO 28-December – 28 -2020

PHONE : 0928712893 Email

 APPROVAL LETTER
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Temesgen Tumbule Ramit 1506/09 has successfully completed the project
work that was assigned to him as part of the internship program. I, Geremew Samuel, on behalf
of Unity Engineering PLC am recommending this work as the fulfilment for the requirement of
CENG 4212 industrial training. I wish him success.

Geremew Samuel

Phone 0920256264 Email

Signature

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praise be to God, the most gracious and the most merciful, for giving us the ability,
the health, and the strength to finish this work.

The success and final outcome of this internship report and project required a lot of guidance and
assistance from many people and we are extremely privileged to have got this all along the
completion of our report and project. All that we have done is only due to such supervision and
assistance and we would not forget to thank them.

I respect and thank Arba Minch University Construction Bureau, for providing us an opportunity
to do the project work in Unity Engineering Company and giving us all support and guidance
which made us to complete the report and project duly.

I would like to express my best regard to my Supervisor Ms. Geremew for providing such a nice
support and guidance, although she had busy schedule managing the corporate affairs.

I am thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and guidance from
all our Family Members, which helped us in successfully completing our project work.

Page ii
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

It is a clear fact that the knowledge of construction engineering cannot be upgrade without
practical experience in each field of the subject matter. This paper is a written report about the
internship program which was planned to help apparent students grasp practical know-how of
engineering project, their design, implantation, evaluation and management in general.

It reports about the back ground of our hosting company including its history and major
achievement, our overall internship experience, our task and the procedure we follow, the
practical and theoretical knowledge we gained the challenges we face while performing those
task.

The contents of the report have been divided in to four unit and the topic covered include the
company background, overall internship experience, and the benefit we gained from the
program, our conclusion and recommendations for the company and university. To help anyone
reading better understands the discussed topics and ideas.

Page iii
 LIST OF FIGURE

Fig 1 over all organization of the company………………………………………………..3

Fig 2 work flow chart ………………………………………………………………………..5

Fig 3 timber and metal formwork for beam, column, slab ……………………………………7

Fig 4 Batching size ………………………………………………..…………………………8

Fig 5 Concrete truck mixer and machine mixer……………………………………….9

Fig 6 Vibrator………………………………………………..………………………………10

Fig 7 Construction elevation column…………………………………………………11

Fig 8 Construction of reinforcement beam and formwork…………………..………12

Fig 9 Construction of slab.………………………………………………………….. 13

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 LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 Preparation of Takeoff Sheet for column formwork…………………………6

Table 2 Grade concrete our site mostly uses…………………………………………9

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 ABBREVIATION/ACRONYM

PLC------------------------ Private Limit Company

Ø---------------------------- Diameter of bar

GC------------------------ Gregorian Calendar

L*W*H-------------------- Length*Width*Height

OPC------------------------Ordinary Portland cement

C--------------------------- Cement

S--------------------------- Sand

A--------------------------- Aggregate

M--------------------------- Meter

Kg-------------------------- Kilogram

Map------------------------ Mega Pascal

N/mm----------------------- Newton/millimeter

C25 C-shows mix

25-shows compressive strength in Map (N/mm2) at 28 days

Page vi
 Table of Contents
Approval letter.................................................................................................................................i

Acknowledgement...........................................................................................................................ii

Executive summary........................................................................................................................iii

List of figure...................................................................................................................................iv

List of table…….……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….v

List of abbreviation/Acronemy……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….vi

UNIT ONE.......................................................................................................................................1

1. Back ground of the hosting company..........................................................................................1

1.1 Brief history...........................................................................................................................1

1.2 The Main Products and Services of the Company.................................................................1

1.3 The Main Customers or End Users of the Product................................................................2

1.4 The Overall Organization of the company.............................................................................2

1.4.1 Vision..........................................................................................................................2

1.4.2Mission........................................................................................................................3

1.4.3 The work flow of the company…………....…………………………………………3

UNIT TWO......................................................................................................................................5

2. Over all internship experience.....................................................................................................5

2.1 How I get into the company...................................................................................................5

2.2 Section of the Company I have been working in...................................................................5

2.2.1Office work and site supervision section...........................................................................5

2.3 The Work flow in the Section.................................................................................................5

2.4 Work pieces or tasks I have been executing...........................................................................6

