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 KEEPING CRITICAL
ELECTRICAL ASSETS
IN SERVICE:
DANE MCGREEVY A Partial Discharge
Test Services Manager Technical Seminar
We are the recognised market leaders in on-line Partial Discharge (PD)
condition monitoring.

Our products and solutions keep High Voltage assets in-service.

This helps stay our clients’ people and their property safe, while saving
them money.

HVPD Ltd. | Who we are

 OIL & GAS INDUSTRIAL / POWER GENERATION HEAVY INDUSTRY
PRIVATE NETWORKS

TRANSMISSION & RENEWABLES MINING PULP & PAPER

DISTRIBUTION

HVPD Ltd. | Which industries do HVPD work in?

 Some of the region’s most
recognised brands trust us to
help keep their HV assets up and
running.

HVPD Ltd. | Some of our ‘local’ clients

 PERMANENT NETWORK
MONITORING
CPD-ACCREDITED
TRAINING COURSES
PERMANENT
SENSOR
INSTALLATION

CONTINUOUS NETWORK
MONITORING SERVICES ON-SITE 100kV
TEST FACILITY
OEM
ON-LINE PARTIAL
DIAGNOSTIC
TESTING

OFF-LINE PD & SITE

ACCEPTANCE
ENGINEERING
TESTING (SAT)
SITE SURVEYS

HVPD Ltd. | How Our Business is Shaped

What is Partial Discharge?
What is Partial Discharge?

A localised electrical discharge that only

partially bridges the insulation between
conductors, and which can or cannot
occur adjacent to a conductor.

- IEC60270 Definition

What is PD? | IEC 602070 Definition

Why monitor for PD?

PD activity is an indication of an incipient

fault in HV insulation and is widely regarded
as the best ‘early warning’ indicator of the
deterioration of high voltage insulation.

HVPD Ltd. | PD Monitoring

 CABLES SWITCHGEAR GENERATORS MOTORS

TRANSFORMERS OUTDOOR VSD MOTORS INSTRUMENT

SWITCHYARDS TRANSFORMERS

What is PD? | What can be tested/monitored?

 HOW PD IS HOW PD IS HOW PD IS
GENERATED DETECTED LOCATED

Poor design/manufacture Sensors attached to Pulse analysis, time of flight

or installation. detect electrical charge (TOF), cable PD mapping.
(HFCT, HVCC),
Contamination, 3rd party damage,
EM radiation (TEV) TDR ‘fingerprints’ assist in
external influences.
or acoustic waves (AA). cable PD locations.
Lack of maintenance / servicing.
Aging due to ‘TEAM’ stresses.

Where to Start | Detection & Location

 PD detection theory

HVPD Ltd. | Examples of PD / failures

Internal

Void in insulation Sharp, irregular surface on conductor Tree growth in insulation

External

Discharges from induced

‘Floating’ metalwork near Corona from sharp objects Surface
voltages onto sharp
conductors at high voltage discharges
points at ground

PD Detection Theory | The Seven Main Types of PD

 ENERGIES RELEASED DETECTION METHODS

Electrical Charge Capacitor/Inductive (HFCT)

Electromagnetic Wave TEV*, VHF/UHF Couplers
Optical Low-light/UV Cameras
PD Acoustic Wave Contact/Airborne Acoustic
Gaseous by-products Dissolved Gas Analysis
Chemical by-products Visual inspection
(such as white deposit
oxides)
Ozone Smell / Ozone Detector

* Transient Earth Voltage

PD Detection Theory | PD Energy and Detection Methods
INTERNAL DISCHARGES CAN BE CAUSED BY VOIDS, CAVITIES,
DELAMINATIONS IN SOLID OR LIQUID INSULATION.

ELECTRICAL TREES FORM FROM THESE VOIDS

PD Examples | Internal MV Cable Discharges & Electrical Trees

PD Examples | Insufficient Mastic Around 33kV XLPE Cable Joint/Splice
PD Examples | Over Greasing of Dry-Type 11kV Transformers’ Delta Bar During Maintenance
PD Examples | Surface Discharges on 24 kV Cable Elbow Termination
SURFACE DISCHARGE CAUSED BY HIGH HUMIDITY IN 33 kV CABLE
TERMINATION BOX.

PD DETECTED USING TEV SENSOR ON OUTSIDE OF SWITCHGEAR CABLE BOX.

