SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPATMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY

PREPARED BY

P.KANNAN AP/MECH
ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY LTPC0032

OBJECTIVES:

To supplement the principles learnt in kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery.

To understand how certain measuring devices are used for dynamic testing.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. a) Study of gear parameters.
b) Experimental study of velocity ratios of simple, compound, Epicyclic and differential
gear trains.
2. a) Kinematics of Four Bar, Slider Crank, Crank Rocker, Double crank, Double rocker,
Oscillating cylinder Mechanisms.
b) Kinematics of single and double universal joints.
3. a) Determination of Mass moment of inertia of Fly wheel and Axle system.
b) Determination of Mass Moment of Inertia of axis symmetric bodies using Turn Table
apparatus.
c) Determination of Mass Moment of Inertia using bifilar suspension and compound
Pendulum.
4. Motorized gyroscope – Study of gyroscopic effect and couple.
5. Governor - Determination of range sensitivity, effort etc., for Watts, Porter, Proell, and
Hartnell Governors.
6. Cams – Cam profile drawing, Motion curves and study of jump phenomenon
7. a) Single degree of freedom Spring Mass System – Determination of natural Frequency
and verification of Laws of springs – Damping coefficient determination.
b) Multi degree freedom suspension system – Determination of influence coefficient.
8. a) Determination of torsional natural frequency of single and Double Rotor systems.-
Undamped and Damped Natural frequencies.
b) Vibration Absorber – Tuned vibration absorber.
9. Vibration of Equivalent Spring mass system – undamped and damped vibration.
10. Whirling of shafts – Determination of critical speeds of shafts with concentrated loads.
11. a) Balancing of rotating masses. (b) Balancing of reciprocating masses.
12. a) Transverse vibration of Free-Free beam – with and without concentrated masses.
b) Forced Vibration of Cantilever beam – Mode shapes and natural frequencies.
c) Determination of transmissibility ratio using vibrating table.
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS
OUTCOME
Ability to demonstrate the principles of kinematics and dynamics of machinery
Ability to use the measuring devices for dynamic testing.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 2

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

S.NO DATE EXPERIMENT REMARK

1 MOMENT OF INERTIA OSCILLATION METHOD
2 TRANSVERSE VIBRATION
3 WHIRLING OF SHAFT
4 FREE-BEAM
5 TURN TABLE
6 SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM
7 CRANK ROCKER
8 KINEMATICS OF UNIVERSAL JOINTS
9 KINEMATICS OF GEAR TRAIN
10 CAM JUMP PHENOMENON
11 CAM STUDY MODEL
12 VIBRATION TARLE
13 SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM
14 BALANCING OF RECIPROCATING MASS
15 GYROSCOPIC COUPLE
16 WATT GOVERNOR
17 PROTER GOVERNOR
18 PROEIL GOVERNOR
19 MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM
20 DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM DAMPED VIBRATION

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 3

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

1. MOMENT OF INERTIA OSCILLATION METHOD

AIM:

To determine moment of inertia of unknown object by oscillation.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Experimental setup
Connecting rod.

FORMULA:

KEYWORDS AND NOTATION:

Mass moment of inertia of bar, I1, in kg.m2

Mass moment of inertia of object, I2, in kg.m2
Time taken for one oscillation with out object, t1 in sec.
Time taken for one oscillation with , t2 in sec.
Distance between centroid and pivot point, L1, in m.
Mass of bar, m1 in kg. = 4.71 kg
Mass of object m2 in kg = 2.825 kg

DESCRIPTION:

If I1 is moment of inertia of a beam about its pivot and Ii is moment of inertia of

unknown mass about its axis and m2 is the mass of the object and h is distance to centroid
of m2 from pivot.(which coincide with centroid of beam).