2.5 Procedures used while performing tasks................................................................................6

2.5.1 Office work.......................................................................................................................6

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 2.5.1.1 Take of sheet and Reading drawing.........................................................................6

2.5.2 Site work...........................................................................................................................6

2.5.2.1 Formwork....................................................................................................................7

2.5.2.2 Concrete.......................................................................................................................7

2.5.2.3 Column......................................................................................................................10

2.5.2.4 Beam..........................................................................................................................11

2.5.2.5 Slab............................................................................................................................12

2.6 How good I were on performing my work task...................................................................14

2.7 Challenges that I have been facing while performing my work tasks.................................14

2.8 Measures to overcome the challenges..................................................................................14

UNIT THREE................................................................................................................................15

3. Overall benefits i gained from the internship............................................................................15

3.1 In terms of improving my practical skill..............................................................................15

3.2 In terms of upgrading my theoretical knowledge................................................................16

3.3 In terms of improving my interpersonal communication skills...........................................16

3.4 In terms of improving my team playing skill.......................................................................17

3.5 In terms of improving my leadership skills.........................................................................17

3.6 In terms of understanding about work ethic related issues..................................................18

3.7 In terms of entrepreneurship skills.......................................................................................18

UNIT FOUR..................................................................................................................................19

4. Conclusion and recommendation..............................................................................................19

4.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................19

4.2 Recommendation.................................................................................................................20

4.2.1. Recommendation for the company..............................................................................20

4.2.2. Recommendation for the University............................................................................20

Page viii
Referance.......................................................................................................................................21

Appendix........................................................................................................................................22

Page ix
 UNIT ONE
1. BACK GROUND OF THE HOSTING COMPANY

1.1 Brief history

Unity Engineering PLC is construction firm established a t 1986 E.C and has been
involved in the sector for twenty years. Throughout the 20 years of service in
construction, Unity Engineering has acquired a solid base of expertise and the trust and
satisfaction of its clients. The ministry of works and urban development has registered the
company as a category CLASS 1 B.C for construction firm as a testament of the
strength of its organization and its track record of accomplishments.

Unity Engineering daily works to assert that all the construction requirements of
customers are met with full satisfaction.

Unity Engineering believes that its strong background of reputable customer relationships
established over the past 20 years will serve as a basis to further improve its efforts
towards achieving its goal of providing better services to its customers in the future.

Unity Engineering employs more than 20 staff members ranging from engineers,
engineering aid and to support staff and coordinators that diligently carry out daily
company affairs both at the head office and at construction sites. The main branch of the
company is found in Adis Ababa and our site is a branch of Arbaminch. It has participated
in different construction projects especially in construction of Arba minch University.

1.2 The Main Products and Services of the Company

 The company has a solid reputation for completing projects on time, within budget
and with a high standard quality. It has attracted the attention of so many
governmental institutions and private companies for its high quality construction
work and performance both in road and building construction line. It is currently
executing major infrastructure projects at various parts of the country.
 The main products that the company provides for the surrounding peoples and
students are the following :- Library and laboratory buildings

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1.3 The Main Customers or End Users of the Product

 As we have observed during our four month practical period these end products of
the Companies are mainly used:-
 Arba Minch University Students
 The Company itself and

 The surrounding society or people

1.4 The Overall Organization of the company

The company uses the combined knowledge and experience of personnel, from directors
to skilled workers, for consistent quality project delivery. All the achievement of the
company has been made possible by the dedicated effort of executives and qualified
personnel.

The company fulfills class- 1 contractor rules. According to its organization, it enjoys a
remarkable reputation in construction industry. Having started with regular staff
members, it has now been able to create job opportunity for many permanent skilled
personals and daily labor.

The general manager has chief power among different employment. He controls all
activities in the company and makes decision in consultant with management and
technical advisors.

Now a day, the company is highly increasing its man power in all levels of responsibility
and professional practice pertaining to construction work. This has created a relaxed and
easy

1.4.1 Vision
Become competent and also an active and leading actor in Ethiopia in the field of
construction industries for the next 10 to15 years.

1.4.2 Mission
 Play a significant role in the construction sector.

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  Increase its organizational strength.
 Take an active part in maximum customer satisfaction.

