Solutions for QAHO1002028

Solutions for questions 1 to 15: 7. (i) The number of straight lines formed with n points of ‘m’
which are collinear is nC2 – mC2 + 1.
1. (i) Consider five blanks __ __ __ __ __ . Required number of straight lines = 25C2 – 8C2 + 1
First blank can be filled with any one of the digits 1 to 6 = 273. Ans: (273)
in 6 ways. Since repetition is allowed, the remaining
(ii) The number of triangles formed with n points of which
blanks can be filled in 7 ways each.
‘m’ are collinear is nC3 – mC3
Hence, the total number of required numbers = 6 × 74.
Ans: (6 × 74)  25C3 – 8C3 = 2244. Ans: (2244)
(ii) Units place can be filled with any one of the digits (0, 2, 8. (i) We know that the number of diagonals of a ‘n’-
4, 6) in 4 ways. Ten thousands place can be filled with n(n−3)
any one of the digits 1 to 6 in 6 ways. Remaining three sided polygon is .
2
blanks can be filled in 7 ways each. 8(8−3)
Hence total numbers of even numbers = 6 × 73 × 4 Required number of diagonals = 2 = 20.
= 8232. Ans: (8232) Ans: (20)
(iii) Units place can be filled with any one of the digit 0 or 5
in 2 ways. Ten thousands place can be filled in 6 ways. (ii) The maximum number of points of intersection of
Remaining three blanks can be filled in 7 ways each. diagonals inside an ‘n’-sided polygon is nC4.
 Required number of numbers = 6 × 73 × 2 = 4116. Required number of points of intersection of diagonals
Ans: (4116) = 12C4 = 495. Ans: (495)

2. Each letter can be posted in 6 ways. 9. (i) The number of squares in 7 × 7 grid is 12 + 22 + 32 + 42
5 letters can be posted in 65 ways. Ans: (65)
+ 52 + 62 + 72 = 140. Ans: (140)
3. Each question can be attempted in 4 ways. (ii) The number of rectangles in 7 × 7 grid is 8c2 × 8c2
8 questions can be attempted in 48 ways. Ans: (48) = 28 × 28 = 784. Ans: (784)
(iii) The number of ways of the ant travelling from one
4. Consider seven blanks __ __ __ __ __ __ __
First blank can be filled with any one of the 8 letters in 8 corner to the diagonally opposite corner in the 7 × 7 grid
ways. = 14C7 = 3432. Ans: (3432)
Similarly second, third and fourth blank can be filled in 8
10. (i) The number of ways that six letters can be placed into
ways each. But 5th, 6th and 7th places can be filled each in
six envelopes in 6! ways. Ans: (6!)
only one way.
Required number of palindrome words = 8 × 8 × 8 × 8 × 1 (ii) In only one way the six letters are placed into six
× 1 × 1 = 84 Ans: (84) corresponding envelopes. Ans: (1)

5. (i) The number of words formed using all the letters of the (iii) If one letter is placed into a wrong envelope, then
9! another letter is also placed into a wrong envelope. So
word INSTITUTE is = 30240 Ans: (30240) a minimum of two letters are all placed into a wrong
3!2!
envelopes. Exactly one letter placed into wrong
(ii) Treat all Ts as one unit. Now we have 7 letters of which envelope is not possible. Required number of ways = 0.
two Is, rest are distinct. Ans: (0)
7!
Total number of words formed with those letters = . (iv) If five letters are placed into corresponding envelopes,
2!
= 2520 Ans: (2520) then the sixth letter is also be placed into corresponding
envelope. So, exactly five letters are placed into
(iii) The word contains 3Ts, 2Is and rest are distinct. corresponding envelopes is not possible. Required
The possible cases are given in the following table: ways = 0. Ans: (0)
(v) We know that if n letters are placed into n envelopes
Sl. Possibility Combination Arrangements randomly, the number of ways that no letters is placed
1. All are 6C = 20 20 × 3! into corresponding envelope is given by
3
1 1 1 1
distinct Dn = n! [ − + − ……]
2. Two letters 2C .5C = 10 3! 2! 3! 4! 5!
1 1 10 × 1 1 1 1 1
are identical 2! D6 = 6! [ − + − + ] = 265.
1 2! 3! 4! 5! 6!
3. Three letters C1 = 1 1 Ans: (265)
are
(vi) Out of six letters any two letters can be placed into
identical
corresponding envelopes in 6C2 ways. Now remaining
Total: 31 151
four letters not placed into their corresponding
envelopes is represented by D4 which is equal to 9.
The number of ways of selecting 3 letters from the given Required number of ways = 6C2 × 9 = 135.
word = 31. Ans: (135)
The number of three-letter words = 151. Ans: (151) 11. (i) Total number of books = 6 + 5 + 4 = 15.
At least one book can be selected from 15 books in 15C1
6. (i) Forty books are equally distributed to four students in + 15C2 ……..+ 15C15 ways = 215 – 1. Ans: (215 – 1)
40! 40!
ways. Ans: ( ) (ii) At least one Reasoning book can be selected in 6C1 +
10!10!10!10! 10!10!10!10!
6
C2 + ….+ 6C6 ways.
(ii) Forty books are equally distributed into four parcels in At least one Quant book can be selected in 5C1 + 5C2+
40! 40!
ways. Ans: ( ) ….+ 5C5 ways
10!10!10!10!4! 10!10!10!10!4!
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 At least one English can be selected in 4C1 + 4C2 + 4C3
+ 4C4 ways.
At least one book of each subject can be selected in
(26 – 1) (25 – 1) (24 – 1) ways = 29295. Ans: (29295)
12. (i) Reasoning books can be selected in 7 ways (0, 1, 2, . .
. . . , 6 books)
Quant books can be selected in 6 ways (0, 1, 2, . . . . 5).
English books can be selected in 5 ways (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)
The number of ways that at least one book is selected
= 7 × 6 × 5 – 1 = 209. Ans: (209)
(ii) Reasoning books can be selected in 6 ways (1, 2, . . .6),
Quant books can be selected in 5 ways (1, 2, . . . . . 5),
English books can be selected in 4 ways (1, 2, 3, 4).
The number of ways of selecting at least one book of
each subject = 6 × 5 × 4 = 120. Ans: (120)
13. (i) The number of positive integral solutions for the
equation x1 + x2 …..+ xk = n is n–1Ck–1.
The number of positive integral solutions for the
equation x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 15 is 15–1C5–1 = 14C4 = 1001.
Ans: (1001)
The number of non-negative integral solutions for the
equation x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 12 is 12+5–1C 5–1 = 16C4
=1820. Ans: (1820)
(iii) Let the four students be S1, S2, S3, S4.
We distribute 9 balls to 4 students such that each
student receives at least one ball, this is same as the
possible positive integral solutions for the equation S1 +
S2 + S3 + S4 = 9  9 – 1C4 – 1
= 8C3 = 56 ways. Ans: (56)
14. The alphabetical order of the given word is A, E, R, T.
The number of words formed which are begin with A and E
is 3! each.
The next word is RAET →1
The next word is RATE →1
Rank of the word RATE = 2 × 3! + 1 + 1 = 14. Ans: (14)
15. The sum of the four-digit numbers that are formed using the
digits a, b, c, d without repetition is 3! (1111) (a + b + c + d).
Required sum = 3! (1111) (2 + 3 + 4 + 5) = 93324.
Ans: (93324)