SPECIFICATION:

Bar size: 50 x I0 x1200 mm

Distance between hinge and centroid of bar : 550 mm.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 4

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION:

Object name Time taken for one oscillation Mass moment of

With out object With object inertia of object about
pivot point I2
I1

I2

CALCULATION

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 5

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION

EXPERMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Determine period of oscillation without object, t1

2. Fix object whose CG consider with CG of beam.
3. Determine period of oscillation t2

RESULT:
Thus the moment of inertia of unknown object can determine by oscillation.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 6

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

2.TRANSVERSE VIBRATION

AIM

To determine the natural frequency of cantilever beam

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Experimental setup

PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION

FORMULA:

Theoretical natural frequency

Actual natural frequency

Deviation

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 7

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SPECIFICATION

Youngs modulus of rigidity

Area moment of inertia

Breadth, B in mm.
Thickness Tin mm.
Mean length of bar, L in mm.
Mass of bar (flat beam), m, in kg
Mass of motor & its base, m2 in kg

Correction factor

Tabulation:

Length K Actual
Correction Actual speed Theoretical
L1oad in natural Deviation
factor for N in rpm frequency
mm frequency,
length

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 8

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Measure cross section of beam.

2. Weigh the mass on the beam
3. Fix at known distance and vary the speed of motor.
4. Observe speed at which amplitude is maximum.(Do not run at this speed for long time)
(at natural frequency stage the motor takes more power, so variation speed/ variation of voltage
is very low.)
5. Increase speed for this and ensure that amplitude is less at higher speed.
6. Do this for various values of 'L' and compare with calculated value.
7. calculate theoretical frequency
8. Find actual frequency of the system
9. Compare theoretical with actual value.

RESULT:

Thus the natural frequency are determined by given transverse vibration

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 9

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

3.WHIRLING OF SHAFT
AIM:
To determine the critical(whirling) speed of the given rotor.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

This consists of a shaft y diameter 'd' and central mass 'm' . The shaft is supported
on two bearings and distance between bearings can be adjusted. The shaft is driven by a
variable speed motor with speed indicator. The whole arrangement is mounted on a bed

FORMULA:

Stiffness

Moment of inertia

Whiriling speed therotical

Critical speed

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Initially set the bearing block at last hole so that it will be maximum centre
distance between pedestals as mm.
2. Calculate lateral stiffness of shaft considering thus as both end fixed beam
3. Run the shaft and gradually increase speed .
4. Note the critical speed by observing amplitude of rotor.
5. Increase the speed and ensure that amplitude decreases

RESULT:

Thus the critical speed of given rotor is determined

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 10

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SPECIFICATION

Youngs modulus of rigidity

Density of shaft 7700 kg/m3

TABULATION:

Shaft Whirling
Length of Frequency of
diameter speed Stiffness (q) speed of
the shaft (L) vibration
(d) shaft

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 11

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

4.FREE-BEAM

AIM:
To determine the natural frequency of beam by deflection method

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Simple supported beam setup

Weight

TECHNICAL SPECIPICATIONS

Total length of setup = 1000 mm

FORMULAE

1. Natural Frequency Fn= 2Π

1
√Κ/Μ

2. Radial Frequency 𝜔n =√Κ/Μ

Where

M= mass of system mass of bar+hanger+weight added(L+b+t+𝜌+p+hanger)

K = stiffness of bar = 𝑃
𝛿

P is load applied on the bar

𝛿 is deflection measured from the dial gauge

PROCEDURE

1. Measure the cross section of beam

2. Load the one block of weight provided.
3. Note down the scale reading and deflection.
4. Find actual frequency of the beam
5. Repeat the procedures to all the given weight blocks

RESULT

Thus the natural frequencies are determined by given the beam setup

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 12

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

OBSERVATION :

Total lemgth L =1000mm

Breath B=0.018mm
Thickness t = 0.005mm
Hanger weight = 0.75
𝜌 = 7860
TABULATION
Deflectio Radian
Weight Weight Stiffness Weight
Length(L) n of frequency Natural
s.no added in added in of bar on the
In mm beam in of system frequency
hanger 1 hanger 2 (K) bar
mm*0.01 𝜔n

1 1000 200

2 1000

3 1000

4 1000

5 1000

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 13

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

5.TURN TABLE
AIM:

