49 FPWP) JT Ehfupfk :, Yq Ifg Gupl Irj Jpizf FSK Me Juq FKHDJ

,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; me;juq;fkhdJ
49 fpwp];jt ehfupfk;
5 4 2 4 5
4 3 5 2 5
2 3 3 1 2
4 5 2 3 4
4 1 4 3 1
5 3 3 1 2
2 2 ALL 5 4
5 5 5 4 3
3 5 2 5 1
2 3 1 3 5
49 - fpwp];jt ehfupfk; ( Gs;sp toq;Fk; jpl;lk; ) - f.ngh.j ( cau; ju )g; guPl;ir - 2019 - ,Wjpj; jpUj;jq;fs; cs;slf;fg;glTs;sd. 12
fpwp];jt ehfupfk;
gFjp II
mikg;Gf; fl;Liu I
01. fpwp];jt ehfupfj;jpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa a+j> fpNuf;f> cNuhika ehfupfq;fspd; fyhrhu
$WfisAk;> Fwpg;ghf fpNuf;f> ,yj;jPd; nkhopapd; rpwg;gpidAk; gad;ghLfisAk; gw;wpa khztu;fspd;
mwpitg; guPl;rpj;jy;.
i. Gwtpdj;jhu; Fwpj;J ew;nra;jpapy; fhzg;gLk; Fwpg;Gf;fs; ehd;F jUf.
- ,NaRtpd; gpwg;gpd;NghJ mtiuj; jhprpf;f te;j fPo;jpir Qhdpfs; ( kj;. 2: 1-12 )

- vUrNyk; Myaj;jpy; rpkpNahd; Foe;ijiaf; ifapNye;jp ciuj;j ‘,k;kPl;Ng gpw ,dj;jhUf;F
ntspg;ghL mUSk; xsp’ vDk; thu;j;ijfs; ( Y}f;. 2: 25-35 )
- ,NaRTf;Fk; rkhhpaHfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;Gfs;.
rkhhpag; ngz;Zlhd ciuahly; (Nahth. 4: 1-42).
gj;Jj; njhONehahsu;fs; Fzk;ngwy; (Y}f;. 17: 11-19)
ey;y rkhhpj;jd; ctik (Y}f;. 10: 25-37)
- nghy;yhj eLtDk;> ifk;ngz;Zk; ctik (Y}f;. 18: 1-8)
- fhdhdpag; ngz;zpd; ek;gpf;if (kj;. 15: 21-28)
- mur mYtyu; kfd; Fzkhjy; (Nahth. 4: 46-54).
- ew;nra;jpf; fl;lis - ‘cynfq;Fk; nrd;W gilg;gpw;nfy;yhk; ew;nra;jpapid mwptpAq;fs;’
(khw;. 16:15).
ii. rPlj;Jtk; gw;wpa fpwp];Jtpd; gbg;gpidfs; ehd;fpidj; jUf.

- r%fj;jpYs;s jiytu;fisg; Nghd;W rPlu;fs; gjtp> ngUikfisj; Njlf;$lhJ.
- ,NaRitg; gpd;gw;w tpUk;Gfpd;wtu;fs; jd;dyk; Jwe;J jkJ rpYitapidr; Rke;Jnfhz;L
mtiug; gpd;njhlu Ntz;Lk;.
- r%fj;jpy; Kjyplk; ngw tpUk;Gfpd;wtu;fs; r%fj;jpy; filadhf khw Ntz;Lk;.
- r%jhaj;jpy; rpwpatu;fshf vz;zg;gl;L> cjwpj; js;sg;gl;ltu;fSld; mtu;fs; xUtuhf khw
Ntz;Lk;.
- khdpl kfd; njhz;L Vw;gjw;F my;y njhz;L Mw;Wtjw;Fk; gyUila kPl;Gf;F <lhf jk;
capiu nfhLg;gjw;Fk; te;jhu; vd;gjid kdjpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
- ehk; fpwp];Jthy; njhpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;ltu;fs;. ehk; mtiuj; njhpatpy;iy khwhf mtNu
ek;ikj; Nju;e;J nfhz;lhu;.
iii. kiyg;nghoptpy; fhzg;gLk; ,iwaurpd; kjpg;gPLfs; ehd;iff; Fwpg;gpLf.
- Vioahpd; cs;sj;Njhuha;> fdpTilNahuha;> ePjpAk;> Neu;ikj;jd;ikAk; nfhz;Nlhuha;>
,uf;fKilNahuha;> J}a cs;sj;jtuha; tho;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
- ,iwaurpd; rhl;rpfs; kz;Zyfpy; cg;ghfTk;> xspahfTk; jpfo Ntz;Lk;.
- mLj;jtu;fSld; nfhs;Sk; cwtpy; rpdq;nfhs;Sjy;> tpgrhuk;> MizapLjy;> gopthq;Fjy;
Nghd;w nray;fisj; jtpu;j;J gifthplk; md;G nfhs;tjid tho;thff; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
- nrgtho;tpy; epiyj;jpUg;gtu;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
iv. ,iwaurpd; jd;ikia tpsf;Fk; ctikfs; ehd;ifj; jUf.

- fLF tpij (kj;. 13: 31-32)
- Gspg;G khT (kj;. 13: 33)
- Gijay; (kj;. 13: 44)
- Kj;J (kj;. 13: 45-46)
- tiy (kj;. 13: 47-48)
v. ew;nra;jpapd;gb ,NaRtpd; rpYit kuzk; gw;wpa tpguf;Fwpg;Gfs; ehd;F vOJf.

- ,NaR miwag;gl;l rpYitapy; ‘erNuj;J}u; ,NaR a+ju;fspd; murd;’ vDk; mwpf;ifia
njhq;f tpLk;gb gpyhj;Jthy; cj;jutplg;gl;lJ.
- mt;twpf;if vgpNuak;> fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd; nkhopfspy; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ.
- ,NaRitr; rpYitapy; miwe;j gpw;ghL mtUila NkYilfis ehd;F ghfq;fshfg; gphpj;J
giltPuu;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.
- ,NaR miwag;gl;l rpYitf;fUfpy; mthpd; jhAk;> rpy ngz;fSk;> mthpd; md;Gr; rPlUk;
epd;whu;fs;.
- ,NaR rpYitapy; ‘jhfkhapUf;fpwJ’ vd;W $wpaNghJ mtUf;F Gspj;j jpuhl;ir ,urj;ij
Fbf;ff; nfhLj;jhu;fs;.
- ,NaR mjidr; Ritj;j gpw;ghL ‘vy;yhk; epiwNtwpw;W’ vd;W jdJ gzpapid epiwT
nra;tjhff;$wp ‘jiyrha;j;J Mtpia xg;gilj;jhu;’
- ,we;j ,NaRtpd; cliy giltPud; xUtd; <l;bahy; Fj;jpdhd;. mg;NghJ ,uj;jKk;>
jz;zPUk; ntspte;jd. ,q;F ,uj;jk; tho;itAk;> jz;zPu; J}a;ikg;gLj;Jk; ,iwaU
isAk;> J}a Mtpapy; tho;tpidAk; Fwpf;fpd;wd.
- ,we;j ,NaRtpd; cliy mhpkj;jpaht+u; NahNrg;> epf;fNjKld; ,ize;J a+jr;rlq;F
Kiwg;gb mlf;fk; nra;jhu;.
02. kpyhd; rhrdj;jpd; cWg;Giufs;> kdpf;Nfag; Ngjfg; gbg;gpidfs;> kj;jpa fhyj;jpUr;rigapd; Md;kPf rPuopTf;F
VJthd fhuzpfs;> fhu;Nky; Jwtw rigiar; rPu;nra;Ak; Nehf;fpy; nraw;gl;l Gdpj rpYit Nahthdhy;
vOjg;gl;l E}y;fs;> [Nuhg;ghtpy; fpwp];jtk; gutpa topKiwfs; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; guPl;rpj;jy;.
i. ehd;F jg;giwahd NghjidfisAk; mtw;wpd; Kf;fpa gbg;gpidfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