(ii) The number of non-negative integral solutions for the

equation x1 + x2 …..+ xk = n is n+k–1 Ck–1.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE

Solutions for questions 1 to 5: 3. We know that in any expansion, the sum of the exponents of
all the variables in each term equals the exponent of that
1. (i) All the letters and all the boxes are non- identical, so expansion.
each letter can be posted in 4 ways. The sum of the exponents of a, b and c must be equal to
Five letters can be posted in 45 ways. Ans: (45) 15. This is same as the number of non-negative integral
solutions of the equation x1 + x2 + x3 = 15
(ii) Since the boxes are identical, so we can group the 5  i.e. 15+3–1C3–1 = 17C2 = 136. Ans: (136)
letters into four boxes; so there is no need to arrange
the boxes. 4. The possibilities are given in the following table:
The possibilities:
SI. Possibility Combinations
B1 B2 B3 B4 Possibilities 5!
1. 6, 6, 6, 6, 1 =5
4!
5 0 0 0 5C
5
5!
2. 6, 6, 6, 5, 2 = 20
4 1 0 0 5
C4 1C1 3!

5C 2C 5!
3 2 0 0 3 2 3. 6, 6, 6, 4, 3 = 20
3!
5
C3 2C1 1C1
3 1 1 0 2! 5!
4. 6, 6, 5, 5, 3 = 30
5
C2 3C2 1C1 2!2!
2 2 1 0 2!
5!
5
C1 4C1 3C1 2C2 5. 6, 6, 5, 4, 4 = 30
1 1 1 2 3!
2!2!
5!
6. 6, 5, 5, 5, 4 = 20
Required number of ways = 1 + 5 + 10 + 10 + 15 + 10 = 51. 3!
Ans: (51)
7. 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 =1
(iii) Boxes are non-identical and letters are identical, so we
can distribute the five letters into four boxes; this is  Required possibilities = 5 + 20 + 20 + 30 + 30 + 20 + 1
same as the number of non-negative integral solutions = 126. Ans: (126)
of the equation.
b1 + b2 + b3 + b4 = 5  5+4–1C4–1 = 8C3 = 56. 5. (i) Total number of doted points = 15
Ans: (56) The number of straight lines formed
= 15C2 – 6C2 – 6C2 – 6C2 + 3
(iv) Since the boxes as well as well as the letters are = 105 – 3(15) + 3 = 63. Ans: (63)
identical, the required number of ways = 6. (ii) The number of triangles formed
Ans: (6) = 15C3 – 6C3 – 6C3 – 6C3
= 455 – 3(20) = 395. Ans: (395)
2. abc =105 = 3 × 5 × 7.
Three numbers 3, 5, 7 are distributed such that the product (iii) The number of ways an ant can go from P to R is 8C4
of the three numbers is 105. This is same as the number of = 70.
ways in which 3 letters are posted in 3 boxes. The number of ways an ant can go from P to R via
 Required number of solutions = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27. Q = 4C2 × 4C2 = 36.
Ans: (27)  Required number of ways = 70 – 36 = 34.
Ans: (34)

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