1.4.3 The work flow of the company

Project Manager

 Quantity surveyor
Office engineer
 Data collector
Construction
administration
Site engineer Forman
Finance  Bar bender
administration Logistic head
 Mason
Material  Daily labor
Store keeper
administration main  Carpenter
division head
 Chiseler
General Service Driver
administration

Fig 1: Over all organization of the company

 Project manager: - is the person who manages and controls the overall activities in that
project.
 Site Engineer: - controls all the activities in the site and is responsible for the whole
construction work. He/she makes sure the works executed are according to the drawings.
 Forman: - acts as an agent’s right hand man for the execution of the work in the field, his
duty being to keep the work moving ahead daily as the agent has planned it.
 Bar bender (Ferayo):- is someone who work reinforcement bar require shape.
 Mason:-is someone who works masonry.

 Daily labor:-is unskilled labor works only support in force.

 Carpenter:-a person works formwork and related thing.
 Chiseler:-a person who works chisel work for electrical installation and related thing.

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 Office engineer:-monitor office activates and coordinate quantity server and prepare and
approve take off and payment certificate.
 Data collector: - collects daily work activities carried out on the site.
 Quantity surveyor:-a person who works quantity of the structure by using structural
drawing.
 Finance: - takes care of monthly salary of the employees, finance the purchasing of
requested materials.

 Store keeper: - store the sites equipment’s, construction materials and controls the number
of materials that came in and out of the store.
 Driver:-a person who works transport one place to another place any material and person.

UNIT TWO
2. OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

Page 4
 2.1 How I get into the company
The internship program is created by Arba minch University. Collage of engineering and
technology school of civil engineering. It has offered a chance to find an internship hosting
company.

2.2 Section of the Company we have been working in

2.2.1 Office work and site supervision section

1. Office work section: - this section comprises engineers and is responsible for all kinds
of office work. They make takeoff sheet and prepare drawings etc.

2. The site supervision section: - this section is composed of engineers and Forman that are
responsible for all kinds of activities that are accomplished on the site.

2.3 The Work flow in the Section

A good project work flow management will maximize, increase efficient resource utilization,
development of effective communication and mechanization for resolving conflicts among
participants and proper coordination and control the entire process.

Project manger

Construction administration Material administration Finance General Service

Office engineer Site engineer

Store keeper Driver

 Quantity surveyor Foreman  Bar bender Carpenter Daily labor

 Data collector  Mason Chisseler
Fig 2: work flow chart

2.4 Work pieces or tasks we have been executed

 Office work and Site work

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2.5 works and Procedures that used while performing our tasks

2.5.1 Office work

2.5.1.1 Take of sheet and Reading drawing

Takeoff sheet: - It is the process of determining of quantity of finished works and preparing a
detailed list of materials necessary for the works from detail construction drawing.

Table 1 Preparation of Takeoff Sheet for column formwork

Time Dimension(L*W*H) Squaring Description

Reading drawing: - It shows detail structural part or installation lines in paper. During our
internship program we learned reading structural drawings and improve our drawing reading
knowledge and understand structural parts, shape, be able to read axis………etc.

2.5.2 Site work

 Super structure work

Super structure: - is a structure which is found above the ground surface. Therefore we have
seen each procedure one by one discussed as follows: -

Form work, Concrete, Column. Beam, Slab

2.5.2.1 FORM WORK

Form work: - is a temporary structure that is required to support and form concrete member.

 Is the structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mold it to the
required dimension and support until it is able to support itself. The inside surface
should be painted black oil, to make smooth surface and to remove easily.

In our site we used two types of formworks (panels)

 Timber formwork and Steel formwork

A good formwork should satisfy the following requirements

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  Cheap, easily available and should be suitable for reuse several times.

 It should be as light as possible and economical

 The joints in the formwork should be tight against leakage of cement grout and all
joints should be stiff

 The material of formwork should not warp or get distorted when exposed to sun, rain or
water during concreting

Timber formwork Timber and Metal Metal formwork

For beam or fondo formwork for slab or soffit for column

Fig 3: Timber and metal formwork for beam, column, slab

2.5.2.2 CONCRETE

Concrete: - is one of vital construction materials. It is composed of cement, water, sand,

aggregate and admixture can be used if needed.

 It uses for the construction of column, beam, slab and other load bearing element. It
is one of most widely used construction material in the world.