- Mhpa Ngjfk;
thu;j;ij flTspYk; fPohdtu;
kfd; je;ijf;F rkkhdtu; my;yu;
xNu nghUshdtu; my;yu;
epj;jpakhdtu; my;yu;
- ne];Njhhpa Ngjfk;
,NaRtpy; ,uz;L Ms; jd;ikAz;L
kdpj Ms;> flTs; my;y
kdpj ,NaRitg; ngw;nwLj;j khpahit Njtjha; vdf;$w KbahJ
- ,Aj;jpf;Nfa Ngjfk;
,NaRtpy; xU Ms; jd;ik kl;LNk cz;L
,NaRtpy; xU Rghgk; kl;LNk cz;L
mtuJ kdpj Rghgk; ,iwRghgj;jpy; kiwe;Jtpl;lJ
- krpNjhdpa Ngjfk;
J}a Mtp flTs; my;y
,NaRTk; flTs; my;y
ii. rpYitg; Nghupd; rhjf> ghjf tpisTfs; ,uz;L tPjk; vOJf.
rhjfk;
- kf;fspilNa kPl;G vz;zk; Gj;Japh; ngw;wJ.
- ,];yhkpahpd; typik Fiwtile;jJ.
- Gdpj ehl;bw;fhd jpUg;gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s tha;g;Gf; fpl;baJ.
- jdpr;rz;ilfs; xope;jd.
- mbik tpahghuk; xope;jJ.
- fUiz tPuu; rig> rpiw kPl;G rig> gilj;Jwtpau; rigfs; cUthfpd.
- jpUr;rigapd; xw;Wikf;F cNuhikNa nka;ahd %yfhuzp vd;gJ cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
ghjfk;
- fPioehl;Lf; fpwp];jth;fs; Mjutw;wtu;fshapdu;.
- Gdpj g+kpf;F jpUg;gazk; nra;Ak; gazj;jilia ePf;Fk; vz;zk; epiwNtwtpy;iy.
- rpYitg;Nghhpy; <Lgl;l Nghu;tPuu;fspd; Nghf;Ffshy; jpUr;rigapd; - cj;jk jd;ikf;F
fsq;fk; Vw;gl;lJ.
- rpYitg; Nghhpw;F MjuT toq;fpa muru;fs; jpUr;rigia jkJ Mjpf;fj;jpy; itj;jpUf;f
Kw;gl;ldu;.
- jg;giwf; nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; flTs; kWg;Gf; nfhs;iffs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd.
iii. Muk;gfhy fpwp];jtr; rpe;jidahsu;fspd; kiwf; Nfhl;ghL> Md;kPf tsu;r;rpf;fhd

gq;fspg;Gf;fs; ehd;F jUf.
- Muk;gfhy fpwp];jt rpe;jidahsu;fs; fpwp];jtu;fSf;F vjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
fyhgidfs; kw;Wk; jg;giwahd Nghjidfspd;NghJ fpwp];jt tpRthrj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk;
nghUl;L gy E}y;fis vOjp tpRthrj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpdu;.
- cNuhikahpd; gy nja;tf; nfhs;iffSf;F vjpuhf gy E}y;fis vOjp cz;ik ,iwtid
njspTgLj;jp epd;wdu;.
- nghJr;rq;fq;fisf; $l;b jg;giwf;nfjpuhd rj;jpaq;fisj; njspTgLj;jp Md;kPfj;jpy;
Cf;fg;gLj;jpdu;.
- jpUtptpypaj;ij nkhopngau;g;G nra;J mjd; %yk; Md;kPf topfhl;ly;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldu;.
- mUl;rhjdq;fs; njhlu;ghf KOikahd tpsf;fkspj;J Md;kPf Cl;lk; ngw toptFj;jdu;.
- fyhgidfspd;NghJ fpwp];jtu;fis re;jpj;J mtu;fisj; jplg;gLj;jpaJld; gy fhg;Giu
E}y;fis vOjpdu;.
- jkJ capiu Jr;rnkd kjpj;J capu;j;jpahfk; nra;jdu;.
- mnyf;];rhe;jphpah> me;jpNahf;fpah Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; fy;tpf;$lq;fis mikj;J Md;kPfk;
rhu;e;j ,iwapay; Nfhl;ghLfis Kd;itj;jdu;.

iv. Gdpj mF];jPdhupd; tho;f;if> gbg;gpid gw;wpa tplaq;fs; ehd;F jUf.
Gdpj mF];jPdhhpd; tho;f;if

- tl Mgphpf;fhtpy; jfh];Nj vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; fp.gp. 354,y; gpwe;jhu;.
- Mgphpf;fhtpy; fhu;j;Nj[; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; rl;lf;fy;tp gapd;whu;.
- rprNuhtpd; n`hNud;rpA]; vd;w E}iyf;fw;W cz;ik Qhdj;ij mila Kaw;rpj;jhu;.
- kdpf;Nfa Ngjfj;jpd; fUj;Jf;fspy; ehl;lk; cilatuhapUe;J gpd;du; kdkhw;wk; ngw;whu;.
- kpyhd; efu Mauhd Gdpj mk;Nuhrpahu; %yk; jpUkiwapd; Nfhl;ghLfis mwpe;J kdkhw;wk;
ngw;whu;.
- gpNsw;Nwhtpd; nka;apay; rpe;jidfspd;gb gy E}y;fis vOjpdhu;.
- kdpf;Nfak;> ngyh[pak;> njhdhj;jpa jg;giwfSf;F vjpuhf gy tpRthr cz;ikfis
Kd;itj;jhu;.
- ,yj;jPd; jpUr;rigj; je;ijaUs; rpwg;Gg; ngw;wtu;.
- jpUr;rigapd; ,iwapay; kiwty;YdH vdTk; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhu;.
Gdpj mF];jPdhhpd; gbg;gpidfs;

- Gdpj mF];jPdhu; 113 E}y;fs;> 500 kiwAiufs;> 218 jpUKfq;fs; vOjpAs;shu;.
- ,tw;Ws; rpwg;Gg;ngw;w Mf;fq;fshf> tho;f;if mwpf;if/jd;dpiy Vw;G> ,iwtdpd; efuk;>
%nthU ,iwtd; Mfpatw;iwf; fUjyhk;.
- tho;f;if mwpf;if vDk; E}ypy; jkJ Kd;ida ghtepiyapypUe;J tpLjiy ngw;wikf;F
ed;wp njhptpf;fpd;whu;.
- ,iwtdpd; efuk; vDk; E}ypy; ,iwaUspd; jd;ikAk;> mjidj; Njb md;igAk;>
kd;dpg;igAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l r%fkhf thOk; jd;ikia fl;b vOg;g Ntz;bajd;
mtrpak; typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
- %nthU ,iwtd; vDk; E}ypy; jg;giwfSf;F vjpuhd tpsf;fKk;> ,iwtd;> ,iwj;jd;ik>
,iwty;yik> ,iw Ms;jd;ik vd;gitfs; gbg;gpidfshf mike;Js;sd.
v. mnyf;rhe;jpupa rpe;jidf;$lk; gw;wpa tplaq;fs; ehd;F jUf.