PD Examples | Surface Discharge on 33 kV Cable Termination

  INCEPTED FROM SHARP POINTS ON HV CONDUCTORS
 ALSO POSSIBLE FROM SHARP POINTS ON METALWORK AT GROUND
POTENTIAL

PD Examples | Corona Discharge on 275 kV Transmission Line Insulator String

PD Examples | Corona Discharge on 400 kV Arcing Horn
SAFETY OUTAGE BREAK COSTS

33kV solid-insulated switchgear (1960s), UK HV stator winding on critical 11kV pump motor

Drivers for PD Programmes | Key Drivers

Drivers for PD Programmes | Spot Test vs Continuous Monitoring
PD in Switchgear
 Initiation of PD activity

Other PD in cavities, or
PD in air gap between PD at sharp points on PD at high-stress regions on surfaces due to
bushings and spout connectors etc. on polymeric components manufacturing error or
contamination

Effects of PD activity

Degradation of Ozone and audible effects

Production of nitric acid Condensation initiating
hydrophobicity of of PD (small until tracking
and Cu nitrates - verdigris tracking sites
polymeric surfaces starts)

Tracking
Rust and severe chemical
Bulk erosion of polymer in Large production of ozone
attack, with large Fast growth of tracks from
tracks near high stress and easily audible
production of nitric acid & HV to earth.
conductors discharges
contaminants

FLASHOVER → FAILURE

Failures | Air insulated Switchgear Failures

TEV SIGNALS EMERGE ON OUTER SURFACES AT GAPS IN THE METAL HOUSING

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

 CAN BE FITTED ON-LINE  CAN BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO EXTERNAL NOISE

 CAN BE DIFFICULT TO ATTACH CLOSE

BUSHINGS/GASKETS ON HV TRANSFORMERS

High Voltage busbars

Transformer Housing

Partial discharge site

HVPD Ltd. | TEV Sensor

PD SENSORS FOR METAL CLAD SWITCHGEAR

TRANSIENT EARTH
AIRBORNE ACOUSTIC
VOLTAGE (TEV)
PROBE

HIGH FREQUENCY LINEARPLEX

CURRENT ACOUSTIC SENSOR
TRANSFORMER (HFCT)

HVPD Ltd. | Online PD Sensors For Monitoring Switchgear

HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester

HVPD Ltd. | Locating PD in Switchgear

PD in cables
 Corona at metal contacts
Electrical charge RF Electromagnetic radiation
Acoustic Ultraviolet
Ozone

Discharges on insulator surface

Electrical charge RF Electromagnetic radiation
Acoustic Ultraviolet
Ozone

Partial discharge in termination insulation system

Electrical charge RF Electromagnetic radiation (local)
Acoustic (local)

Partial discharge in cable insulation or joint

Electrical charge RF Electromagnetic radiation (local)
Acoustic (local)

PD Detection | Energies for Different Points in Cable System

  CABLE PD IS MEASURED IN TERMS
OF CHARGE IN PICOCOULOMBS (pC)

 ALSO NOTE: NO. OF PD

PULSES/POWER CYCLE AND
CUMULATIVE PD ACTIVITY (THIS IS
MEASURED IN nC/cycle)

THE PD MAGNITUDE (IN pC) IS THE AREA UNDER THE

PULSE, q.
THIS CAN BE CALCULATED FROM THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OF THE HFCT PD SENSOR USING THE HFCT’S TRANSFER
IMPEDANCE, ZTR , IN THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:

PD Measurement Theory
PD in Transformers
HVPD Ltd. | Sensor Options for Transformers
 ADVANTAGES
 Can be installed online.

 Good coupling to PD signals.

 Identification source phases.

DISADVANTAGES
 Not applicable when windings are bus-
fed (though can be attached to
transformer earth connection).

 Not suitable for solidly bonded and

shorting links terminations.

HVPD Ltd. | HFCT Sensor

 ADVANTAGES
 Good coupling to PD signals.

 Identification source phases.

DISADVANTAGES
 Susceptible to noise from HV connection.

 Not possible to install online.

HVPD Ltd. | Bushing Tap Adaptor

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Good noise immunity.  Not all drain-valves are suitable.

 Drain valve can be installed online.  Hatch-type couplers require an outage

to install.
 Possible to triangulate signals from multiple
sensors for location in tank.