Ingredient of concrete

1. Cement:-is a finely ground inorganic material which has cohesive & adhesive properties
which able to bind two or more materials together into a solid mass. My company widely
used OPC cement type. Because its permeability and heat of hydration is high.

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 2. Sand: - is used as a fill between aggregates and this avoids presence of voids between
aggregate materials.

3. Aggregates: - are the insert materials that are mixed in fixed proportion with binding
material to produce concrete. Our site used aggregate size is 2cm.
 These act as filler or volume increase component on the one hand and are responsible
for the strength, hardness and durability of the concrete on the other hand.
4. Water: - has a significant role in making of concrete in mixing and curing process for
hardening concrete. Has to be pure, potable for concrete.
5. Admixture: - Plastocrete-n is a concrete admixture in liquid form that act as both as a
highly efficient plasticizer and a waterproofing agent. It is improve workability without
increased water content and increased strength, durability.

Proportioning of concrete ingredients

 Batching: - is the process of measurement of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.
A) Batching of cement: - cement is always measured by weight, mostly it is used in
terms of bags. One bag of cement weights 50 kg.

B) Batching of aggregate:-The box should not be too shallow. It should be

completely filled with the aggregates .The most commonly used batching boxes size in our
site.

Fig4: Batching size

Table 2 Grade of concrete our site mostly use

Grade of concrete Mix ratio(C:S:A) Box size(L*W*D) cm Name

C25 1:2:3 50*40*18 Reinforced concrete

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 Reinforced concrete: - Concrete is very important for the structural constructions as in
beams, slab, column and other structure.
 In our site we mostly used C25 reinforced concrete and it resists 25Mpa.
 The concrete has high compressive strength and it is highly resistance to fire
 Concrete mix- the purpose of concrete mix is to provide uniform blended product of
cement, sand, aggregate and water. In our site concrete is been mixed by two means. By
Mechanical mixer machine and Truck mixer. Both are used to mix the concrete uniformly.
Truck mixer widely used for fill up reinforced concrete in beam and slab. Mechanical mixer
machine uses for filling up reinforced concrete in column and other structure.

Fig 5: Mechanical mixer machine and concrete truck mixer

 Conveying of concrete
The transportation of concrete in our site was most of the time done by using truck mixer and
concrete pump (shutter) for slab and beam casting, and man power were used while casting of a
concrete for the other structural part. Using concrete pump is the most effective way, because
concrete has to be transported from the place of mixing to the place of deposit as rapidly as
possible to avoid re-handling and flowing, as well as to prevent loss of ingredients,

 Placing concrete
After checking the reinforcements which are satisfactory for the engineer, the next step
will be casting of the concrete depending on the arranged time schedule. In our site
placing of concrete is taken place manually for slabs and beams, and for columns

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 Compaction of concrete
In our site after filling on reinforced concrete use vibrator for compaction of concrete and to
reduce the void into the concrete, given the strength to the structure.

Fig 6: vibrator
2.5.2.3 COLUMN

Column:-is a vertical structural member transmitting axial compression loads with or without
moment. It support mainly vertical load from beam and transmit to foundation.

Procedures to construct elevated columns:-

 Primarily critcheri is wood nail to specified dimension around overlap bar (40Ø in
mm) by considering the thickness of formwork and the dimension of column on slab.
And it uses for the horizontal alignment by using string (ligna) from the benchmark.
Then arrangement of reinforcement to the longitudinal tie with stirrup (staffa).Then tie
spacer to the longitudinal reinforcement for concrete cover and erect the formwork on
the four side of elevated column, after finishing the erecting the next step is tying the
kravat. kravat is wood fixed on formwork in four direction within 60cm spaces use to
give more support for the formwork. Using plumb bob (tumbi) we check vertical
alignment. And we also need some supports like stanga and gindila. stanga is inclined
metal or wood which helps to support column formwork, gindela is wood horizontally
placed nail to support stanga.

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 Stanga tumbi

Kravat

Critcheri
gindela

Fig 7: Construction elevation column

 After checking of the alignment we pour C25 concrete inside the formwork and cast it
by vibrator

 After 24 hour we remove the form work. Then proper curing the column and
covering with permeable coverage. The concrete surface shall be kept
continuously wet by application of water for at least 7 days to maintain
constant temperature and thus regulate its heat of hydration

2.5.2.4 BEAMS

Beam:-is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam
axis.