- 2Mk; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; mnyf;];rhe;jphpahtpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
- gd;iud];> mnyf;];rhe;jphpa fpsnkd;l;> xwp[d; MfpNahu; ,f;fy;tpf; $lj;jpd;
rpe;jidahsu;fshtu;.
- ,jd; Kjy; mjpgu; gd;iud]; Mthu;> vdpDk; jpUr;rigahy; epakdk; ngw;w Kjy; mjpgu;
xhp[pd; Mthu;.
- fpwp];jpaiy tpsf;f gpNsl;Nlhtpd; nka;apay; rpe;jidfisg; gad;gLj;jpdu;.
- jpUtptpypaj;ij tpsf;f cUtf Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
- ,iwntspg;ghl;L cz;ikfis cj;Njrf; nfhs;iffisg; gad;gLj;jp Ma;T nra;jdu;.
- fpwp];Jtpd; ,iwapay;G typAWj;jg;gl;L kdpj mtjhuk; vLj;j flTs; vd;gij
Kf;fpag;gLj;jpdu;.
- Mhpa Ngjfj;jpw;F vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld.
- Nahthd; ew;nra;jpia mjpfk; Nkw;Nfhs;fhl;b fpwp];Jtpd; ,iwapay;Gf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ>
03. ,yq;iff;F tUif je;j kiwg;gug;ghsu;fshd gpuhd;rp];fd; rig> ,NaR rigapdupd; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfspd;
epiwfisAk;> FiwfisAk;> xy;yhe;j fhyj;J mdhijg; ghlrhiyfspd; nraw;ghLfs;> Mq;fpNyau;
Ml;rpapd; NghJ ,yq;iff;F tUif je;j Mq;fpy ehl;L gprdupkhu; gw;wpa khztu;fspd; mwpit kjpg;gPly;.
i. ,e;jpahtpYs;s ,yj;jPd; jpUr;rigapd; gz;Gfs; ehd;F vOJf.

- ,yj;jPd; jpUr;rigapd; mikg;G Kiw gq;fhFk;. gq;fpd; jiytuhf> Md;kPf topfhl;bahf
gq;Fj;je;ij nraw;gLjy;.
- gy gq;Ffs; xd;wpize;J kiwkhtl;lk; cUthFjy;> mjd; jiytuhf Mau; nraw;gLjy;
- mj;jpUr;rigapd; topghl;L Kiw Nkiyj;Nja kuG Kiwfisr; rhu;e;jik.
- ,q;F topghLfSf;Fk;> gf;jp Kaw;rpfSf;Fk;> nfhz;lhl;lq;fSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jy;.
- jpUtopghl;by; jpUg;gyp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWjy;.
- Gdpju; tzf;fk;> jpUg;gazq;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWjy;.
- ,e;jpahtpd; midj;J ,lq;fspYk; ,yj;jPd; jpUr;rig fhzg;gLfpwJ.
ii. khu;Njhkh jpUr;rigapd; Njhw;wk; gw;wpa tplaq;fs; ehd;F jUf.

- khu;Njhkh jpUr;rigahdJ Gul;l];jhe;J rPu;jpUj;jj;ijj; njhlu;e;J ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jJ.
1806Mk; Mz;L gphpj;jhdpa MSeu; xu; mq;fpypf;fd; FUit ,e;jpahtpYs;s goik
tha;e;j Njhikahhpd; Myak; gw;wp Ma;T nra;a mDg;gpdhu;.
- Nfusk; te;j mq;fpypf;fd; kiwgug;ghsUf;Fk; Njhikahu; fpwp];jtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy;
ey;YwT Vw;gl;lJ.
- mq;fpypf;fd; kiwgug;ghsu; jq;fs; Gul;l];jhe;J Ngjfq;fisf; FUkl khztu;fs;Nky;
jpzpf;fj; njhlq;fNt kyq;fuh jpUr;rigapdu; mq;fpypf;fd; rigAldhd jq;fs; cwit
Kwpj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;.
- xU rpwpa gphptpdu; jq;fs; rigiatpl;L tpyfp mq;fpypf;fd; rigAld; Kw;W KOjhf
,ize;jdu;.
- ,d;ndhU nghpa gphptpdu; jq;fSf;F vj;jifa rPuikg;Gk; Ntz;lhnkdf;$wp kyq;fuh
itjPf jpUr;rigapy; njhlu;e;J ,Ue;jdu;.
- kw;nwhU gphptpdu; jq;fs; rigapd; topghl;bYk;> tho;f;ifapYk; nghpa rPuikg;Gf;fisg;
GFj;jj; njhlq;fpdu;.
- ,tHfs; 1836,y; kyq;fuh jpUr;rigapypUe;J ntspNawp ‘khH Njhkh jpUr;rig’ vd;w rig
Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.

iii. [g;ghdpy; jpUr;rig Muk;gj;jpd;NghJ ,NaR rigapdu; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;Gf;fs; ehd;F
vOJf.
- [g;ghdpy; Kjd;Kjypy; fpwp];jtj;ijg; Nghjpf;fte;j kiwgug;ghsHfs; ,NaR rigapdu;
Mthu; ( J}a gpuhd;rp]; rNthpahu;> nfh];Nk nj nuhnwh];> N[hd; Ngu;dhd;l]; ).
- mtu;fs; ehfrhf;fp efuj;ij jkJ gzpj;jsj;jpd; ikakhff; nfhz;L ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd
kf;fisj; jpUr;rigapy; ,izj;jdu;.
- 1587,y; fpwp];jtu;fSf;F vjpuhd Ntjfyhgidf; fhyj;jpy; ,r;rigapdu; Jd;gq;fs;
kj;jpapYk; gzpGhpe;jdu;.
- 1871,y; kjr;Rje;jpuk; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l gpd;du; fpwp];jt Myaq;fs; epWtg;gl;L
kiwgug;ghsu;fs; epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;.
- fy;tpj;Jiwf;F ngUk; gq;fhw;wpdu;.
cau;e;j fy;tpj; jpl;lj;ij jahhpj;J mwpKfk; nra;jdu;.
njhopy;El;gk; njhlu;ghd fy;tpapid mspj;jdu;.
,tu;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ghlrhiyfs; gpurpj;jpngw;w cau;jug; ghlrhiyfshf> cau;e;j
gy;fiyf;fofq;fshf tsu;e;jd.
iv. Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; tUiff;F Kd;dNu ,yq;ifapy; fpwp];jtk; fhzg;gl;ljw;fhd