To determine moment of inertia of unknown member by using the torsional

apparatus.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1) Experiment setup
2) Connecting rod
FORMULA

I1 = qt12/4𝜋2

I2 = qt22/4𝜋2 - I1

q = GJ/L
𝜋
J= d4
32

PROCEDURE:

1. Fix the mass to the sliding arm and measure the initial radius R1
2. Make the turn table to rotate at (30-40 rpm) low speeds and measure the
final radial position of the mass, R2 and
3. The time taken by the mass to travel from initial radial position to final
position, t in seconds.
4. Repeat the steps for different amounts of masses.

RESULT

Thus the moment of inertia of unknown member by using the torsional

apparatus was determined.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 14

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

OBSERVATION :

G = 0.8*105
d= 6.1 mm
L = 660 mm
TABULATION
Time taken for oscillation Mass moment of
Object name
Without object With object inertia I2

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 15

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

6. SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM

AIM:

To find the angular velocity of connecting rod, slider velocity and compare with its
theoretical value

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Slider crank setup

FORMULA:

Velocity of slider V =

Angular velocity ω = V/r

PROCEDURE

This model consists of a slider crank mechanism with the following .

(a) Crank length is adjustable
(b) Connecting rod length is adjustable
( c) Crank and connecting rod ends are hinged by ball bearings
(d) Angular position of crank can be measured to an accuracy of 0.1°
(e) Slider position can be measured to accuracy
To check it and correct if the correction is needed.

RESULT:

Thus angular velocity is verified and this theoretical value is compared with its practical
value

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 16

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION

Crank angle Measured Distance Angle velocity Angular

(θ) value from between between velocity
scale (x0) crank center slider and
and slider connecting
(x)=m+ x0 rod (φ)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 17

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

7. CRANK ROCKER

AIM:

To determine the angular velocity ratio ω4/ ω2 and ω3/ ω2 for various angular position of
crank for the given link sizes.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Experimental setup

FORMULA

PROCEDUR.E

1. Check the position of the grub screw in crank.

2. And also check the position of the coupler and Racker.
3. Check the Angular position of crank and Racker can be measured to an accuracy of 0.I0
4. Two links are fixed on to a board. The distance between the pivot is considered as length
of fixed link 1.
5. Each moving link is telescopic type and its length can be varied by grub screw provided.
6. Hinges are provided with ball bearings to reduce error due to clearance
7. Angular position of links 2 (crank) and 4 (rocker) can be measured to a resolution of 0.1
° by venire protractors.

RESULT:

Thus the angular velocity ratio ω4/ ω2 and ω3/ ω2 for various angular position of crank
for the given link sizes

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 18

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SPECIFICATION

Crank length -80 - 120 mm

Coupler length -180 - 320 mm
Racker length -130 - 220 mm
Overall size -600 x 300 mm
Approximate weight- 2 kg
Resolution -0.10

TABULATION
Crank Rocker arm Coupler rod
s.no angle θ2 angle θ4 angle θ3 ω4/ ω2 ω3/ ω2

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 19

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

8. KINEMATICS OF UNIVERSAL JOINTS

AIM:

To determine the angular velocity ratio for single and double joints.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Experimental setup

FORMULA :

PROCEDURE:

1. Check the joints are perfectly

2. Check the n1arking scale is correctly or not
3. Check the initial corrections
4. The setup consists of two numbers of universal joints joined by a spline shaft. The whole
system is n1ounted on three plummer blocks.
5. Provision is made to measure angular position of input shaft, intermediate shaft
6. and output shaft.
7. The inclination between shafts can be varied and measured.

RESULT:

Thus the angular velocity ratio of single and double joints are determined

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 20

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION

Theoretical
A θ2 θ2 θ2 dθ1 dθ2 ω2 / ω1 ω2 / ω1

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 21

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

9. KINEMATICS OF GEAR TRAIN

AIM:

To draw the speed diagram / Ray diagram by using the gear train.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Experimental setup.

