Psychotherapies

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Definition:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common type of talk therapy (psychotherapy)
with a mental health counselor (psychotherapist or therapist) in a structured way,
attending a limited number of sessions. CBT helps the patient become aware of
inaccurate or negative thinking so that the patient can view challenging situations
more clearly and respond to them in a more effective way.

Purpose:
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
Devises (plan) behavioral objectives with Involving the client in planning his
the client. therapy promotes identification of
behaviors for change and builds rapport
and complience of the patient.
Advocates for clients identification Promotes proper identification of
behaviors that are appropriate, treatment or activities suitable for the
constructive and amenable to change patient.
whatever the treatment setting .
Observe , documents and outline For legal purposes and monitoring or
behavior targeted for change patients behavior
Be calm when talking to patients anxiety is contagious and
counterproductive
Accept patients as they are but don’t everyone wants to be accepted, but also
accept all behaviors manage to integrate to the patient their
proper behavior towards situations.
Do not reinforce hallucinations or The nurse should simply state his or her
delusions perception of realty , voice doubt about
the patient’s perceptions and move on to
discuss real people or events
Orient patients to time, person, and orientation reinforces reality
place, if indicated
Do not touch patients without warning patients who are suspicious might
them perceive a touch as a threat and retaliate
Avoid whispering or laughing when suspicious patients will interpret these as
patients are unable to hear all of personal affront
conversation
Allow and encourage verbalization of patients are helped if they can say what
feelings they think without the nurse becoming
defensive

Reinforce positive behaviors and avoid appropriate reinforcement can increase

competitive activities with patients positive behaviors, competition is
threatening and can lead to decreased
self esteem
Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to help the patient learn how to better manage
stressful life situations. And identify problems more clearly to develop an awareness
of automatic thoughts, challenge underlying assumptions that may be wrong and
distinguish between facts and irrational thoughts
Family-Focused Therapy

Definition:
Family-focused therapy (FFT) was developed in the mid-1980s as an
intervention for patients with bipolar disorder (BD) who had just been in the
hospital for an episode of mania or depression and were going home to live
with parents, a spouse, or another set of familial caregivers.

Purpose:
Give the family better communication skills so they can minimize stress and
work together to solve problems for managing the patient with bipolar
disorder.
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
Discuss information about the therapy To educate the family and increase their
with the family knowledge how to handle the patient
with bipolar disorder
Encourage the family to monitor and This is to further encourage the client
regulate daily routine of the member with the support of the family to
with mental health issue continue therapy.
Identify problem and modify activities. To help both the patient and family to
cope with stress and problems.
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy

Definition:
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy(IPSRT) is a compelling adjunctive
therapy for people with mood disorders, and it emphasizes techniques to
improve medication adherence, manage stressful life events, and reduce
disruptions in social rhythms. IPSRT teaches patients skills that let them
protect themselves against the development of future episodes.

Purpose:
To stabilize daily routines as well as sleep and wake cycles to improve mood
and social functioning of the patient.
Nursing Responsibilities Rationale
Include the patient in planning for daily
To build rapport and increase patient
routine and sleep and wake cycles compliance to the therapy
Educate the patient about the condition
Increase the knowledge and
and the importance of therapy understanding of the patient
Analyze communication patterns Identify interpersonal problems and
come up with a solution to minimie
problems.
Encourage the patient to use skills For continuation routines or
learned in the therapy. maintenance of social rhythm.