HVPD Ltd. | UHF Couplers

PD in Rotating Machines
 INTERNAL DISCHARGES
CROSS-SECTION OF A STATOR WINDING (SLOT SECTION)

FROM INSIDE TO OUTSIDE

 TURN INSULATION DEFECT  VOID/DELAMINATION NEAR THE
 VOID/DELAMINATION BETWEEN STATOR CORE
CONDUCTOR AND THE MAIN INSULATION  SLOT DISCHARGES (VARIOUS
 VOID/DELAMINATION IN THE MAIN VERSIONS AND STAGES)
INSULATION

Stator Winding Defects | Internal Discharges

 END-WINDING DISCHARGES
CROSS-SECTION OF A STATOR WINDING (END-WINDING SECTION)

Stator Winding Defects | End-winding Discharges

DAMAGE FROM SLOT
DISCHARGES

END-WINDING
DETERIORATION DUE TO
INADEQUATE STRESS
CONTROL

Examples of Insulations Deterioration

SURFACE TRACKING
AND TREEING

POOR STRESS CONTROL

AND INADEQUATE
CLEARANCES

Examples of Insulations Deterioration

10 kV MOTOR USING HVPD’S REMOTE MONITORING SOLUTION
- INTERNAL DELAMINATION FROM SLOT SECTION IN MAIN INSULATION

Where to Start | Example Phase Resolved PD Pattern / Heat Map from HVPD Kronos®
Where to start?
HVPD’s solutions
 IDENTIFY - DETECTION

 SIMPLE HANDHELD DETECTORS, GIVE PDS Insight 2

INDICATION IF PD DETECTED AND ITS LEVEL

 LOCATE - DIAGNOSTIC

 MORE ADVANCED DETECTOR, OFTEN WITH pC HVPD Kronos® Spot Tester

SOFTWARE
 MORE INFORMATION – TYPE OF PD, LOCATIONS

 MONITOR - PORTABLE MONITORING HVPD Kronos® Portable

 SHORT TERM MONITORING TO GET BETTER

INDICATION OF ANY PD VARIATIONS

 MANAGE - PERMANENT HVPD Kronos® Permanent

 CRITICAL EQUIPMENT IN THE NETWORK

 CONTINUOUS INDICATION OF CONDITION

HVPD Ltd. | HVPD’s Condition Monitoring Solutions

 HVPD Kronos® monitor

Channels 4, 6 or 24 – up to 6 synchronous channels

Assets Suitability Cables, Switchgear, Transformers, Rotating Machines, VSD Machines

Sensors HFCT, TEV, TB3, BTA, HVCC, AA, UHF

Fixings Permanent

Full network integration into SCADA systems via Modbus over TCP/IP. Other
SCADA Integration?
protocols are available on request.

Ex/ATEX ATEX EEX-D IIB T5 IP66 for zones 1 and 2

Software HVPD Kronos® Software / HVPD Kronos® Web View (with local server)

Noise rejection Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) Pattern

Equipment| HVPD Kronos® monitors

 Sensor Image Coupling Method Primary Applications

High Frequency Current

Rotating Machines / Power Cables /
Transformer Inductive
Transformers
(Ferrite-Cored)

Smart-TB3 Wideband Sensor

(Ferrite-Cored) Inductive Rotating Machines & VSD
*A World First in OLPD Testing*

High Voltage Coupling

Capacitive Rotating Machines
Capacitor

UHF Barrier Sensor - GIS

Transient Earth
Capacitive Switchgear / Cable Terminations
Voltage

Airborne Acoustic Acoustic Switchgear / Cable Terminations

Transformer Bushing Tap Inductive Transformers

HVPD Ltd. | HVPD’s Online PD Sensor Range

 1 80 pF HV Coupling Capacitor
500 pF HV Coupling Capacitor
0.9
High Current Ferrite HFCT
0.8
High Current Rogowski Coil
0.7 PD Pulse Spectrum
Normalised Gain

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Frequency (MHz)

Where to Start | Phase 1 – Sensors – Frequency Response

 Homepage – All sites Full Networks
HVPD KRONOS® WEB VIEW
FEATURES
 Hierarchical, interactive user
interface meaning real-time PD trend
data from several sites can be
viewed on the same platform.
 Based on network single line
diagrams (SLD).
 Real-time PD trend data is displayed
in a clear and simple, color-coded
traffic light system.
 Asset criticality League Table helps
prioritise assets for remedial
maintenance.