FORMULA:

PROCEDURE:

1. Count the number of teeth in each gear.

2. Calculate module of gears, Verify that it is same for all the gears.Module = outer
diameter of any gear teeth/(number of teeth + 2)
3. Measure center distance between the shafts. Eg., Center distance of shaft
1- 2 = ((40 x m) + (20 x m))/2.
4. Estimate gear ratio (output rev/ input rev) in each combination 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, etc.,
5. Set different position of 11213 and 41516, give and revolution m output shaft and
measure output revolutions. Estimate gear ratio and verify with calculated values.
6. Draw speed diagram
7. do for torque ration

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 22

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

RESULT:

Thus the speed ratio and torque ratio are found for the gear train and Compared with its
actual value

TABULATION

CALCULATION GEAR RATIO

GEAR GEAR DEVIATION
S.NO INPUTE OUTPUTE OUTPUT/
POSISTION RATIO (%)
REVOLUATION REVOLUTION INPUTE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 23

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

10.CAM JUMP PHENOMENON

AIM

To determine the speed at which cam Jump occur for various spring loading condition.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Experimental setup
2. Spring

FORMULA:

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Measure the dimensions of the spring such as d, D, n, free length (d and D in mm).
2. Calculate the stiffness of the spring.
3. Calculate critical speed for with out spring.
4. Now start the motor without spring and find out the actual critical speed and compare
with theoretical value.
5. Then place spring and give initial compression to c = 0 mm. Find actual critical speed
and compare with theoretical value.
6. Do the above procedure for various initial compression to the spring (c = no of
7. revolution of bolt x pitch of bolt)

RESULT

Thus the speed is determined by the cam jump occur

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 24

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:

TABULATION:

Actual cam 𝜹 = c + (2 xe) Theoretical

S.no C in mm
jump speed in mm values of N
1
2
3
4
5

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 25

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

11. CAM STUDY MODEL

AIM:

To draw the displacement diagram experimentally for various cam profiles and
Followers

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Experimental setup
2. flat and roller followers
3. Cam profile
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Take a tracing paper of size 40cm * 15cm.

2. Use scale for x axis, as 1cm =10o of rotation of cam
3. Take height of lift as 10cm.
4. Plot the displacement diagram for given cam profile.
5. Fix the cam paper on drum
6. Set 0o as starting point of lift.
7. Give gradual rotation to cam and Plot the displacement graph
8. Compare solution obtained by graph method
9. Do this for other cam profile and followers.

RESULT

The displacement diagrams are drawn for given followers and various cams

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 26

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

12. IBRATION TARLE

AIM

To determine the natural frequency and critical speed of the given vibration table

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Experimental setup
2. Spring
3. Power supply

FORMULA

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 27

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION:

Speed of no of LED Force Force excited Transmissibility

motor transmitted Ratio T

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 28

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

1. Take out motor with unbalance wheel. guide rod etc and weigh in balance M = 7.50 kg.
2. Measure dimension of spring used for vibration isolation, d, D. n, free length etc .
3. Calculate stiffness of spring Calculate natural frequency Ensure that within 1200 rpm and
Fix the spring on the table
4. Set the value in bar graph is as zero. (switch off all led including zero indicator)
5. Then increase the speed of the motor and check the system in vibration mode or not. If
no vibration (oscillation) on spring then adjust the counter weight added or spring
location.
6. Then now run the motor in 200 rpm. Now increase the speed of motor.
Simultaneously note the speed of motor for each increasing of blinking LED.

RESULT

Thus the natural frequency and critical speed of the given vibration table is determined

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 29

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

13. SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

AIM:
. To determine the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping factor
damping coefficient. ·
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Experimental setup
2. Electronic timer
3. Spring mass 3nos
FORMULA REQUIRED:

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Single degree freedom
1. Keep one spring & mass only
2. Keep proximity switch at equilibrium position of mass
3. Give 50 mm deflection to mass
4. Do the above step for other springs also.

