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f VUW:a
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A B C
1 3 1 1 1 2

2 3 1 2 2 4 2 3 3 1

3 4 2 3
š d{ICOHKgG
j|lHn!bFGX:Ore_GXsNKgG]GcX’d‘VUILK_VfQŒ†MLKT`Sa
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n
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ÅuGFX:G_^YWHGG]wiG]fGW‚sNQ‚cµVUWYX JµM†!Z¹VQ™`YG_†”MLKgGCn!DFEYVs5diQ|S‚ * ¬†`cS ‚µ¬#`
K µ = Ó a7` µ K Ó ”† MLK5VWdiW‚sNG]ILGKWR;‹ÃjCS
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K µ = Ó Ó` µ K Ó 
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2 3 1 3 2 3

3 4 2 4

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2 2 2 2

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4 5 3 5 4 5

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µ SHVCe_sgdiWHI‹MLWsNEHGhwiGV|zLG]QJM@† ? µ K Ó n5›FG]WYe—GƒsNEHG]KNGƒdiQFVWG]wiG]fG]W:sJM†5Z»[Fd{sNE
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4 5 3 4

1 1 1 1

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K µ = Ó a7` µ K Ó †”MLK/VWdiW:sgG]ICG]KDR;‹jCS
2 µ ¬#` 2
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Òœ K Ó ª 2 Ò Ò “#2ӄ`ƒœ K Ó ª
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a k “ Ò a‹œ K ª 2 k Ò “ Ó 2 k œ K ª“ Ó 2 Ò œ k 
Ó Ó

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†”KgMLf+Z Ó sNM
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Z Ó ¬ ZVWrX~Z diQFQgdifPHwiGLn
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sNEHG 52
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G|VQgdiwiadifPHwidiG]QJsgEYVUsƒ¨ e_MCW:s‡VdiWHQ[‚cµ¯†MLKG]zLG]KNa
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K Ó Òc a œ K Ó ICdizLG]Q k ¬@a K Ó Ò
a nc› G]WYe_G Ò Ž
k ¬'` ` S*VWrX~sNEHGcKNG]w#VsNMLK a k “ Ò ‹ & ¨un FM[ wiG]s Ç R `YG
VW„diW‚sNG]ILGK
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VWrX ‚ Ò nDFE‚O<QƒsNEHGKgG]w#VsNMLK7a Ò Ó “ Ó ‚ Ò œ
K Ó GVUQgdiwiaILdizCG]Q Ò & ` µ K Ó ¨ ` K µ = Ó S*VWYXQNM µ Ó u
K Ó = & ¨unDFEHdiQ/PHKNMzLG]Q
sgErVsT`Da e_MCff
OHsNG]Q5[FdisgE ‚ µ VWYX µ †MLKFG]zCG]KgadiW:sgG]ICG]K>R ? ‹ …Hn
ÅuGW<M[ P<KgMzLGd#œh`:audiWYX:OYe—sgdiMLW³MLW H  n³}”† Ç  ¬­<S5sgE<G]W\d‘œ‹diQe—w{G|VKn³°:OHPHPrMLQNG sNEYVsŽ  ¬ jVUWYXusNEYVs= P diQVUW
diW:sgG]ICG]Kh[Fd{sNE P  jLnhÅuG‹EYV|zLG`
K Ó GL` ¬ G = Ó S-VWYXsNEHGPHKgG]z:diMLO<QƒPrVK‡VUILK_VPHE„QgEHM[FQsgEYVUs7`Da K Ó JG4aŠ` K Ó ¬ JGgn
DFEHG]QNGd‘X’G]W:sgdisgdiG]Q
difP<w{asNEYVsHa
K Ó G® a ¬ G = ÓS5[FE<d‘eNE³ILdizLG]Qdid#œh[FEHG]W  ¬ jLnu FM[ˆQNOHPHPrMLQNG sNEYVs  j VUWYX
sgErVsD™ P diQƒVUW diW:sgGILG]K[Fd{sNE P  H nFÅuGhEYV|zLG GLK  ӄ ‚ Ó ¬  ‚ Ó GLK  ÒS*VWYXQNM=` K  = Ó GLK  ӄ`  K Ó ` K  = Ó  ‚ ÓS`  K Ó ¬
K Ó K Ó K Ó K Ó = = =
`  = ‚ Ó `  `  = GLK  = Ò `  n5›FG]WYe—G JG|‚  ¬†‚  G = Ó n!DFEHdiQFPHKgMzCG]QFd#œ]n
°:diWYe_G *Ӄ‚
K Ó (ÓS‚ ` ¬F` K Ó ‚ (ӄ`¬F‚ rÒLn,a YÒ (Ós‚
k ¬F‚ k *ÓS YÒI‚ j ¬ ` k k j j ¬ *ÓS‚Ò‚ j ¬ (ÓS‚ k ‚Ò¬
‚ k Ó ‚ Ò ¬ ‚ k a Ò Ó ¬Fa7‚ j Ò Ó ¬Fa Ò ‚ j Ó S!VWYX„QNM Ó ‚ j ¬ ‚ j Ó n}”†>R#¡ ‹ Â~VWYX Ó ‚ µ ¬ ‚ µ Ó S-sgEHG]W
‚ k ӂ µ = Ó ¬ Ó ‚ ‚ µ Ó ¬ Ó ‚ µ ‚
k ¬ ‚ µ Ó ‚ k ¬ ‚ µ ‚ k Ó ¬)‚ k ‚ µ = Ó Ó VWYX³QNM Ó ‚ µ = Ó ¬ ‚ µ = Ó Ó n
k =
›FGWYe_G„d{s†”MLwiwiM[FQc`:aŽdiWYX’OYe_sgdiMCWsNEYVs Ó ‚  ¬ ‚  Ó dŠ† <¿ ‹ Á<n?}”†BNP ª Ž  VKNG~PYMCQgdisgdizCG diW:sgGILG]KNQ VWrX #‹-P A …<S
ö#å2ÔY
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å!ó-Ô*ôÍæó2å†
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2ò?Ô!ó2ñ7 *æó-å æê
2ó-î *æ ý