ehd;F rhd;Wfis Kd;itf;Ff.
- ,t;t`}g; mGrhapg;> ngd;rkpd; ugha; Nghd;w ntspehl;L vOj;jhsu;fs; mDuhjGuf; fhyj;jpy;
,yq;ifapy; a+Njaf; fpwp];jtu;fs; ,Ue;jhu;fs; vd;gjw;F rhd;W gfu;fpd;wdu;.
- nfh];k]; ,d;bf;Nfh gpsh];ju; vOjpa ‘fpwp];jt rigfspd; tptuzk;’ vd;w E}ypy;
,yq;ifapy; ghurPff; fpwp];jtu;fs; ,Ue;jhu;fs; vd;gjw;fhd rhd;W fhzg;gLfpwJ.
- kfhtk;rk; vd;w E}ypy; rpq;fs muru;fspd; gilapy; ikfhu vd;w ,e;jpaf; fpwp];jt
gilj;jsgjp flikahw;wpa Fwpg;G cs;sJ.
- 1912,y; ,lk;ngw;w njhy;nghUs; mfo;thuha;r;rpapd;NghJ fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l mDuhjGuf;
fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;j fl;llr; rpijTfSk;> neh];Njhhpa rpYitAk;.
- 1972,y; Nguhrphpau; nrduj; guztpjhd vd;gthpd; Ma;tpd;gb fhrpag;gu;> nkhfy;yhd
vd;w muru;fspd; fhyj;jpy; fpwp];jt giltPuu;fs; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wdu; vdf;
$wg;gl;Ls;sik.
- fp.gp. 9Mk; E}w;whz;by; rpfphpah fhy murrigapy; ehd;F fpwp];jt mikr;ru;fs; ,Ue;jik
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sik.
- tTdpah njhy;nghUs; epiyaj;jpy; fy;ypdhy; Mf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; jpUKOf;Fg; ghj;jpuk;
cs;sik.
v. ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhf Mau; nghQ;rpd; Mw;wpa gzpfs; ehd;F jUf.
- Mah; ngw;wf;fpdpapd; kiwitj; njhlu;e;J aho;g;ghzj;jpd; Mauhf epakpf;fg;gl;l Mah;
nghQ;rpd; mtu;fs; Mah; nrNkhpahtpd; kprdhpf; FOtpy; mq;fj;jtuhf nraw;gl;ltu;.
- ghlrhiyfs;> mehij tpLjpfs;> RNjr Jwtw rigfis cUthf;Fjy;> Gjpa
kprdwpkhh;fSf;fhd jkpo; nkhopapidf; fw;gpj;jy;> jpUg;ghyj;Jt rigapd; ,af;Fduhf
nraw;gLjy;> tpRthrg; gug;Gjy; rigapd; ,af;FduhfTk;> fj;Njhypf;f jpUkzj;ijg;
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Mf;fq;fis tiujy; kw;Wk; fj;Njhypf;fhpd; chpik Nghd;w fl;Liufis
vOJjy; Nghd;w gzpfspy; Mau; nrNkhpahtpd; clDiog;ghsuhf ,Ue;J gzpahw;wpdhu;.
- 1868,y; Mauhfj; jpUepiyg;gLj;jg;gl;L fy;tp> mr;Rg;gzp> Myaq;fisf; fl;Ljy; Nghd;w
gzpfis Mw;wpdhu;.
- 1869,y; Kjyhk; tj;jpf;fhd; rq;fj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;lhu;.
- 1871,y; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; xU FUklj;ij cUthf;fpdhu;.
- 1876,y; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ‘ghJfhtyd;’ vd;w gj;jphpifia Muk;gpj;jhu;.
- 58 Rw;WepUgq;fis vOjpAs;shu;.
- nfhOk;gpNy Mauhf epakdk; ngw;Wg; gzpahw;wpdhu;.
- Gdpj Ngdhl; FUklj;ijAk;> Mrphpau; gapw;rpf; fyhrhiyiaAk; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;.
- kf;Nfhdhtpy; njhopy;gapw;rpg; ghlrhiyia cUthf;fpdhu;.
- ,yq;ifapy; fy;tpgw;wp Muha;e;J vOjpa fl;Liufspd; gadhf RNjr nkhopg; ghlrhiyfSk;>
mur ed;nfhil ngWk; kjg; ghlrhiyfSk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld.
fpwp];jt ehfupfk;
gFjp – II
04. Gdpj gTy; jk];F efUf;Fr; nry;Yk; topapy; ngw;w ,iwaUspd; mDgtk;> mjdbg;gilapy; ,iwaUs;
fpwp];Jtpd; jpahf kuzk;> capu;g;G vd;gtw;wpd; gadhf fpilj;j khngUk; nfhil vd;gJ gw;wpa Gdpj
gTypd; fUj;Jf;fs;> ,iwaUshy; epug;gg;gl;l fpwp];jtu;fs; cz;ikf;Fr; rhd;W gfu Ntz;Lk; vd;git
njhlu;ghd khztu;fspd; mwpitg; guPl;rpj;jy;.
i. J}a gTypd; jpUkly;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ,iwaUs; gw;wpa gbg;gpidfis cs;slf;fpa

RUf;fkhd fl;Liunahd;W vOJf.
- Gdpj gTy; ,iwaUis tpsf;f ‘fhhp];’ vd;Dk; fpNuf;fr; nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;whu;. ,J
‘,uf;fk;’ my;yJ ‘epiyahd md;G’ vdg; nghUs;gLk;.
- ,iwaUs; gw;wpa gbg;gpidfis Gdpj gTy; cNuhikau; kw;Wk; fyhj;jpaUf;F vOjpa
jpUkly;fspy; fhzyhk;.
- a+ju;fs; rl;lj;ij filg;gpbg;gjd; %yk; ,iwaUisg; ngwKbAnkd ek;gpapUe;jdu;.
- Mdhy; Gdpj gTy; rl;lj;jpdhYk; my;y> rl;lk; rhu;e;j nray;fisr; nra;tjhYk; my;y>
,NaRfpwp];Jtpy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tjd; %yNk ,iwaUisg; ngwKbAk; vd;fpwhu;.
- rl;lk; flTsplkpUe;J tUtJ. vdNt mJ ey;yJ> GdpjkhdJ. vdpDk; rl;lk;jhd; kdpjidg;
ghtj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpwJ vd;fpwhu;.
- rl;lk; kPl;gu; tUk;tiuapYk; xU topj;JizahfNt toq;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ kPl;gu;
te;J tpl;ljhy; rl;lk; mHj;jkw;wjhfp tpl;lJ.
- rl;lk; nfhLf;fg;gLtjw;F ehD}w;W Kg;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd; thoe;j Mgpufhk; flTs;kPJ
nfhz;l tpRthrj;jpdhy; ,iwtDf;F Vw;Gilatuhdhu;.
- rl;lj;ijf; Nfs;tpg;glhj fyhj;jpau; J}a Mtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldH. mjw;Ff; fhuzk;
ew;nra;jpiaf; Nfl;L fpwp];Jtpy; tpRthrk; nfhz;likNa.
ii. ,iwaUshy; epug;gg;gl;l fpwp];jtu;fs; vt;thW flTspd; gilg;ghfpa #oiyg;