RESULT
. Thus the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping factor damping
coefficient is determined

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 30

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION:

Time
Weight Damping Radian Damping Damping Natural
S.No Taken For
Added Frequency Frequency Factor Coefficient Frequency
Oscillation

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 31

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

14.BALANCING OF RECIPROCATING MASS

AIM

Balancing the reciprocating mass in various speeds

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Vertical slide crank mechanism

Load
Piezo electric cell

FORMULA USED

Vertical balancing = ( 1-β)m𝜔2r

Horizontal unbalance = βm𝜔2r

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Place the equipment in stand and fix the M6 bolt

2. Now check the rotation is in free from
3. Switch on the power supply
4. Then switch off all LED in vibration measurement
5. Put minimum position at wares and fine knobs
6. Then rotate to the fine knob to middle position
7. Now rotate the wares knob until the Zero LED

RESULT

Thus balancing the reciprocating mass in various speeds is done.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 32

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION:

S.No Mass Speed No Of LED Blinking

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 33

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

15.GYROSCOPIC COUPLE
AIM
To determine the gyroscopic couple effect

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Gyroscope
Digital speed controller
Weights
Stopwatch

FORMULA USED

Mass moment of inertia of disc I = md2/8

Angular velocity of the disc ω = 2πN / 60

Angular velocity of procession ωp = (Q/t)*π/180

Reactive gyroscopic couple Cr = I.ω. ωp

active gyroscopic couple Ca = ω* L

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Set the rotor at zero position.

2. Start the motor with the help of rotary switch.
3. Increase the speed of rotor with dimmer state & stable it & measure the rpm with the
4. help of tachometer (optional).
5. Put the weight on weight pan than yoke rotate at anticlockwise direction.
6. Measure the rotating angle (30°, 40°) with the help of stopwatch.
7. Repeat the experiment for the various speeds and loads.
8. After the test is over set dimmer to zero position and switch off main supply.

RESULT

Thus the Gyroscopic couple is determining for various loads and speed

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 34

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SPECIFICATION

Weight of rotor W = 4.47

Disc rotor diameter = 25cm

Rotor thickness = 10 cm

L = 220 mm

Tabulation

Time
Speed Of Weighted Active Reactive
S.No Taken For
Disc Added Couple Couple
60o

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 35

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

16.WATT GOVERNOR
AIM
To determine the radius of rotation, centrifugal force, sensitivity, effort, power and draw
the characteristic curve of watt governor

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Universal governor
Tachometer

FORMULA USED

Governor height (h) = no – x/2

Radius of rotation r = 0.5+ L sinα
Centrifugal force F = mω2r
Sensitivity s = 2(N2 – N1)/ (N2 + N1)
Percentage of increase in speed C = (N2 – N1)/ N1 * 100
Effort e = [ c(m + M) g]
Power P = e*x

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Assemble the governor to be tested.

2. Complete the electrical connections.
3. Switch ON the main power.
4. Note down the initial reading of pointer on the scale.
5. Switch On the rotary switch.
6. Slowly increase the speed of governor until the sleeve is lifted from its initial position
by rotating Variac.
7. Let the governor be stabilized.
8. Increase the speed of governor in steps to get the different positions of sleeve lift at
different RPM.
9. Increase the speed of governor in steps to get the different positions of sleeve lift at
different RPM.
10. Decrease the speed of governor gradually by bringing the Variac to zero position and
then switch off the motor.
11. Switch OFF all switches.
12. Disconnect all the connections.
13. Draw the graph for governor as stated further in manual.

RESULT
Thus on increasing speed, the sleeve displacement increases and the centrifugal force also
increased

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 36

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION

Sleeve Height of Centrifugal

s.no Speed Radius Sensitivity Effort power
displacement governor force

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 37

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

17.PROTER GOVERNOR
AIM
To determine the radius of rotation, centrifugal force, sensitivity, effort, power and draw
the characteristic curve of proter governor

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Universal governor
Tachometer

FORMULA USED

Governor height (h) = no – x/2

Radius of rotation r = 0.5+ L sinα
Centrifugal force F = mω2r
Sensitivity s = 2(N2 – N1)/ (N2 + N1)
Percentage of increase in speed C = (N2 – N1)/ N1 * 100
Effort e = [ c(m + M) g]
Power P = e*x

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Assemble the governor to be tested.

