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The national and official language of the Philippines in Filipino and English.
Under Spanish colonial rule, Spanish was the country's official language for more than three
decades, and became the Philippines' lingua franca in the 19th and early 20th centuries. A
Spanish decree established compulsory education or universal education in 1863, which created
free public education in Spanish.
The use of Spanish declined gradually, especially after the 1940s, following the American
occupation of the Philippines and the imposition of English. English started to be taught in
schools during the U.S. occupation and civil regime. Public education used English as the
medium of instruction by 1901. Alongside Spanish, the 1935 Constitution incorporated English
as an official language. The First National Assembly founded the National Language Institute on
November 12, 1937. President Manuel L. Quezón has appointed Jaime C. De Veyra, a native
speaker of Waray, to chair a committee of speakers of other regional languages. Among the other
regional languages, their goal was to choose a national language. In the end, Tagalog was chosen
as the basic language, on the basis that it was the local language that was most commonly spoken
and produced.
The Tagalog language was renamed as Wikang Pambansa by President Manuel L. Quezón in
1939. Education Secretary Jose Romero further renamed the language in 1959 as Pilipino. The
1973 constitution, along with English, proclaimed the Pilipino language to be co-official and
mandated the creation or the development of a national language, to be known as Filipino.
Moreover, when President Marcos returned to power, Spain regained its official status. The 1987
Constitution establishes the country's official language as Filipino. The official languages are
Filipino and English, with the regional languages being regarded as auxiliary officials in their
respective regions.