 Are used to support the weight of floor, ceiling, and roofs of a building and to
transfer the load to vertical load bearing element of the structure.
Procedure for Construction of beam
First prepare the formwork, in our site formwork for beams are prepared along with slabs, beams
formwork have two side parts and one bottom part (soffit) the two side part of the formwork is
called side sponda and the soffit part is called fondo which the carpenters call it. They also use
Cravat, it is a wood nailed with side sponda used to catch it strongly during the concrete fill and
vibrating process.

After the formwork is prepared top and bottom reinforcement bars are placed, and then the
stirrups are placed to resist shear and tie longitudinal bar following their spacing in the drawing
and when they finished working on the stirrups. Then through the bottom bars to keep the clear

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cover space place spacer with the provided thickness concrete cover and fill the reinforced
concrete then vibratory has used to compact the concrete and reduce the void through concrete.
After 7 day the two side formwork (side sponda) and bottom part of formwork (fondo) has
detached carefully. Finally use proper curing for 7day.

Side sponda

Fondo

Fig 8: Construction of reinforcement beam and formwork

2.5.2.5 SLAB
Slab: - is a structural element, made of concrete that used to create flat horizontal surface such
as floor or roof. It is generally several inches thick and supported by beam, column, walls and the
ground.

 Slab is a flat plate structure of building which provides a level surface capable of
supporting the occupants of a building, equipment, furniture’s and sometimes internal
partitions. It is important to carry live load and dead load for services in the function of
building. In our site we have used solid slab.

Solid slab: - is a type of slab which is made of concrete and steel bar. It’s directly supported on
the beam member and the load transferred from the slab to the beam then from the beam to the
column. For the thickness of slab is small while the depth of the beam is large, it required more
form work and has high strength and durability comparing with other slab types.

Procedure for Construction of slab

 First we construct Christy which can be wood or metal. It is prepared to desired height.

 Then soffit and side sponda were placed on the wood. Then the bar bender (ferayo) will form
the mesh of top and bottom reinforcing bars. Top bar is placed at the top and uses to resist
negative moment and bottom bar is placed at the bottom and used to resist positive moment.

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 christy

Fig 9: Construction of slab

 Then tie spacer in bottom bar and kebeleto in the middle to separate top and bottom bar

 After finishing bar arrangement the next step is filling C25 concrete then use vibrator to
compact the concrete, cast and avoid void.

 Then I check the time frame for the removal of soffit formwork after 7 days. Because of
using Plastocrete –N plasticizer and accelerator the time frame for the removal of the
formwork reduced from 21 days to 7 days.
 Proper curing 7days
2.6 How good I were on performing our work task
I can say that, I get knowledge in both office and sit work from our internship hosting company
within four months of our internship program. I was punctual for ourselves and our hosting
company as well for our work and polite way of treating everybody in our site. Try to relate
theoretical knowledge to practical, asking our supervisor and dab different equation and observe
our site and office work then memorized, writing on notebook. Then using this way our
performing work task is good.

2.7 Challenges that I have been facing while performing our work tasks
As we expected, we face so many problems in our staying in the internship program some of the
difficulties are

 Communication problem as it was our first work; this is because the kind languages they
use were different from the construction languages that we use in the class and totally
confusing and hard to memorize for few weeks.

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  Lack of office equipment like computers on the site. This has created a problem on
improving our computer skills.

 There was also lack of safety wears from company like, safety shoes, helmet, and glove
 There is also mud in the site due to rainfall and makes us don’t move easily from one place
to other place.
 Not taking of the course of quantity survey is the other main challenges that faced us in
this internship. Not having an idea about quantity survey challenged us on calculating and
preparing a takeoff sheet.

2.8 Measures to overcome the challenges

 I have managed to solve the problem in time by asking workers and try to memorize each
word. As time progress, we were able to understand and respond to the words.
 To solve this problem, I try to take some course individually with our own business and
practice every day.
 I wore safety shoes then move in site and move one place to another easily
 To protect ourselves I use our own shoes and other clothes by considering it as safety
material.

 I told to our supervisor to give us some clue regarding takeoff sheet preparation. After we
get an idea about these things, we tried to do our tasks on paper.