2. Complete the electrical connections.
3. Switch ON the main power.
4. Note down the initial reading of pointer on the scale.
5. Switch On the rotary switch.
6. Slowly increase the speed of governor until the sleeve is lifted from its initial position
by rotating Variac.
7. Let the governor be stabilized.
8. Increase the speed of governor in steps to get the different positions of sleeve lift at
different RPM.
9. Increase the speed of governor in steps to get the different positions of sleeve lift at
different RPM.
10. Decrease the speed of governor gradually by bringing the Variac to zero position and
then switch off the motor.
11. Switch OFF all switches.
12. Disconnect all the connections.
13. Draw the graph for governor as stated further in manual.

RESULT
Thus on increasing speed, the sleeve displacement increases and the centrifugal force also
increased

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 38

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Tabulation

Sleeve Height of Centrifugal

s.no Speed Radius Sensitivity Effort power
displacement governor force

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 39

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

18. PROEIL GOVERNOR

AIM
To determine the radius of rotation, centrifugal force, sensitivity, effort, power and draw
the characteristic curve of proeil governor

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Universal governor
Tachometer

FORMULA USED

Governor height (h) = no – x/2

Radius of rotation r = 0.5+ L sinα
Centrifugal force F = mω2r
Sensitivity s = 2(N2 – N1)/ (N2 + N1)
Percentage of increase in speed C = (N2 – N1)/ N1 * 100
Effort e = [ c(m + M) g]
Power P = e*x

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Assemble the governor to be tested.

2. Complete the electrical connections.
3. Switch ON the main power.
4. Note down the initial reading of pointer on the scale.
5. Switch On the rotary switch.
6. Slowly increase the speed of governor until the sleeve is lifted from its initial position
by rotating Variac.
7. Let the governor be stabilized.
8. Increase the speed of governor in steps to get the different positions of sleeve lift at
different RPM.
9. Increase the speed of governor in steps to get the different positions of sleeve lift at
different RPM.
10. Decrease the speed of governor gradually by bringing the Variac to zero position and
then switch off the motor.
11. Switch OFF all switches.
12. Disconnect all the connections.
13. Draw the graph for governor as stated further in manual.

RESULT
Thus on increasing speed, the sleeve displacement increases and the centrifugal
force also increased

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 40

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Tabulation

Sleeve Height of Centrifugal

s.no Speed Radius Sensitivity Effort power
displacement governor force

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 41

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

19. MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM

AIM:
. To determine the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping factor
damping coefficient. ·
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Experimental setup
2. Electronic timer
3. Spring mass 3nos
FORMULA REQUIRED:

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Single degree freedom
1. Keep one spring & mass only
2. Keep proximity switch at equilibrium position of mass
3. Give 50 mm deflection to mass
4. Do the above step for other springs also.

RESULT
. Thus the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping factor damping
coefficient is determined

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 42

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION:

Time
Weight Damping Radian Damping Damping Natural
S.No Taken For
Added Frequency Frequency Factor Coefficient Frequency
Oscillation

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 43

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

20. DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM DAMPED VIBRATION

AIM:
. To determine the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping factor
damping coefficient. ·

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. Experimental setup
2. Electronic timer
3. Spring mass 3nos
FORMULA REQUIRED:

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Single degree freedom
1. Keep one spring & mass only
2. Keep proximity switch at equilibrium position of mass
3. Give 50 mm deflection to mass
4. Do the above step for other springs also.

RESULT
. Thus the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping factor damping
coefficient is determined

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 44

ME 8511 - KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS LABORATORY SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

TABULATION:

Time
Weight Damping Radian Damping Damping Natural
S.No Taken For
Added Frequency Frequency Factor Coefficient Frequency
Oscillation

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 45