nghWg;Gzu;r;rpAld; ghJfhf;fyhnkd tpsf;Ff.
- njhlf;fj;jpy; flTs; kdpjidg; gilj;jNghNj cyifg; ghJfhj;J guhkhpf;Fk; ghhpa nghWg;ig
mtDf;Ff; nfhLj;jhu;.
- vdNt #oiyg; ghJfhf;f kdpjd; flikg;gl;Ls;shd;.
- ,aw;if tsq;fis kdpjd; jd; RaeyDf;fhf mjpfk; Ruz;Ltjhy; gw;whf;Fiw
Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
- kdpj Ruz;lyhy; ,aw;ifapy; Vw;gLfpd;w rkepiyaw;w jd;ik fhuzkhf kdpj ,dk;
ghhpa mopTfshf rpy ,lq;fspy; tul;rpiaAk;> rpy ,lq;fspy; nts;sg; ngUf;fpdhy; ngUk;
mopTfisAk; vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,J ,aw;ifia nghWg;gw;w tpjkhfg; gad;gLj;jpajd;
tpisthFk;.
- #oiy md;G nra;j ,NaR jkJ Nghjidfspd; NghJ mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp mtw;wpd;
Nkd;ikia vLj;Jiuj;jhu;.
- jpUj;je;ij gpuhd;rp]; ‘,iwtDf;Fg; Gfo;’ vd;fpd;w Rw;Wklypy; ,aw;ifr; Rw;Wr;#oiy
Ngzpg; ghJfhg;gjd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;Jfpd;whu;.
- etPd tpQ;Qhd tsu;r;rpw;Fl;gl;l ,d;iwa cyfpy; thOk; kdpjd; jdJ Raeyk;> Nguhir
fhuzkhfj; jpde;NjhWk; #oiy mopTf;Fs;shf;fpd;whd;.
- vdNt #oy; khrilar; nra;Ak; toptifisj; jLj;J mjidg; ghJfhf;fj; Njitahd
nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;tJ ,iwaUshy; epug;gg;gl;l fpwp];jtu;fspd; ghhpa nghWg;ghFk;.
- xt;nthU fpwp];jtDk; jhd; thOk; tPL> ghlrhiy> #oy; vd;gdtw;iw Rj;jkhf itj;jpUf;f
Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
05. Ruq;ff; fy;yiwfspy; tiuag;gl;l Xtpaq;fspy; ,Ue;J Muk;g fpwp];jtu;fs; ngw;w ed;ikfs;> Nfhj;jpf;
fl;llf;fiyapd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfs;> muq;f epfo;Tfspd; Clhf ,iwaurpd; kjpg;gPLfs; gug;Giu nra;ag;gl;l
tpjk;> igrhe;jpaf; fl;llf;fiyapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs; njhlu;ghd khztu;fspd; mwpit kjpg;gPL nra;jy;.
i. fp.gp. 1054 ,y; jpUr;rig Nkw;F> fpof;F vd ,uz;lhf gpupe;jJ. ,t;thW gpupe;jikf;F
topNfhypa jiyikj;Jt> kiwf;Nfhl;Lf; fhuzpfis tptupf;F.
jiyikj;Jtk;
- cNuhika jpUj;je;ijapd; jiyikj;JtNk KOj;jpUr;rigf;Fk; nghJthdJ vd Nkw;Fj;
jpUr;rigapdu; fUjpdu;.
- mj;Jld; cNuhika MaUk;> nfhd;jhe;jpNehgpspd; gpjhg;gpjhTk; rkkhd jiyikj;Jtk;
cilatu;fnsdTk; fpof;Fj; jpUr;rigapdu; fUjpdu;.
- jpUj;je;ij 9Mk; ypNahtpd; fhyj;jpy; nfhd;jhe;jpd;Nehgps; gpjhg;gpjhthd ikf;fy;
nrUyhhpa]; jpUg;gypapy; cNuhikj; jpUj;je;ijapd; ngaiur; nrhy;yp kd;whLtij
ePf;fpdhu;.
- jpUj;je;ijiag; Nghd;W jhKk; rhpepfuhdtu; vd;W chpikNfhhp ,yj;jPd; Kiw
kuGfisAk;> Mya topghL mikg;igAk; khw;wpdhu;.
kiwf;Nfhl;ghL
- nfhd;jehe;jpNehgps; gpjhg;gpjh epNrah tpRthr mwpf;ifapy; ‘gPypahFNt’ (Filioque – kfd; )
vd;Dk; nrhw;nwhliu Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
- Gdpj mj;jdhrphpahhpd; ek;gpf;if mwpf;ifapy; J}a Mtpahhpd; ,iwj;jd;ik Fwpj;j
kiwf;Nfhl;ghl;by; fhzg;gl;l Kuz;ghLk; gpsTf;F top tFj;jJ.
- mjhtJ gpjhtpdpd;Wk;> Rjdpd;Wk; J}a Mtpahu; Gwg;gLfpd;whu; vd;fpd;w fUj;ij Gdpj
mj;jdhrpahu; Kd;itf;fpd;whu;.
- Mdhy; fpof;Fj; jpUr;rigapy; gpjhtplkpUe;J Gwg;gLk; J}a Mtpahdtu; RjD}lhf
nraw;gLfpd;whh; vd;fpd;w Nfhl;ghl;il Kd;itf;fpd;whu;.
- ghLfs;> kuzk;> capu;g;G njhlu;ghd gh];fh kiwepfo;Tf; nfhz;lhl;lk; Nkw;Fj; jpUr;rigapy;
QhapW jpdj;jpy; mDrhpf;fg;gl;L tUtJld;> cNuhikahpd; QhapW ehSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
- Mdhy; fpof;Fj; jpUr;rigapdu; a+ju;fspd; xa;Tehs; kuGg;gb ‘rghj;’ ,NaRtpd; ,Wjp
,uhTzT eilngw;w nghpa nts;spad;W nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.
- ,j;jifa fhuzq;fSf;fhf jpUr;rig fpof;F Nkw;fhf gpsTw;wd.
ii. jpUr;rig> cyfpy; ,iwaurpd; milahskhf tpsq;Ftjw;F fpwp];jt xd;wpg;gpd;