Substation View Individual Asset Views

HVPD Ltd. | HVPD Kronos® WebView

Patents granted:

UK: 2509457 USA: 9,581,632 China: ZL201280056292.X

HVPD Ltd. | Complete Network Monitoring

 INSTALLED OUTSIDE ATEX AREA

SENSORS NOT DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO HV SYSTEM

COMPLETE MONITORING

ONE MONITOR FOR SEVERAL ASSETS

Benefits of this Solution

GIS
Failures | GIS Types of Defects
 UHF PD SENSORS FOR GIS
SENSOR POSITION INSTALLATION
 GIS BARRIER
HVPD
(SUPPORT, SPACER)
manufacture as

BARRIER
INSULATOR WITHOUT
standard
OUTER METAL
ARMATURE
PERMANENT

 CASTING APERTURE OF
GIS BARRIER
INSULATOR
 PRESSURE-SEALED
HVPD GLASS WINDOWS
manufacture as - OPTICAL
WINDOW

bespoke INSPECTION OF
ISOLATING
DISTANCE IN THE
DISCONNECTOR
- INSTALLATION
PURPOSES

HVPD Ltd. | HVPD Kronos® Permanent Monitor for GIS

OEM PRE-INSTALLED UHF PD SENSORS
SENSOR POSITION INSTALLATION

 EXISTING FLANGES
DISK

- MOUNTING
- EARTHING SWITCH
PERMANENT
INTEGRATED

 AUXILIARY
POTENTIAL GRADING
ELECTRODES IN
BARRIER INSULATOR

HVPD Ltd. | HVPD Kronos® Permanent Monitor for GIS

PATENT-PENDING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED
IN COLLABORATION WITH THE FORMER
STATOIL (NOW EQUINOR), AND GASSCO

PRESENTED AT THE PCIC EUROPE

CONFERENCE IN BERLIN, GERMANY, 2016

USES SMART-TB3™ TRIBAND SENSORS WITH

THE HVPD KRONOS MONITOR TO MONITOR PD
ACTIVITY WITH THE STATOR WINDINGS OF VSD
MOTORS

SMART-TB3™ sensors installed

at both ends of the cable

HVPD Ltd. | On-line PD Monitoring of VSD (Variable Speed Drives)

CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDY: OLPD TESTING AND FAULT
LOCATION ON 33 kV OFFSHORE WIND
TURBINE SUBSEA CABLES FROM AN OIL
PLATFORM
 OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION PLATFORM

OLPD TESTING ON THEIR OFFSHORE 33 kV NETWORK, INCLUDING THE 33 kV

SUBSEA EXPORT CABLE FROM 2 DEEP WATER EXPERIMENTAL OFFSHORE
WIND TURBINES TO A MAIN OIL PRODUCTION PLATFORM

TURBINE A WAS CONNECTED VIA A 1240 m CABLE AND TURBINE B VIA A

FURTHER 970 m, TO MAKE A TOTAL 33 kV CIRCUIT LENGTH OF 2210 m

Case Study | OLPD Testing & Fault Location on 33 kV Offshore Wind Turbine Subsea Cables
 OLPD TEST 1 WAS CARRIED OUT AT THE 33 kV GAS INSULATED
SWITCHBOARD (GIS) AT THE MAIN PRODUCTION PLATFORM USING THE
HVPD LONGSHOT™ TEST UNIT WITH A COMBINATION OF HFCT AND TEV
SENSORS ATTACHED TO EACH PHASE OF THE CABLE AT THE EARTHED
TERMINATIONS.

 THIS FIRST TEST MEASURED THE PD UP TO AND INCLUDING THE 33 kV RING

MAIN UNIT (RMU) LOCATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE TURBINE A TOWER,
1240 m AWAY.

 OLPD TEST 2 WAS THEN CARRIED OUT AT THE RMU AT TURBINE A TO

PINPOINT THE LOCATION OF THE PD SOURCE THAT WAS DETECTED IN OLPD
TEST 1, USING TDR PULSE TIMING MEASUREMENT.

Case Study | OLPD Testing & Fault Location on 33 kV Offshore Wind Turbine Subsea Cables
OLPD Test 1 | At 33 kV Switchgear on Platform
OLPD TEST 1 WAS CARRIED OUT AT THE 33 kV GIS ON THE MAIN PLATFORM.
THE RESULTS IN THE TABLE BELOW SHOW SIGNIFICANT ‘REMOTE’ PD ACTIVITY
(OF UP TO 6.33 nC) WAS DETECTED ON THE YELLOW PHASE OF THE 33 kV
CABLE FROM THE WIND TURBINE A PLATFORM.

