MONOLITHIC STRUCTURE

1. FORMWORKS

1.1 . Materials

 C-Channel 75mm x 50mm x 1.5mm thick

 Wing Nut
 Shoring jack
 Phenolic board
 GI Pipe
 Connectors and clamp
 Tie rod 16mm diameter
 Shuttering oil

1.2 . Fabrication

 Panel System will be used as a formwok system, panels are made up of C-

channel 75mm x 50mm x 1.5mm thick for the framing and Phenolic board for
the covering. The dimension of one panel is 4ft wide by 8ft high, it’s just a size of
one sheet of a phenolic board. (Please see details attached.)
 Panels are combined and attached by the use of tie rod and wing nut. The
panels will be supported by the shoring jack and GI pipes

2. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT FOR CASTING

2.1 . Material

 Cement
- is adhesive and cohesive material which is capable of bonding
together particle of solid matter into a compact durable mass. The desired
strength of the concrete to be cast is 3000 psi. The designed mix is
1:1.5:3(cement:sand:coarse aggregate), by volume. The main consideration in
any concrete construction is to get durability and water tightness in addition to
strength. It is also very important to regulate the water cement ratio. Usual
water cement ratio is 0.40 to 0.45. With water reducing admixture it can be
reduced to 0.30.
  Aggregate
- is the material basically used as filler with binding material in the
production of mortar and concrete. They are derived from igneous, sedimentary
and metamorphic rock or manufactured from blast furnace slag. The aggregate
used in construction work should be dense, clean, hard, sound, durable, non-
absorbent and capable of developing good bond with mortar. Aggregate from
the body of the concrete reduce the shrinkage from the body of the concrete
reduce the shrinkage and effect economy. According to size aggregate are
mainly classified as :
a) Coarse Aggregate – 1 inch to 1.5 inch
b) Fine Aggregate - washed sand

 Water

- The purpose of using water with cement is to cause hydration of the

cement. Water in excess of that required for hydration act as a lubricant
between coarse and fine aggregate and produce a workable and economical
concrete.

 Admixture
- Admixture is defined as a material, other than cement, water and
aggregate, that is used as an ingredient of concrete and is added to the batch
immediately before or during mixing. It is used to enhance the property of
concrete. In monolithic we use plasticizer for easier pumping, greatly reduce
rebound, reduce shrinkage, increases air entraining, adds bond strength and
increase fluidity of concrete.

2.2 . Equipment

 Excavation Equipment

1. Shovel
2. Mattock
3. Wheeled excavator
4. Payloader

 Compaction Equipment

1. Tampers and vibrating plates

2. Vibratory rollers
3. METHOD OF MONOLITHIC STRUCTURE

3.1 Steps of monolithic construction

1. Excavation
2. Foundation
3. Reinforcement of super structure
4. Formwork
5. Casting of wall
6. Casting of slab
7. Curing