UNIT THREE
3. OVERALL BENEFITS I GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP
As a general during our staying in internship period I gained the following benefits. Working as
an intern in the company give me a clue how our future work looks like. In relating what I
studied in class or what I know in theory with the practical situations on field work.

Our internship period give us a chance for knowing and practicing all work ethics and
procedures. In the site supervision, works have good experience in terms of understanding how
the work is done and how workers are managed.

I learned some formalities of communication skills. I believe that I have developed a good
relationship with different workers of the site during our staying time. I have learned how to
solve different challenges which were faced on the site by developing skills of problem solve.

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3.1 In terms of improving my practical skill
 How to prepare and calculate takeoff sheet

 I develop an ability to do a given work practically without any challenges.

 I see construction of Structural parts like beams, columns and slab.

 How to mix, Casting and curing of concrete

 Improved my ability of understanding and reading working drawings

 How formworks are braced for columns (using plumb bob i.e. for vertical alignment)

 How column, slab & beam formwork prepared.

3.2 In terms of upgrading our theoretical knowledge

Internship program gives us the opportunity to apply our theoretical knowledge in real
world environments, in addition to the practical skill. Almost all the courses we took were
focused on theoretical part, thanks to this internship program; we are now able to upgrade our
theoretical knowledge by practice. Generally, our theoretical knowledge got strengthen more by
those practical techniques invested on site. It assists us in moving toward our career goals
by combining what we had learned from school, practical and supervised work experience.

The following are some points that improved our theoretical knowledge:
 How to produced & Cast concrete
 Can guess the diameter of rebar and how to calculate unit weight bar
 How to store construction materials
 The ability to read detail drawings

3.3 In terms of improving our interpersonal communication skills

Communication skill is a way of sharing an idea between two or more peoples through verbal
language, activity, participation and team work. Communication skill helps to be sociable with
the community. Interpersonal communication is very importance for a success full working
environment and flow in consulting firms.

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In the company, I was working in all staff member and gain a good knowledge by using good
communication skill. In the internship by giving equal respect for all trying to communicate
more of peoples in different working classes.

Some of the point that we gained from communication skill:-

 Asking open ended question and listening effectively

 Speaking, writing and listening

 Improving relationship with others

3.4 In terms of improving our team playing skill

Team playing skill is a skill of a person to work with other people co-operatively. The
internship practice has been done by exchanging ideas and sharing knowledge about
different work tasks. The most important point in team playing skill is just reaching an
agreement from different points. In our staying of apparent internship, we were tried to
listen carefully other ideas to have a common understanding on the task that is to be
accomplished and it improve our team playing.

Improving team playing skills

 To share ideas and experiences with each other

 To improved or upgrade communication skill

 To improve the ability to solve problems or challenge

 Increasing self confidence

 Effective completion of tasks

 Increasing productivity

 Improved the knowledge of asking and listening

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3.5 In terms of improving our leadership skills
Leadership is a critical management skill. It is a skill to guide, control and monitor peoples. It is
the ability to motivate a group of people toward a common goal. Problem in the company come
in different size, shape and color in different period of time. Thus, a person who is in the position
of leadership has a responsibility to find solution for the Problems and should be smart enough to
manage those individuals and workers under the control of the leader.

What I gain from the internship regarding improving leadership is that to inspire workers in to
higher level of team work. During our practical time we have been able to observe that
One should have great skills to be a leader. Among them:-
 Knowing yourself and seek improvement
 Be technically proficient
 Seek responsibility and take responsibility for any actions
 Know your community and look out for there well being
 Keep your worker informed
 Develop a sense of responsibility in workers
 Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished
 Use the full capacity of your organization
 Try to understand the problems of peoples in your surrounding and try to solve the
problems as much as possible.
 Make sound and timely decisions.
 To have the ability to listen to others.
 To be decisive.

3.6 In terms of understanding about work ethic related issues

Work ethics helps for all work to create a good work environment and the responsibility I had
during the internship time was respecting the rules and regulations of the company. In the
internship program I have understood on the work ethics that all workers should follow. The
following are some of the common professional ethical principles what I gained in the internship
period.
 Punctuality- means be on time in work
 Site disciplines-means don’t disturbing the work place and worker, do carefully any
activity

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  Responsibility-means I have taken responsibility in job
 Tolerance with workers around.
 Keeping rules and regulation of the company properly.
 Respecting works around us.