OLPD Test 1 | Results

ON-LINE TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY (TDR)
TESTING USING LOW-VOLTAGE, ON-LINE PULSE
INJECTION VIA INDUCTIVE HFCT SENSORS WAS
CARRIED OUT ON THE 33 kV INCOMER CABLE FROM
THE WIND TURBINES.

PULSE TIMING MEASUREMENTS OF THE REFLECTIONS

OF THE INJECTED PULSES (FROM IMPEDANCE
CHANGES ALONG THE CIRCUIT) WAS THEN USED TO
PINPOINT ANY DISCHARGING SITES ALONG THE
CIRCUIT.

THESE TDR TESTS ALSO ENABLED THE RETURN PD

PULSE SPEED OF THE CABLE TO BE CALCULATED. IN
THIS CASE THE RPPS FOR THIS 33 kV CABLE WAS 92.1
m/µs.

OLPD Test 2 | Test at the Wind Turbine’s 33 kV Switchgear

OLPD TEST 2 WAS CARRIED OUT AT THE 33 kV RMU AT THE BASE OF THE WIND TURBINE A
PLATFORM USING HFCT SENSORS CONNECTED AROUND THE CABLE AND THE EARTH
RETURN OF EACH PHASE, AS SHOWN OPPOSITE. THIS TEST PINPOINTED THE SOURCE OF
THE PD TO A CABLE JOINT/SPLICE 26 m UP FROM THE RMU, 14 m FROM THE 33 kV
TRANSFORMER AT THE TOP OF THE TOWER, AS SHOWN BELOW.

OLPD Test 2 | Results

 OLPD TESTS 1 AND 2 DETECTED THEN PINPOINTED A
SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF PD ACTIVITY FROM A 33 kV CABLE
JOINT/SPLICE 14 m FROM THE 33 kV TRANSFORMER AT THE TOP
OF THE TURBINE A TOWER.

 THE 33 kV JOINT WAS REPLACED AND THE DIAGNOSTIC OLPD

TESTS CARRIED OUT AFTER REPLACEMENT SHOWED THE PD
SOURCE HAD BEEN REMOVED.

 FOR REMOTE, CRITICAL HV NETWORKS SUCH AS THIS

OFFSHORE PLATFORM IN THE UK NORTH SEA, HVPD
RECOMMEND THE INSTALLATION OF A PERMANENT HVPD
KRONOS® OLPD MONITORING TECHNOLOGY WITH EXPERT
OLPD MONITORING ENGINEERING SERVICE.

Conclusions and Recommendations

A SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF HVPD SURVEY
USING OUR TEST AND MONITORING TECHNOLOGY
PREVENTS IN-SERVICE FAILURE OF 11 kV
SWITCHGEAR PANELS.
 “
“ We need require cost-effective Condition Monitoring and failure prevention
strategies for a large number of ageing 11kV switchgear panels.

Air-insulated Failure could High Local

switchgear lead to arc PD levels
(11kV) flash 49dB

AIS

Condition Monitoring Solution | Mining Industry

OUR SOLUTION INOLVES THE FIRST THREE STAGES
OF OUR FOUR-PHASE ASSET MANAGEMENT
APPROACH TO OLPD MONITORING.

Condition Monitoring Solution | Mining Industry

PHASE 1 OF THE SOLUTION UTILISED A NUMBER OF PDS INSIGHT™
HANDHELD UNITS TO ROUTINELY SCREEN THE 11 KV SWITCHGEAR.

IF PD ACTIVITY IS DETECTED DURING THESE WALK-BY TESTS,

PHASE 2 - HVPD LONGSHOT™ DIAGNOSTIC TEST TECHNOLOGY
IS THEN DEPLOYED TO PINPOINT THE EXACT SOURCE OF THE PD.

IN THE EXAMPLE SHOWN, A SOURCE OF VERY HIGH ‘LOCAL PD’ OF

49DB WAS DETECTED FROM THE BACK OF PANEL 2.

Condition Monitoring Solution | Mining Industry

THESE HIGH LEVELS WERE A CAUSE FOR CONCERN, SO PHASE 3
- HVPD KRONOS® PORTABLE MONITOR TECHNOLOGY WAS DEPLOYED TO
ENSURE PD LEVELS DID NOT INCREASE FURTHER, WHICH WOULD POINT
TO A ‘TREND-TO-FAILURE’.

