Communications Systems II, Fourth stage- Lec.

11 2020-2021

11.1 Systematic cyclic code

(11.1)

(11.2)

(11.3)

(11.4)

Example 11.1

Construct a systematic (7,4) cyclic code using a generator polynomial (using

Example 11.4).

Solution

Dr. Hasanain A. Hasan – University of Misan / Department of Electrical Engineering

Communications Systems II, Fourth stage- Lec.11 2020-2021

(NOTE that the polynomial here is the reverse of the method used before e.g.
start from left and give it the higher order and so forth)

Hence, from Eq.(11.1)

Dr. Hasanain A. Hasan – University of Misan / Department of Electrical Engineering

Communications Systems II, Fourth stage- Lec.11 2020-2021

We could also have found the codeword directly by using Eq.(11.4). Thus, c(x)=

the manner (table below). This is quite tedious procedure. There is, however, a shortcut

so on.

Dr. Hasanain A. Hasan – University of Misan / Department of Electrical Engineering

Communications Systems II, Fourth stage- Lec.11 2020-2021

The table shows complete code. Note that 𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 the minimum distance between

Example 11.2

A (7,4) cyclic code generated by g(x) = 1 + X + 𝑋 3 . Find the codeword (using

systematic) for the data [d= 111].

Solution

Using Long-division
𝑋 𝑛−𝑘 𝑑(𝑥) 𝑋3 (1 + X + 𝑋2 ) (𝑋5 + 𝑋4 +𝑋3 ) 𝑋
= = = X + 𝑋2 +
𝑔(𝑥) 1 + X + 𝑋3 1 + X + 𝑋3 1 + X + 𝑋3
In order to find codeword

C(X) = 𝑋 3 (1 + X + 𝑋 2 )+ X
= 𝑋5 + 𝑋4 + 𝑋3 + 𝑋

and C = 0101110

Dr. Hasanain A. Hasan – University of Misan / Department of Electrical Engineering

Communications Systems II, Fourth stage- Lec.11 2020-2021

11.2 Encoder

generated code is described in Eqs.(12.1-12.4).It involves division 𝑋 𝑛−𝑘 𝑑(𝑥) by g(x) that can

gain gk are either 0 or 1. An encoding circuit with n-k shift registers is shown in Figure .below.
An

Figure 11.1 Encoder for systematic cyclic code.

11.3 Decoder

Dr. Hasanain A. Hasan – University of Misan / Department of Electrical Engineering

Communications Systems II, Fourth stage- Lec.11 2020-2021

error. For example, for the code in Ex.12.2, if r = 0110010, this code mean c=1110010

error. For any r, we compute the syndrome from Eq.11.6, and from the table we find
the corresponding correctable error e. Then we determine c = e ⨁ r as been explained
in the linear block coding.

Example 11.3

Construct the decoding table for the single-error correcting (7,4) code in table (used in
Example 11.2). Determine the data vectors transmitted for the following received
vectors r; (a) 1101101; (b) 0101000;(c) 0001100.

Dr. Hasanain A. Hasan – University of Misan / Department of Electrical Engineering

Communications Systems II, Fourth stage- Lec.11 2020-2021

the below Table).

Equation (11.6) or by simply applying the matrix product.

From the table, this gives e = 0001000, and

Dr. Hasanain A. Hasan – University of Misan / Department of Electrical Engineering

Communications Systems II, Fourth stage- Lec.11 2020-2021

Dr. Hasanain A. Hasan – University of Misan / Department of Electrical Engineering