Njit gw;wp tpsf;Ff.
- jpUr;rig cyfpy; ,iwaurpd; milahskhf tpsq;Ftjw;F fpwp];jt xd;wpg;gpd; Njit gw;wp
tpsf;Ff.
- ,iwaurpd; milahskhf tpsq;Fk; jpUr;rigapy; fpwp];Jtpd; ,yl;rpakhd xd;wpg;gpd;
Njit mtrpakhFk;.
- fpwp];J ghLfs; kuzk; capu;g;G vDk; gh];fh kiwnghUs; thapyhf gphpe;jpUe;j
kf;fspdq;fis xd;wpizj;jhu;. mt;nthw;Wik jpUr;rigapy; epiyf;f Ntz;Lnkd;Wk;
tpUk;gpdhu;.
- MapDk; fpwp];J vjpu;ghu;j;jpUe;j xw;Wik jpUr;rig tuyhw;wpy; gy;NtW cyff;
fhuzpfshy; rpije;JNgha; gpsTfSf;F tpj;jpl;lJ.
- mg;gpsTfspd; fhuzkhf jpUr;rigapy; Ngjfq;fSk;> fpof;F - Nkw;F jpUr;rigg;
gphptpidAk;> Nkw;Fj; jpUr;rigapy; Vw;gl;l gphptpidfs; vd;W gy gphpTfshf fpwp];Jtpd;
tpUg;gj;jpw;F vjpuhfr; nrd;wd. ,j;jifa gpd;dzpapy; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; fpwp];Jtpd;
tpUg;gkhfpa fpwp];jt xd;wpg;gpid fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;baJ fhyj;jpd; fl;lakhFk;.
- ,it ,iwaurpd;; tpOkpaq;fshd md;G> ePjp> ,uf;fk;> vspik> kd;dpg;G> gfpu;T Nghd;w
gz;Gfshy; kpspu Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.
- fpwp];Jtpd; tho;T> Nghjid> gzp ahTk; ,j;jifa gz;Gfspd; Clhf xd;wpg;ig
Vw;gLj;JtjhfNt mike;Js;sd.
- ,NaR gpwe;;J tsu;e;j jpUf;FLk;gj;jpy; %nthU ,iwtdpd; xw;Wikj; jd;ik
typAWj;jg;gl;lJ.
- ,NaRtpd; Nghjidfspy; rpwg;ghf kiyg;nghopTg; Nghjidapy; xd;wpg;gpd; mtrpak;
tpsf;fg;gl;L ,iwaurpd; rhrdkhf mike;Js;sJ ( kj;. 5:7 ).
- ,NaRtpd; ,Wjp Ntz;Ljy; mlq;fpa Nahthd; 17Mk; mjpfhuj;jpYk; ‘vy;NyhUk; xd;wpj;jpUf;f
Ntz;Lk;;’ vd;W ,NaRtpd; ,Wjp tpUg;gk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
- ‘ehNd jpuhl;irr; nfhb ePq;fs; mjd; fpisfs;. ePq;fs; vd;dpy; ,ize;jpUf;fhtpby; mjpf
gyd;ju KbahJ’ vd;W xd;wpg;gpd; Njitia Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp epw;fpd;whu; (Nahth. 15:1-8).
- vd;Dila fpiliar; Nruhj NtW MLfSk; vdf;F cz;L mtw;iwAk; ehd; $l;br; Nru;f;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpYk; fpwp];jt xd;wpg;gpid ehb epw;fpd;whu; ( Nahth. 10:16 )
- ,NaR capHj;njOe;j gpd;du; jk; rPlh;fSf;F nfhLj;j gzpg;GiuapYk; ‘cynfq;Fk;
nrd;W gilg;gpw;nfyhk; ew;nra;jpia giwrhw;Wq;fs;’ vd;Wk;> ‘vy;yh ,dj;jhiuAk; vd;
rPluhf;Fq;fs;’ vd;Wk; $wpajpypUe;Jk; fpwp];jt xd;wpg;gpd; Njit typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
( kj;. 28:19 ).
- vdNt midj;Jyfpw;Fk; nghJikaha; ,Uf;Fk; fpwp];Jtpd; jpUr;rig
,iwaurpd; milahskhftpUe;J midj;J fpwp];jt rigfisAk; ,izj;J fpwp];J
tpUk;gpa xd;wpg;gpy; tsur; nra;a Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.

06. Gul;l];jhe;J rPu;j;jpUj;jpw;F topNfhypa fhuzpfs;> N[hz; fy;tpdpd; gbg;gpidfs;> jpupnje;jPd; nghJrq;fk;>
Gul;l];jhe;J rPu;j;jpUj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Jwtw rigfs; %yk; jpUr;rigf;F Mw;wg;gl;l gzpfs;
gw;wpa khztu;fspd; mwpit kjpg;gPL nra;jy;.
i. fjPw;wy; ghlrhiyf; fy;tp> INuhg;gpa r%fj;jpw;F toq;fpa Kw;Nghf;fhd

gq;fspg;Gf;fis kjpg;gpLf.
- 8Mk; E}w;whz;by; kd;dd; rhu;ypNkdpd; fl;lisg;gb xt;nthU kiwkhtl;lq;fspYk; fjPw;uy;
ghlrhiyfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
- kiwkhtl;lj;jpy; gq;Fg;ghlrhiyfs; gyTk; xU fjPw;uy; ghlrhiyAk; cUthf;fg;gl;ld.
- gq;Fg; ghlrhiyfspy; Muk;gf; fy;tpia ngw;wtu;fSf;F ,q;F cau;fy;tp toq;fg;gl;lJ.
- njhlf;fj;jpy; gq;Fg; ghlrhiyfspy; Muk;gf; fy;tpiag; ngw;w FUkhztu;fSf;F
cau;fy;tpia toq;Fk; Nehf;Fld; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ,g;ghlrhiyfspy; gpd;du; ViofSk;>
nry;te;ju;fSk; gzk; nrYj;jhky; fy;tpia ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;.
- ,g;ghlrhiyfSf;F jpUj;je;ijapd; MjuT fpilj;jJ.
- Muk;gj;jpy; jpUr;rigapd; rl;lq;fs;> nrgq;fs;> ,iwapay;> thf;fyq;fhuk;> jj;Jtk;> ,yj;jPd;>
fpNuf;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; vd;git fw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld.
- fp.gp. 1100,y; cyf ehLfspYk; muRfspYk; Vw;gl;l mgptpUj;jpapdhy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
ghlq;fspy; gw;whf;Fiw czug;gl;lJ. mjdhy; mur rl;lq;fs;> kUj;Jtk;> ,yj;jPd; nkhop>
,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fzk;> murpay;> nghUshjhuk; Nghd;w ghlq;fSk; cs;thq;fg;gl;ld.
- fjPw;wy; ghlrhiyfshy; INuhg;gpa r%fj;jpw;F toq;fg;gl;l fy;tpahy; ehfhpfkilahjtu;fshff;
fUjg;gl;l kf;fs; fy;tpiag; ngw;W xOf;fj;jpYk;> mwptpYk; rpwe;Njhq;Ftjw;F toptFj;jJ.
- gpd;du; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L NkYk; cau; fy;tpiag; ngWtjw;Fk;> gy
JiwfspYk; kWkyu;r;rp Vw;gLtjw;Fk; topNfhypaJ.
- INuhg;ghtpy; mwpTj;Jiw tsu;r;rpaile;jJ.
- Rje;jpu rpe;jidg;Nghf;F mjpfhpj;J nghJepiyapdUk; fy;tp fw;Fk; tha;g;G Vw;gl;lJ.
- Jiwrhu;e;j epGzh;fs; cUthf;fk; ngw;wdu;.
ii. xU ehl;bd; gy;Jiwrhu; Nkk;ghl;bw;F ghlrhiyf; fy;tp gq;fspg;Gr; nra;aj;jf;f
toptiffs; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.
- fy;tpnad;gJ kdpjdpd; gy;Jiw rhu;e;j tsu;r;rpf;F topNfhYfpd;wJ.
- mjidAzu;e;J ghlrhiy fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;fpd;wNghJ xU ehl;bd; gy;Jiw
rhu;e;j Nkk;ghl;bid milaKbAk;.
- ,jidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ghlrhiyfspy; rkak;> r%fk;> murpay;> fyhrhuk;> nghUshjhuk;
vd gy;NtW Jiwfspy; fw;gpf;fpd;wNghJ mtw;wpd; %yk; xU ehl;bd; gy;Jiw Nkk;ghl;bw;F
cjtKbAk;.
- vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> rkaf; fy;tpia Nehf;fpd; Md;kPfr; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;fpd;wNghJ
rpwe;j gpui[fis cUthf;f KbAk;.
- nghUshjhuj; Jiwia Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ tpQ;Qhdk;> fzpjk;> tzpfk; rk;ge;jkhd
ghlq;fSld; rpwe;j njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpiaAk; toq;Ffpd;wNghJ mjd; %ykhf ehl;bd;
tsu;r;rpf;F cjtpl KbAk;.
- ,d;W cyfpy; murpaw; nraw;ghLfs; Kuz;gl;Lf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ghlrhiyf; fy;tpapy; rpwe;j
murpay; fy;tpia toq;Ftjd; thapyhf ehl;bw;F Njitahd ey;y murpay; jiytu;fis
cUthf;f KbAk;.
- r%ff; fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fis fw;Wf;nfhLg;gjd; %yk; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; rpwe;j r%fj;ij
cUthf;fyhk;.