THE GRAPH BELOW SHOWS DATA FROM 19 DAYS OF CONTINUOUS

MONITORING OF PANEL 2 UP TO THE TIME OF OUTAGE FOR INSPECTION.

THIS CONFIRMED HIGH, PERSISTENT BUT STEADY LEVELS OF ‘LOCAL’ PD

ACTIVITY WITH NO UPWARDS TREND OBSERVED.

Condition Monitoring Solution | Mining Industry

AN OUTAGE OF THE SWITCHBOARD WAS ARRANGED
TO CARRY OUT A VISUAL INSPECTION OF THE 11 KV
CABLE BOX AND CT CHAMBER AND TO CARRY OUT
ANY REPAIRS NECESSARY.

THIS SHOWED SIGNIFICANT INSULATION DEGRADATION

WITH THE CAST EPOXY RESIN ‘RISER’ AND SYNTHETIC
RESIN-BONDEDPAPER (SRBP) BUSHINGS ON ALL
PHASES IN THE CT CHAMBER IN PANEL 2.

Condition Monitoring Solution | Results

 A VISUAL INSPECTION OF THE CT CHAMBER CONFIRMED SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION
OF INSULATION ON THE EPOXY RISERS ALL PHASES OF PANEL 2 WITH BOTH PARTIAL
DISCHARGE AND THERMAL RUNAWAY IDENTIFIED.

 THE DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF THE PD ACTIVITY IN THIS CASE PREVENTED A

COSTLY AND POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS ARC-FLASH FAILURE AND UNPLANNED
OUTAGE FOR THE MINING OPERATOR BY DIRECTING A PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE
INTERVENTION SUPPORTED BY HVPD’S OLPD TEST AND MONITORING TECHNOLOGY.

 HVPD STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT ANY REPAIRED HV PLANT IS RE-TESTED AFTER

BEING PUT BACK INTO A SERVICE, IN ORDER TO CONFIRM THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
THE REPAIRS MADE I.E. THEY ARE ‘PD-FREE’.

 AS THE 11 KV SUBSTATIONS ARE LOCATED AT REMOTE LOCATIONS, WITHOUT

COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE IN PLACE, THE HVPD KRONOS® PORTABLE
MONITOR IS PRESENTLY BEING MOVED BETWEEN SUBSTATIONS TO PROVIDE
SHORT-TERM MONITORING (TYPICALLY FOR PERIODS OF 2-4 WEEKS PER SITE).

Condition Monitoring Solution | Conclusions & Recommendations

CASE STUDY: OLPD MONITORING OF A
CRITICAL 275 kV TRANSFORMER LEADS TO
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE THROUGH EARLY
REPLACEMENT OF A FAULTY 275 kV BUSHING
 275/20 kV TRANSFORMER MONITORING
BACKGROUND
UTILITY NETWORK

THE CUSTOMER REQUIRED CONTINUOUS OLPD

MONITORING ACTIVITY WITHIN AN IN-SERVICE
275/20 kV, 225 MVA TRANSFORMER.

THE TRANSFORMER HAS A VERY HIGH CRITICALITY IN

THE HV NETWORK AS IT SUPPLIES A 150 MVAr HV
REACTOR BANK WITH A RESULTANT OUTAGE COST OF
AROUND £100K PER WEEK.

HVPD INSTALLED A PERMANENT MONITORING SYSTEM

WITH BUSHING TAP ADAPTORS AND TEV SENSORS TO
CONTINUOUSLY MONITOR THE PD ACTIVITY.

Case Study | OLPD Monitoring of a Critical 275/20 kV Transformer

 275/20 kV TRANSFORMER MONITORING
PD ACTIVITY

BEFORE BUSHING REPLACEMENT AFTER BUSHING REPLACEMENT

 VERY HIGH SIGNALS OF PD ACTIVITY WERE DETECTED ON THE YELLOW PHASE

 DUE TO HIGH RISK OF INSULATION FAILURE AND EXPLOSION OF THE BUSHING IT WAS
AGREED THAT THE BUSHING SHOULD BE REPLACED.