3.7 In terms of entrepreneurship skills

 Participating in an internship allows us to gain a better perspective of post-

graduation employment by applying the principles and theories we have developed in
the classroom.

 While participating in this internship we realize that creativity and problem solving is
one of the starting points of entrepreneurs.

UNIT FOUR
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 CONCLUSION
The main objective of the internship program is to enable the intern to experience the practical
activities carried out on site and correlate it with the theoretical back ground gained through
learning. Internship program was proved to be a bridge between the student life and professional
life and to introduce students with working condition and mostly it helps students to grasp
knowledge from practicing the theory which they have been learning in the class. I have been
working in our host company called unity engineering plc. This program gave us good practical
skills and made our familiar to the outside real construction world. Most of the theoretical things
we have been learned got illustrated here in this program, which develops more my confidence in
the theoretical knowledge.
I have been undertaking the various types of orientation programs, tasks and trainings during
this program on the site and the office enhanced our knowledge in building construction. I was
very glad to see that what I have learnt in the university can be repeated in the working world. I
was able to apply our theoretical knowledge of Reinforced Concrete and Construction material
works in the real life situation and there was a gap between the things which I know in the class
with the outside environment and this gap is now narrowed.

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In the above works I have seen the following activities in those practice months. These activities
helped us to become equipped with much knowledge in the real work of civil engineering. I got
practical work experiences and benefits at unity engineering plc. Some of them are;
 It helped us to improve our theoretical and practical knowledge and build our
confidence
 Communication skills
 Team playing skills and seeking for help in case of difficulties without any shame
 Work flow
 Assist us in developing greater understanding of our own strength and weakness
 Helps us to know how to execute the different items of work within one building
 Preparation of takeoffs
 Formwork
 Concrete work
 Some office activities such as takeoff calculations
 Leadership skill
 Work ethics
Finally, we can conclude that the internship time was totally so nice and I have completed the
program efficiently.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION
During in university and hosting company are providing good opportunities for the students in
this internship program. But both sides there are problem. So I would like to recommend both of
them to do better.

4.2.1. Recommendation for the company

I would like to recommend for our hosting company who called unity engineering plc are
the followings for its greatest achievements.
 They should fulfill the required office facilities like computer
 It is observed at site that steel reinforcement isn’t stored in clean condition. It should be
reasonably from loose rust and other impurities.
 I recommend the company to facilitate those safety materials like helmet, shoes and
close.

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  Most of the temporary rooms in office are not convenient, and have no enough chairs.
This will decrease the interest of the team to enter in the room and perform their work
properly. Therefore the temporary rooms should be convenient.

4.2.2. Recommendation for the University

Universities are providing good opportunities for students in this internship program. But I
would like to recommend the following points. The teaching and learning process should be
practical other than theoretical to make students full knowledge and confidential.
 It is better to give the courses like quantity survey before the internship program
 It should give enough orientation about internship program

REFERENCES

 Unity engineering PLC. “Company document” organization structure and brief history.

 Arba minch university reinforced concrete lecture hand outs

 Arba minch university construction of materials lecture hand out

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 APPENDIX

Some Site Languages

 Staffa (stirrup)-the main function is hold all the bars together and resist shear force.

 Panel (formwork) - is temporary structure used to contain poured concrete and to mold it
required dimension.

 Kebeleto-it is bended reinforcement used to separate bottom and top bar in slab.

 Aremata(concrete)-is vital construction material construct building.

 Keravat-it is yoke used to give more support for column formwork.

 Critcheri-it seems like yoke which is nailed to the slab during column aliment work.

 Stanga-inclined wood used to support vertical formworks.

 Gindela-is wood used to support stanga during column formwork prepared.

 Tumbi (Plumb bob)-is used to check vertical alignment.

 Ligna (string)-is used to check horizontal alignment.

 Ferro (reinforcement bars)-is used to construction any structure.

 Ferayo (bar bender)-is someone who work reinforcement bar require shape.

 Begga- is a grooved metal road used to twist bars in the bending plates

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 Berga-is one 12 meter length bar for each diameter size

 Soleta (slab)-is structural member used to create horizontal surface.

 Fondo-is bottom formwork of beam.

 Soffit-is bottom formwork of slab.

 Christy-is a vertical member which support of beam and slab form work on axis.

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