07. ,yq;ifapy; fj;Njhypf;f kiwiag; gug;Gtjw;F Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa kprdupkhu; Nkw;nfhz;l eltbf;iffs;> mtu;fs;
vjpu;nfhz;l rthy;fs;> xy;yhe;j rPu;j;jpUj;j rigia gpugy;ak; milar; nra;a gpypg; gy;NjA]; ghjpupahu;
gpd;gw;wpa eilKiwfs;> Mq;fpyf; fy;tp mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;likahy; ,yq;ifr; r%fk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l
ed;ikfs; gw;wpa khztu;fspd; mwpitg; guPl;rpj;jy;.
i. ,yq;ifapy; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; fj;Njhypf;f rka tsu;r;rpf;F

Xtpak;> ,yf;fpak;> fl;llf;fiy> muq;fpaw;fiy Mfpait gad;gLj;jg;gl;l tpjj;ij
Muha;f.
- fiynad;gJ kdpjd; jd; cs;sj;J czu;Tfs;> vz;zq;fs;> rpe;jidfis Gyd;fshy;
fhzf;$ba Kiwapy; ntspg;gLj;j vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpfisf; Fwpf;Fk;.
- ,yq;ifapy; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; fhyj;jpy; jpUtptpypaf; fUj;Jf;fisAk;> fj;Njhypf;f nfhs;if
Nfhl;ghLfisAk;> Gdpju;fspd; tuyhWfisAk; vLj;Jiuj;J fj;Njhypf;f rkaj;ij
gug;Giu nra;J tsh;r;rpailar; nra;tjw;F gy;NtW fiyntspg;ghl;L mk;rq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
- ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,aw;wg;gl;l ‘Qhdg;gs;S’ ,yf;fpaj;jpD}lhf ,NaRfpwp];Jitg; gw;wpAk;>
fpwp];jtk; Muk;gkhfp tsh;r;rpaile;j ,lq;fshd vUrNyk;> cNuhik Mfpa ,lq;fspd;
rpwg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
- ‘re;jpNahFkhNahu; mk;khid’ %yk; Gdpj nghpa ahfg;ghpd; tho;f;iff; Fwpg;Gf;fs;>
,NaRfpwp];J> khpahs;> jpUtptpypaf; fUj;Jf;fs; vdg; gy tplaq;fs; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.
- mt;thNw> ew;nra;jp E}y;fs;> gTypd; jpUKfq;fs;> 26 Gdpju;fspd; tuyhWfs; vd;gd
rpq;fsj;jpy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;ld.
- muq;fpaw;fiyia vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ,NaRrigf; FUf;fs; kj;jpa fhyj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
kiwQhd ehlfq;fs;> mw;Gj ehlfq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw jhkwpe;j ];ghdpa> Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa
kuGfspy; NkilNaw;wpAs;sdu;.
- mj;Jld; kuG hPjpahd fj;Njhypf;f ehl;Lf;$j;Jf;fSk; kd;dhu;> aho;g;ghzk; Nghd;w
gFjpfspy; NkilNaw;wg;gl;ljhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
- etfKt Gdpj md;dhs; Myaj;jpy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l Gdpj md;dhspd; cUtj;jpiu
Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; fhyj;J Xtpaf;fiyf;F rpwe;j vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;. ,j;jpiur;rPiy ,d;W
Njtj;ij mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
- Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; fhyj;jpy; ,q;F kiwgzpahw;w te;j kiwgug;ghsu;fs; fiuNahug; gFjpfspy;
gzpahw;wp kf;fis kde;jpUg;gpaNjhL mtu;fspd; topghLfSf;fhf cNuhika grpypf;fh
Kiwapyhd gy Myaq;fisf; fl;bdu;.
ii. fpwp];jt kjpg;gPLfis Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F Xtpak;> ,yf;fpak;> fl;llf;fiy> muq;fpaw;

fiy> r%f tiyj;jsq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw eilKiwr; r%fj;jpy; gad;gLj;jjf;f
tpjj;ij tptupf;F.
- Xtpak;> ,yf;fpak;> muq;fpaw;fiy> fl;blf;fiy vd;gdtw;wpd; %yk; fpwp];jt rkak;
rk;ge;jkhd gbg;gpidfisAk;> kjpg;gPLfisAk; ,yFthf kf;fs;Kd; nfhz;L nry;yKbAk;
vd;gjw;F tuyhW rhd;whFk;.
- kdpj czu;Tfs; ,yFtpy; njhlf;ff;$ba Mw;wy; Xtpaq;fSf;F vg;NghJk; cz;L. 12Mk;
E}w;whz;by; cUthf;fg;gl;l tu;zf; fz;zhbr; rpj;jpuk;> kWkyu;r;rpf;fhyg; gilg;Gf;fs;
vd;gd ,d;Wk; kf;fshy; tpUk;gg;gLfpd;w Mo;e;j ,iwapay; Nehf;Fila gilg;Gf;fshfj;
jpfo;fpd;wd.
- ,d;W ehlfj;Jiwapy; gy Gjpa El;gq;fs; GFj;jg;gl;bUg;gNjhL mit kf;fshy;
kpfTk; tpUk;gg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; nghUj;jkhd Af;jpfisAk;> El;gq;fisAk; gh];F
ehlfq;fspYk;> Gdpju;fspd; tuyhWfs; gw;wpa ehlfq;fs;> ehl;Lf;$j;Jf;fspYk; GFj;Jtjd;
%yk; mtw;iw eilKiwr; r%fj;jpw;F Vw;witahf khw;wyhk;.
- nra;As; tbtpy; mike;j jkpo;f; fpwp];jt ,yf;fpaq;fis ciueil ,yf;fpaq;fshf khw;wPL
nra;tjd; %yk; eilKiwr; r%fj;jpy; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.
- ,d;W mjpfkhdtu;fs; jkJ nghOJNghf;F rhjdkhfTk;> mtrpakhd nghUshfTk;
r%f tiyj;jyq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. fpwp];jtk; rk;ge;jkhd tplag; nghUl;fis
FWe;jpiug;glq;fshf> KOePs jpiug;glq;fshf njhiyf;fhl;rpfspYk;> ,izaq;fspYk;
ntspg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; eilKiwr; r%fj;jpy; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
- fpwp];jt fiy ,yf;fpa kd;wq;fis mikj;J mjD}lhf fiytop tptpypa tpOkpaf;
fy;tpapid tsh;f;f Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
- Gjpjhf Myaf; fl;llq;fis mikf;fpd;wNghJ gz;ghl;lk;rq;fis fUj;jpw;nfhz;L mjid
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; thapyhf fl;llf;fiyapid tsu;f;fyhk;.
08. ,NaRtpd; rPlu;fs; xw;Wikahf ,Ug;gjd; mtrpak; gw;wpa ,NaRtpd; Nghjidfs;> fpwp];jt xd;wpg;gpd;
tuyhW> fpwp];jt xd;wpg;gpid Vw;gLj;j fj;Njhypf;fj; jpUr;rig toq;Fk; gq;fspg;G> ,yq;ifapy; fpwp];jt
xd;wpg;ig Nkk;gLj;j khztu;fshy; toq;ff;$ba gq;fspg;G vd;gitg; gw;wpa khztu;fspd; mwpit kjpg;gPL
nra;jy;.
i. jpUkzk;> FLk;gk; Mfpad gw;wp 2 Mk; tj;jpf;fhd; rq;fj;jpd; ,d;iwa cyfpy;