Case Study | OLPD Monitoring of a Critical 275/20 kV Transformer

 275/20 kV TRANSFORMER MONITORING
RECOMMENDATIONS

PEAK PD LEVEL OVER TIME BEFORE AND AFTER YELLOW PHASE 275 kV BUSHING REPLACEMENT
 THIS INTERVENTION AVOIDED AN INTERNAL FAILURE AND EXPLOSION OF THE TRANSFORMER
BUSHING THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN SERIOUS IN TERMS OF COST (OUTAGE COST OF £6.1M) AND ALSO
A HIGH SAFETY RISK (PORCELAIN ‘SHRAPNEL’).
 OLPD MONITORING AND TRENDING OF THE TRANSFORMER IS ONGOING AS PART OF AN OLPD
MONITORING SERVICE CONTRACT WHERE HVPD PROVIDE ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL SUPPORT, DATA
ANALYSIS AND REPORTING TO THE OWNER.

Case Study | OLPD Monitoring of a Critical 275/20 kV Transformer

CASE STUDY OLPD TESTING OF ‘DRY TYPE’ 11 kV
TRANSFORMERS WITH THE HANDHELD PARTIAL
DISCHARGE TEST UNIT FOR A UK PHARMACEUTICAL
MANUFACTURER.
OLPD TESTING OF 11 kV TRANSFORMER
BACKGROUND

UK PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURER

OLPD TESTING ON THEIR 11 kV

NETWORK, INCLUDING NUMEROUS
1.6 MVA, 2 MVA AND 2.5 MVA, 11 kV
AIR-COOLED, DRY-TYPE (RESIN)
TRANSFORMERS

THE NETWORK HAD BEEN IN SERVICE

FOR OVER 23 YEARS

OLPD SCREENING WITH THE HANDHELD

PDS AIR™ UNIT

Case Study | ‘Dry Type’ 11 kV Transformer

OLPD TESTING OF 11 kV TRANSFORMER
SCREENING WITH THE HANDHELD PDS AIR™ UNIT
 DURING THE OLPD SCREENING TESTS OF THE 11 kV DRY-TYPE
RESIN TRANSFORMERS WITH THE PDS AIR™ UNIT AND INDOOR
ACOUSTIC PROBE, ONE OF THE TRANSFORMERS WAS
MEASURED TO HAVE HIGH LEVELS OF AIRBORNE ACOUSTIC PD
ACTIVITY.
 A VISUAL INSPECTION (THROUGH THE PROTECTIVE GRILL OF
THE ENCLOSURE) REVEALED CLEAR SIGNS OF SURFACE
DISCHARGE AND TRACKING AT THE 11 kV BUSHING
CONNECTION OF THE TRANSFORMER AS SHOWN BELOW.
 THE TRANSFORMER WAS IMMEDIATELY REMOVED FROM
SERVICE AND REPLACED WITH A SPARE BASED ON A VERY
HIGH POTENTIAL OF FLASH-OVER AND/OR EXPLOSION.

Case Study | ‘Dry Type’ 11 kV Transformer

OLPD TESTING OF 11 kV TRANSFORMER
INSPECTION
 TRANSFORMER HAD BEEN IN SERVICE FOR 23 YEARS.
 VISUALLY INSPECTION 6-12 MONTHS EARLIER SHOWED
NO TRACKING DAMAGE.
 CAUSE OF THE PD ACTIVITY UNCERTAIN, POSSIBLY DUE
TO OVER/UNDER GREASING DURING PREVIOUS
REPLACEMENT OF THE DELTA BAR.

Case Study | ‘Dry Type’ 11 kV Transformer

OLPD TESTING OF 11 kV TRANSFORMER
RECOMMENDATIONS

 THE TRANSFORMER WAS KEPT IN MANUFACTURER-RECOMMENDED CONDITIONS,

INDOORS AND SPACE HEATED ,SO VARYING TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY WAS
LIMITED.

 IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THE TRANSFORMER’S DELTA BAR HAD PREVIOUSLY

BEEN REPLACED 1 YEAR PREVIOUSLY WITH NO VISUAL SIGNS OF PD IDENTIFIED.

 THROUGH THE REGULAR USE OF A SIMPLE HANDHELD OLPD DETECTOR THE

OPERATOR WAS ABLE TO AVOID A POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE FAULT, WITH SEVERE
SAFETY IMPLICATIONS AND ASSOCIATED UNPLANNED NETWORK OUTAGE.

 PART OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE OPERATOR WAS TO INCREASE THE

FREQUENCY OF THE PD SCREENING FROM EVERY 6 MONTHS TO EVERY 3 MONTHS.

