Samina Sarfraz: M.

S Evening (2020-2022): Research:

Q1:

CHARACTERISTICS OF SAMPLING:

 The sample must represent the population correctly.

 It must be free from bias
 It must possess the least sampling error
 It must be optimum in size 

Why we chose the Sample:

Actually Sampling is a Procedure to draw a representative sample from the population in such a
way that the sample elements selected represent the population.  it is subset of the population.
To study the characteristics of the entire population. Therefore, it is very important to that
sample should represent entire population.

Q 3:

Intervening variable:

An intervening variable is a variable that affects the relationship between an independent

variable and a dependent variable.

Constant:

A constant is a quantity that does not change. Although you can measure a constant, you either
cannot alter it during an experiment or else you choose not to change it. 

Operational:

The specific way in which a variable is measured in a particular study is called the operational
definition.

Q4:

internal and external validity

 Internal validity relates to how well a study is conducted. The main purpose of internal
validity is to analyze the effectiveness of research. 
 External validity relates to How Applicable the findings are to the real world. external
validity describes the extent to which the study's results are generalisable over time and
to other contexts and people.
Q5:

Ethical Consideration in Research:

 TRUTHFULNESS.
 COURTESY.
 RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS .
 Be responsible.
 Be Caring,

Q6:

Purposive sampling:

in which researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing members of the population to
participate in their surveys. 

Sample

Pp

Population

A purposive sample is where a researcher selects a sample based on their knowledge about the
study and population. The participants are selected based on the purpose of the sample, hence
the name.

M.C Q:

1: Systematic

2: Randomly selecting large sample from population

3: accessible population

4: Iv: Study to relationship of family

Dv: Size of income

ST: random sampling

5: Variables:

1: interval

2: nomi

3: interval

4: ordinal

5: Ordinal

6: Nominal

7: Nominal

8: Ratio

9: Nominal

10:Ordinal