Analyze: Normality Tests

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 Analyze: Normality Tests

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 Analyze: Normality Tests
FILE: ANALYZE-NORMALITY TESTS.MTW
Normality Test Method

Step 1: State the null and alternative hypotheses.

a. Ho : the data are Normally distributed
b. Ha: the data are not Normally distributed
Step 2: Use the appropriate graphical tool to evaluate the data; if sample sizes are small,
it will often be difficult to graphically evaluate normality.
Step 3: In MINITAB®: Stat > Basic Statistics > Normality Test
Step 4: Enter your data in the column(s).
Step 5: Select the columns containing the data.
Step 6: Choose the Anderson-Darling Normality test.
Step 7: Run the test.

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 Analyze: Normality Tests

Session Commands
Steps for Normality Test:
MINITAB®: Stat > Basic Statistics > Normality Test
 Variable: (Samples in Column: Population 1)
 Test for Normality: Anderson-Darling

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 Analyze: Normality Tests

Probability Plot

The Probability Plot is used to graphically display the probability that data may
be treated as normal. Points falling reasonably close to the reference line
indicate that the data follow a normal distribution. For the test:
 P-Value  a: Reject Ho
 P-Value > a: Fail to reject Ho
This example finds: 0.64 > 0.05 therefore, fail to reject the null hypothesis

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 Analyze: Normality Tests

Session Commands

MINITAB®: Stat > Basic Statistics > Graphical Summary

 Variables: Population 1
 Confidence level: 95.0

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 Analyze: Normality Tests
FILE: ANALYZE-NORMALITY TESTS.MTW

 EXERCISE
 Using the data supplied, determine if each sample is normally distributed.
 Can you predict the normality of the distribution from just looking at the numbers?

Steps for Normality Test

MINITAB®: Stat > Basic Statistics > Normality Test
 Variable: (Samples in Column)
 Test for Normality: Anderson-Darling

Optional Method:
MINITAB®: Stat > Basic Statistics > Graphical Summary
 Variables: Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
 Confidence level: 95.0

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

12.2 112.1 1710

19.5 99.8 1000

30.3
105.5 1050
22.2
104.2 1550
15.5
104.3 1100
28.4
104.2 1800
33.3
104.4 1138
40
104 2000
10.2
104.9 1300
25
94 1700
24.7
1600
16.6
1975 15 Minutes
28
1460
7.3
1835

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 Analyze: Normality Tests

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 Analyze: Test for Equal Variance

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 Analyze: Test for Equal Variance

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 Analyze: Test for Equal Variance

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 Analyze: Test for Equal Variance
Equal Variances (MINITAB®)

 If the normal probability plot or Anderson Darling Test indicates that you are dealing with
normally distributed data, then use Bartlett’s (or F) Test Statistic presented by
MINITAB®.
 If the data are not normally distributed, then use Levene’s Test Statistic presented by
MINITAB®.
MINITAB®: Stat > ANOVA > Test for Equal Variances
(for 2 or more variances)
Ho: s2pop1= s2pop2
Ha: s2pop1  s2pop2

MINITAB®: Stat > Basic Statistics > 2 Variances

(for 2 variances only)

Selecting the Test for Equal Variances under ANOVA requires the data be stacked in a
single column. When the data are stacked, this requires the use of an additional column to
identify the group to which each data value belongs.

Stacked Data

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group Data

X11 X21 X31 Group 1 X11

X12 X22 X32 Group 1 X12

X13 X23 X33 Group 1 X13

Group 2 X21

Group 2 X22

Group 2 X23

Group 3 X31

Group 3 X32

Group 3 X33

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 Analyze: Test for Equal Variance

Session Commands

First you must determine if the data are normally distributed.

MINITAB®: Stat > Basic Statistics > Normality Test
 Ho: Data are Normal
 Ha: Data are NOT Normal
P-value > alpha, Fail to reject Ho. Data are normal.
Several hypotheses tests make use of the condition of equal variances in the
groups of data. In the example above, the 2-Sample t-Test can be run
assuming equal variance or assuming unequal variances. In order to select
“Assume Equal Variances,” the variances must be tested.

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 Analyze: Test for Equal Variance

Session Commands

MINITAB®: Stat > Basic Statistics > 2 Variances

 Data: “Samples in different columns”
 First: “Process A”
 Second: “Process B”
 Graphs:
– Check: “Interval Plot”
– Check: “Box Plot”

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 Analyze: Test for Equal Variance

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 Analyze: Test for Equal Variance

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