Case Study | ‘Dry Type’ 11 kV Transformer

CASE STUDY: ONLINE MONITORING
OF A 250 MW GENERATOR
 80pF HVCC SENSORS

Case Study 4b | PD Monitoring an 15 kV Generator

 EXCITER PULSES: ‘NOISE’

PD PATTERN I - SLOT
SECTION PD + SLOT EXIT
SURFACE DISCHARGE

PD PATTERN II – INTERNAL
PD + SLOT EXIT SURFACE
DISCHARGE

Case Study 4b | PD Monitoring an 15 kV Generator

 NOISE PHASE PATTERN
AND EXCITER PULSE

HVPD Kronos Results | Noise and Exciter Pulses

 PD PHASE PATTERN AND PD PULSE
FROM DEEPER IN THE WINDINGS.
CAUSED BY DELAMINATION
BETWEEN THE CONDUCTOR
AND THE MAIN INSULATION.

HVPD Kronos Results | Phase Pattern 1

 LOCAL PD PHASE PATTERN
AND PD PULSE PRODUCED BY
GAP TYPE DISCHARGES
ORIGINATING NEAR
THE HVCC SENSORS

HVPD Kronos Results | Phase Pattern 2

 U PHASE PD TRENDLINE

U PHASE NOISE TRENDLINE - EXCITER PULSES

Results | Trendline Comparison

 OLPD
GT1 - Peak PD Condition
Activity
Phase (mV) Category
mV/Cycle)

U 142 655 Still Acceptable

V 25 402 Good
W 14 224 Good

Results
  LOW LEVELS OF OLPD ACTIVITY DETECTED ON PHASES V AND W

 HIGHER LEVELS OF OLPD ACTIVITY DETECTED ON U HOWEVER IS PLACED IN THE

‘STILL ACCEPTABLE’ CATEGORY

 HVPD KRONOS SYSTEM ABLE TO IDENTIFY PD AND NOISE SIGNALS FROM

DIFFERENT PD SOURCES IN THE GENERATOR

 CONTINUOUS MONITORING WITH PORTABLE OR PERMANENT SYSTEM SHOULD

BE CONSIDERED FOR CONTINUED ASSESSMENT OF THE GENERATOR CONDITION

Conclusions
WE SAVED OUR CLIENT OVER $12 MILLION USD BY DEVELOPING
NEW, PATENTED TECHNOLOGY TO MONITOR PARTIAL DISCHARGE.
OUR SOLUTION EXTENDED THE ASSET LIFE OF 100 10 kV MOTORS
WHICH WERE IN-SERVICE AT THEIR OIL REFINERY.
 “
“ We require a reliable 5 -year asset life extension of our 10 kV motors, including PD
monitoring of stator insulation - but without having to enter the hazardous gas zone.

100 x in-service 50% had reached 80°c ambient

10 kV motors their initial 20-year temperature
design life variance at-site
(-40°c - 40°c)

M
Reliable Asset Life Extension | Project Brief
 Part of Condition Reporting gives Allows client to
Based Maintenance insulation risk focus repairs
(CBM) Program. of all during scheduled
10 kV assets. downtime.

Reliable Asset Life Extension | Project Brief

 $12million USD
Deferred CAPEX
for 5 years

$60million USD Cost-Benefit Ratio

$2.3million USD
Potential CAPEX - $600k / motor 12/2.3 = 5.2 System cost & 5-year servicing
$12 million p.a over 5 years (or 23k per motor)

Cost-to-Benefit Ratio | Based on 20-year design life of 100 new 10 kV motors

 THANK YOU
ANY QUESTIONS?

JANUARY 2019
 More webinar coming up..
Singapore- Visit: www.cetm.com.sg under events
Malaysia- Visit: www.cetm.com.my under events

CETM Group of companies

Singapore- CE-Test & Measurement (S) Pte Ltd |Tel: 6292 5161 | Email: sales@cetm.com.sg
Malaysia- CETM Electrotest Sdn Bhd |Tel: +603 7987 8078 | Email: sales@cetm.com.my
CETM Singapore is approved Essential Service Provider by MTI.
Our Business is open as usual, as well as our Calibration Lab.

Thank you for joining us and hope to see you soon!

For any enquiries, feel free to contact us!

CETM Group of companies

Singapore- CE-Test & Measurement (S) Pte Ltd |Tel: 6292 5161 | Email: sales@cetm.com.sg
Malaysia- CETM Electrotest Sdn Bhd |Tel: +603 7987 8078 | Email: sales@cetm.com.my