JG|‚  ¬ ` 
K G = Ó Ó ` GLK Ó ` 
K G= Ó ‚ 3
 K G= Ó `
GLK Ó ¬ ` 
K G= Ó Ó‚ 3
 K G= Ó `
GLK Ó ¬ ` 3
K G= Ó ‚ 3
 K G= Ó Ó`
GLK Ó ¬ ‚ JG„Q|DFEHdiQ*PHKNMzLG]Q

did#œ]n
ÅuG~PHKNMzLG„did{d#œ`:a\diWYX:OYe_sNdiMLW?MCW  VWYX PNn¡ÅuG~EYV|zLG72 k rҎ¬ (Ó 2 k n¡}”†… +)P
VWYX'2 G rҎ¬ (Ó 2 G S sgEHG]W
‚ G 2 G Ó YÒ¬ 2 G YÒ¬ (Ó 2 G ¬ (Ós‚ G 2 G Ó¬ ‚ G *Ó 2 G ÓcVUWYX„EHG]WYe—G?2 G ÓrÒc¬ *Ó 2 G Ó|n
}ysh†MCw{wiM[FQ`‚ad{WrX:OYe_sNd{MCW
= = = = =
MLW†PsgEYVUs 2 G rÒ¬ *Ó 2 G d‰†DP  …Hn„}”†
j + + PhVUWYX 2 G  ¬  K Ó 2 G K S!Ó sNEHG]W 2 G = K ÓÓ  = Ó¬ 2 G = Óa
K Óa Ó¬
2 G = ÓIa  a¡¬'` 2 G a a  a ¬6` 2 G  aˆ¬ `  K Ó 2 G aˆ¬6`  K Ó?`>` 2 G a¡¬  2 G = Ónh}ys† MC= wiw{M[FQ
K Ó K Ó K Ó K Ó K Ó
`:adiWYX:Ore_sgdiMLWMLWc  sNEYVs32 G  ¬  K Ó 2  d‰†>j[+ B+#Pgn
D!MJ^YWHdiQgE‹sgEHG5P<KgM:M†HM†rd{did#œ]S_dis-KgG]fVdiWHQrsgM/QNEHM[usgErVs 2 G *Ó4¬ * 2 G d‰†(j[+#Pgn!°:diWYe_G *Ó4¬'2 Ò * 2FÒS2FÒ (Ó4¬ * 2FÒn
K Ó
°:OHP<PYMCQgGBP ¹ ‹ …
VWYX82 G (Ó>¬ * 2 G nJ°:diWYe_G2 G » ` ¬ 2 G Ó VUWYX *ӄ»
Ò
` ¬ ` rÒS2 G Ó rÒ/¬'2 G ` YÒF¬'2 G *ӄ`»¬ * 2 G `¹¬
Ò
= =
*2 G Ò Ó nJ£5OHs Ó 2 G = Ó ¬ 2 G = Ó Ò S<QgM2 G = Ó Ó 2 G = Ó ¬'2 G Ò Ó Ò ¬ *2 G Ò Ó VWYXEHGWYe_G2 G = Ó Ó ¬ *2 G = Ó n™}ysF†MCwiw{M[FQ
`:adiWYX:Ore_sgdiMLWsgEYVUs32 G Ó ¬ *2 5
= G d‰†>j[+#gP n = =
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Ò
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