RAJEEV GANDHI MEMORIAL HSS ,MOKERI ,KANNUR Dist.

9TH Std BIOLOGY_2020 Chapter _2

FOOD THROUH DIGESTIVE TRACT

1.What are the nutrients that we get from food?

Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat, Minerals, vitamins & water

2.Nutrients and their functions

NUTRIENT FUNCTION
Carbohydrate Produce energy
Protein For growth and development
Fat Produce energy
Minerals For physiological activities
Vitamins For physiological activities
Water Proper functioning of all body organs and life activities.

3. What is digestion?

Digestion is the process of conversion of complex food materials into simple absorbable forms.
4. Label the different parts of digestive system shown in the figure.

a)Mouth b)oesophagus/food pipe c)stomach d)small intestine e) large intestine f)anus

6. The process of digestion begins from ………

Mouth
7.What happens to food inside the mouth?

Teeth masticate the food, mixes with saliva

8. Four types of teeth and their functions

Incisor: helps to bite and cut the food

Canine: Helps to tear the food

Premolar: Helps to chew the food

Molar: Helps to chew the food

visit www.shenischool.in or whatsapp 7012498606 for more resources

9. Define enamel.

Enamel is the hardest part in our body. It is white in color. It is a dead tissue seen in the outer layer
of our teeth.
10.The living tissue which forms the tooth is…..

Dentine.
11.What is the soft connective tissue seen in the pulp cavity

Pulp (blood vessels, lymph ducts and nerve fibres are seen in it)
12.Which is a calcium-containing connective tissue that holds the tooth in the socket of the gum?

Cementum
13. Draw the cross section of a tooth and label the parts

14. What is the role of the tongue in digestion?

The tongue mixes food items with saliva and helps the teeth to masticate it. The taste buds in the
tongue also help us to sense taste.
15. Where is saliva produced?

Saliva is produced in the Salivary glands.

16. There are --------of salivary glands in the mouth.

3 pairs
17. What are the components of saliva?

Mucus and enzymes like salivary amylase and lysozyme

18. ….. makes the food slimy, so that it can be swallowed.

Mucus
19. ……. helps to destroy the germs that enter the body through food.

Lysozyme
20. …….. partially converts starch to maltose.

Salivary amylase

visit www.shenischool.in or whatsapp 7012498606 for more resources

21.Partially digested food enters into oesophagus through …..

Pharynx
22.Oesophagus and …. begins from pharynx.

Trachea
23. How does the food we swallowed enter the osophagus properly without entering the trachea? Explain?

The Tongue compresses the food into balls with the help of the palate. That time uvula closes the
nasal cavity that opens to the pharynx and the trachea tilts up and it is closed by the epiglottis.
24. What is the role of peristalsis in the process of digestion?

Peristalsis is the wave-like movement of the oesophagus, stomach, and intestines.

Peristalsis in the stomach, converts foods into a paste like form.
25.What are the changes that happen to food while it is in the stomach?

Peristalsis in the stomach converts food into a paste-like form. Special kind of circular muscles
present in the posterior part of stomach retains food for a specific period. Different components in the
gastric juice, secreted by the glands in the stomach wall also play a very important role in the process
of digestion.
26.What are the components in gastric juice .Write functions of each

 Pepsin enzyme: converts proteins to peptones partially

 Gastric lipase enzyme: digests fat partially
 Hydrochloric acid: destroys germs in the food.Regulate pH suitable for the digestion in stomach
 Mucus: Protec ts stomach wall from actions of digestive juice
27. Human intestine is about…………..metres long

5 to 6 m
28.The completion of digestion and the beginning of nutrients takes place in…………

Small intestine
29.Which is the initial part of small intestine?

Duodenum
30.The digestive juice secreted by liver?

Bile
31.Role of bile in digestion?

Enzymes are absent in bile. It helps in digestion by breaking down the fat into smaller particles
and making the food alkaline.
32 .The bile is stored in………..

Gall bladder
33. …………… secretes pancreatic juice

visit www.shenischool.in or whatsapp 7012498606 for more resources

 Pancreas
34. Complete the word relation.
Liver : ……… , Pancreas : Pancreatic juice

Bile
35.The role of pancreas in the process of digestion?
NUTRIENTS ENZYMES IN PANCREATIC JUICE PRODUCTS
starch Pancreatic amylase maltose
protein trypsin peptide
Fat pancreatic lipase fatty acid and
glycerol
36.The digestive juice produced by the glands in small intestine

Intestinal juice
37. Write a note on digestion in small intestine.

Different enzyme present in the intestinal juice convert maltose, lactose and sugar into
simpler forms like glucose ,fructose and galactose.Some enzymes convert peptide to amino acid.
38.The carbohydrate in milk is …..

Lactose
39. Which are the end products formed after digestion?

NUTRIENTS SUBJECTED TO DIGESTION END PRODUCTS

Carbohydrate glucose ,fructose and galactose

Protein Amino acid

Fat fatty acid and glycerol

40.Which are the nutrient that do not undergo digestion?

Water , Minerals ,Vitamins

41. What are Villi? What is the function of villi?

Villi are small finger-like projections seen in the walls of the intestine. Villi increase the area of
absorption of nutrients to a great extent within the small intestine. They also contain blood capillaries
& lacteals, the lymph capillaries. Absorption of nutrients & 90% of water absorption take place in the
villi.

visit www.shenischool.in or whatsapp 7012498606 for more resources

42. Villi are covered with ……..

Single-layer of cells
43.Simple nutrients which are absorbed by blood capillaries in villus?
glucose ,fructose , galactose and amino acid
44. Simple nutrients which are absorbed by lacteals in villus?

Fatty acid and glycerol

45.Which are the processes by which absorption of simple nutrients from the small intestine takes place?

Simple diffusion ,Facilitated diffusion ,Osmosis ,Active transport

46.Define diffusion.

Movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration is called

diffusion.It takes place along concentration gradient.The absorption of fatty acid and glycerol to
lacteal takes place by simple diffusion.
47.Define facilitated diffusion.

Diffusion of certain molecules with the help of protein molecules in the cell membrane is called
facilitated diffusion. The absorption of glucose ,fructose ,galactose and amino acid into blood
capillaries takes place by this process.
48.Define osmosis.

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. It takes place along concentration gradient.
Absorption of water molecule takes place by osmosis.
49.What is active transport?

Molecules are absorbed from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration by
utilizing energy and with the help of carrier protein .This process is called active transport. It takes
place against concentration gradient.
Eg:Absorption of glucose and salt.
50.What is the role of large intestine in nutrient absorption?

A major portion of the salts and water left after the absorption in the small intestine are absorbed in
the large intestine. Certain bacteria residing in the large intestine produce vitamin K. It is also
absorbed by large intestine.
51. The process of digestion requires about --------- hours.

4 to 5 hours
52.Digestion doesn’t take place in plants.Why?

Plants prepare glucose which itself is a simple nutrient. So it need not undergo further digestion.
53.What is the importance of roughage( edible fibre) for a healthy digestive system?

Though fibre content in cereals and vegetables do not undergo digestion, they help in the absorption
process , ease defecation and thus protect the health of the digestive system.

visit www.shenischool.in or whatsapp 7012498606 for more resources