jpUr;rig vd;Dk; Vl;by; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s gbg;gpidfis tpsf;Ff.
- ,uz;lhk; tj;jpf;fhd; rq;fk; ntspapl;l gjpdhW VLfspy; ‘,d;iwa cyfpy; jpUr;rig’Ak;
xd;whFk;. mjpy; jpUkzk;> FLk;g tho;T gw;wp gy fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
- jpUr;rq;fk; jpUkz> FLk;g tho;it mbg;gil kdpj cwthf Nehf;fp> mjid md;Gr;r%fk;
vd;W tiuaWf;fpd;wJ.
- jpUkz md;gpdhy; cUthFk; neUq;fpa cwTr; r%fk; FLk;gk;. mjidg; gilg;gpd;
njhlf;fj;jpy; flTs; Vw;gLj;jpdhu;.
- jpUkz md;gpd; Ms;epiy rhu;e;jJk;> gpd;thq;ff;$lhj ,irtpYk; cUthdNj FLk;gk;.
- kdpj capiu toptopahf toq;Fk;> fhf;Fk; cahpa flikiaf; flTs; jpUkzj;jpD}lhf
FLk;gj;jplk; xg;gilj;Js;shu;.
- ,iwj;jpl;lj;jpw;Nfw;g r%jhaj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; ePbj;Jepw;Fk; Xu; mikg;Ng FLk;gk;.
FLk;gk;jhd; r%jhaj;jpd; mbj;jskhf cs;sJ.
- FLk;gk; kdpj khz;gpid tsKwr; nra;Ak; gs;spahFk;.
- jpUkzkhNdhu; jpUkz md;gpy; gpukhzpf;fkhf tho;tjhy; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; tho;T>
ghLfs;> kuzk;> capu;g;G topahf ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,iwad;gpw;Fr; rhl;rpak; gfu;fpd;wdu;.
ii. fpwp];jt FLk;gq;fspy; mjpfupj;J tUk; Fog;gfukhd #o;epiyfspy; kfpo;r;rpfukhdJk;

MNuhf;fpakhdJkhd FLk;g tho;tpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; gps;isfspd; tfpghfk;
gw;wp tpsf;Ff.
- flTs; Vw;gLj;jpa jpUkz - FLk;g tho;T rpwg;giltjpy; gps;isfSf;F fzprkhd gq;Fz;L.
Mdhy; ,d;W gps;isfspd; Kuz; elj;ijfs; fhuzkhf FLk;gtho;T rPuope;J nry;fpd;wJ.
- gj;Jf;fl;lisfspy; ehd;fhk; fl;lis jha;> je;ijia kjpj;J tho Ntz;Lnkdf; $Wfpd;wJ.
,jidf; filg;gpbj;J ngw;Nwhiu kjpj;J thOk;NghJ kfpo;r;rpfukhd FLk;g tho;tpidf;
fl;bnaOg;gyhk;.
- Gdpj gTy; vNgrpaUf;F vOjpa jpUKfj;jpy; gps;isfs; ngw;NwhUf;F fPo;g;gbe;J tho
Ntz;Lnkd mwpTiu $Wfpd;whu;. ,jd;gb gps;isfs; ngw;NwhUf;F fPo;g;gbe;J mtu;fs;
tpUg;gg;gb elf;Fk;nghOJ MNuhf;fpakhd FLk;g tho;tpidf; fl;bnaOg;gyhk;.

49 FPWP) JT Ehfupfk :, Yq Ifg Gupl Irj Jpizf FSK Me Juq FKHDJ

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49 FPWP) JT Ehfupfk :, Yq Ifg Gupl Irj Jpizf FSK Me Juq FKHDJ

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,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk; me;juq;fkhdJ

i. Gwtpdj;jhu; Fwpj;J ew;nra;jpapy; fhzg;gLk; Fwpg;Gf;fs; ehd;F jUf.

- ,NaRtpd; gpwg;gpd;NghJ mtiuj; jhprpf;f te;j fPo;jpir Qhdpfs; ( kj;. 2: 1-12 )

ii. rPlj;Jtk; gw;wpa fpwp];Jtpd; gbg;gpidfs; ehd;fpidj; jUf.

iv. ,iwaurpd; jd;ikia tpsf;Fk; ctikfs; ehd;ifj; jUf.

v. ew;nra;jpapd;gb ,NaRtpd; rpYit kuzk; gw;wpa tpguf;Fwpg;Gfs; ehd;F vOJf.

i. ehd;F jg;giwahd NghjidfisAk; mtw;wpd; Kf;fpa gbg;gpidfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

ii. rpYitg; Nghupd; rhjf> ghjf tpisTfs; ,uz;L tPjk; vOJf.

iii. Muk;gfhy fpwp];jtr; rpe;jidahsu;fspd; kiwf; Nfhl;ghL> Md;kPf tsu;r;rpf;fhd

Gdpj mF];jPdhhpd; tho;f;if

Gdpj mF];jPdhhpd; gbg;gpidfs;

v. mnyf;rhe;jpupa rpe;jidf;$lk; gw;wpa tplaq;fs; ehd;F jUf.

i. ,e;jpahtpYs;s ,yj;jPd; jpUr;rigapd; gz;Gfs; ehd;F vOJf.

ii. khu;Njhkh jpUr;rigapd; Njhw;wk; gw;wpa tplaq;fs; ehd;F jUf.

iv. Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; tUiff;F Kd;dNu ,yq;ifapy; fpwp];jtk; fhzg;gl;ljw;fhd

i. J}a gTypd; jpUkly;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ,iwaUs; gw;wpa gbg;gpidfis cs;slf;fpa

ii. ,iwaUshy; epug;gg;gl;l fpwp];jtu;fs; vt;thW flTspd; gilg;ghfpa #oiyg;

ii. jpUr;rig> cyfpy; ,iwaurpd; milahskhf tpsq;Ftjw;F fpwp];jt xd;wpg;gpd;

i. fjPw;wy; ghlrhiyf; fy;tp> INuhg;gpa r%fj;jpw;F toq;fpa Kw;Nghf;fhd

i. ,yq;ifapy; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; fj;Njhypf;f rka tsu;r;rpf;F

ii. fpwp];jt kjpg;gPLfis Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F Xtpak;> ,yf;fpak;> fl;llf;fiy> muq;fpaw;

i. jpUkzk;> FLk;gk; Mfpad gw;wp 2 Mk; tj;jpf;fhd; rq;fj;jpd; ,d;iwa cyfpy;

ii. fpwp];jt FLk;gq;fspy; mjpfupj;J tUk; Fog;gfukhd #o;epiyfspy; kfpo;r;rpfukhdJk;

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