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Hi-Potential Test.... : Winding Resistance...
Hi-Potential Test.... : Winding Resistance...
Q. hi-pot test is limited times test,we should not do for more times, why?
A. As we do it many times ,the properties of insulation medium changes and life time decreases.But
for bus bars insulation medium is air so we can do any times as air changes generally but consider
about supporting structures.
Q. Why we applying AC voltage for bus bar, but in case of cable we can apply DC voltageonly?
A. The distance between the phases is some what high so capacitance between phases are low,so they
will take very low charging currents ,so no problem of capacitance.
PROCEDURE:
WINDING RESISTANCE....
Q.What is the need of doing winding resistance test?
A. For different types of CT 's we have different secondary resistance values which are specified
on name plate details.It will mainly depend upon burden to be connected to CT and knee point voltage
of CT.
Q.Can this test done by multi meter? or should we use any kit?
A. We can do by using multi meter because CT winding resistance is some what higher somulti
meter probe resistance will not effect so much. For better values we can use 1amp winding resistance
kit also.
PROCEDURE:
1. Isolate secondary of CT from any other winding.
2. By using multi meter measure winding resistance.
3. Repeat the same for different taps if it has tappings.
INSULATION RESISTANCE...
Q. What is the need of doing this test?
A. We all know the winding in transformer (either primary or secondary) should be isolated from the
ground and primary and secondary winding should be connected magnetically but notelectrically.
so transformer should maintain some insulation from ground and other winding, and also CT should
maintain insulation between cores(in case of multi core CTs).
always apply 500v for secondary to earth and core to core .
Q. Why we should only apply only 500v ?
A.The secondary circuit of CT was designed to withstand only low voltages up to 500 volts.If we apply
high voltages it will destroy (insulation problem).
PROCEDURE :
Remove all external connections before conducting the test.
1. Connect the positive lead of megger to primary conductor and negative lead to
earth,apply megger voltage for one minute and note down the reading.
2. Connect the positive lead of megger to secondary winding and negative lead to
earth,apply megger voltage for one minute and note down the reading.
3. Connect the positive lead of megger to primary conductor and negative lead secondary
winding,apply 500 voltage for one minute and note down the reading.
4. Connect the positive lead of megger to core 1 and negative lead remaining cores, one by
one (in case of multi core CT),apply 500 voltage for one minute and note down thereading.
Q. We are using separate kit for finding resistance instead of using multi meter,why?
A. By using multi meter we cannot get prescribed value in micro ohms and we know that
winding resistance value is vary low so multi meter probe wires resistance also added into
winding resistsnce of transformer.
7.
8. by using multi meter we are applying voltage and so that current is flowing,so we are
finding resistance.
9. But by using TRM (transformer winding resistance) kit we are injecting DC current and
measuring voltage drop across only winding (in this case probes will not included) voltage.so by
dividing voltage with current internally we will get DC winding resistance,in order to get
AC resistance we should multiply with factor 1.6 (because of skin effect) .
10.
11.
12. voltage leads should be inside current leads should be out side.....
13. Q. what will happen if those leads are inter changed?
14. A. Value we get is not exactly correct,because for low resistance measurement ammeter-
voltmeter method is suitable (having low loss in meter).For measuring high
resistancevoltmeter-ammeter method is suitable. As we are measuring low values it is
advisable to connect voltage leads inside the current leads.
15. Q. Why we should do this test at last?
16. A. We are injecting 10 - 100 milli amps,so the core will be in magnetization mode after doing
the test for some time,so remaining test results will not be accurate.
17.
18. PROCEDURE:
19. 1.Remove all external connection before conducting test.
20. 2.Connect the all wires of kit as per above diagram and connect the grounding wires also.
21. 3.Inject the 10 milli amps with kit.
22. 4.Apply for one minute.
23. 5.Note down the resistance value shown by kit.
24. 6.Discharge the charge in winding through kit or to ground by using external earthing rod.
25.
26. what we got the value is DC resistance,multiply with factor 1.6 to get AC resistance....
27.
PROCEDURE:
PROCEDURE OF TESTING...
650V 500V DC
1.1KV 1KV DC
3.3KV 2.5KV DC
Resistance is measured between the Line and Earth terminals, where current will travel through coil 1. The
“Guard” terminal is provided for special testing situations where one resistance must be isolated from
another. Let’s us check one situation where the insulation resistance is to be tested in a two-wire cable.
To measure insulation resistance from a conductor to the outside of the cable, we need to connect the “Line”
lead of the megger to one of the conductors and connect the “Earth” lead of the megger to a wire wrapped around
the sheath of the cable.
In this configuration the Megger should read the resistance between one conductor and the outside sheath.
We want to measure Resistance between Conductor- 2To Sheaths but Actually Megger measure resistance
in parallel with the series combination of conductor-to-conductor resistance (Rc1-c2) and the first conductor to the
sheath (Rc1-s).
If we don’t care about this fact, we can proceed with the test as configured. If we desire to measure only the
resistance between the second conductor and the sheath (Rc2-s), then we need to use the megger’s “Guard”
terminal.
Connecting the “Guard” terminal to the first conductor places the two conductors at almost equal
potential. With little or no voltage between them, the insulation resistance is nearly infinite, and thus there will be
no currentbetween the two conductors. Consequently, the Megger’s resistance indication will be based
exclusively on the current through the second conductor’s insulation, through the cable sheath, and to the wire
wrapped around, not the current leaking through the first conductor’s insulation.
The guard terminal (if fitted) acts as a shunt to remove the connected element from the measurement. In
other words, it allows you to be selective in evaluating certain specific components in a large piece of electrical
equipment. For example consider a two core cable with a sheath. As the diagram below shows there are three
resistances to be considered.
If we measure between core B and sheath without a connection to the guard terminal some current will pass
from B to A and from A to the sheath. Our measurement would be low. By connecting the guard terminal to A the
two cable cores will be at very nearly the same potential and thus the shunting effect is eliminated.
(1) IR Values For Electrical Apparatus & Systems:
(PEARL Standard / NETA MTS-1997 Table 10.1)
Windings are never left floating for insulation resistance measurements. Solidly grounded winding must have
the ground removed in order to measure the insulation resistance of the winding grounded. If the ground cannot
be removed, as in the case of some windings with solidly grounded neutrals, the insulation resistance of the
winding cannot be measured. Treat it as part of the grounded section of the circuit.
We need to test winding to winding and winding to ground ( E ).For three phase transformers, We need to
test winding ( L1,L2,L3 ) with substitute Earthing for Delta transformer or winding ( L1,L2,L3 ) with earthing ( E )
and neutral ( N ) for wye transformers.
Where C= 1.5 for Oil filled T/C with Oil Tank, 30 for Oil filled T/C without Oil Tank or Dry Type T/C.
O O
C F Correction Factor
0 32 0.25
5 41 0.36
10 50 0.50
15 59 0.720
20 68 1.00
30 86 1.98
40 104 3.95
50 122 7.85
Example: For 1600KVA, 20KV/400V,Three Phase Transformer
IR Value at HV Side= (1.5 x 20000) / √ 1600 =16000 / 40 = 750 MΩ at 200C
IR Value at LV Side = (1.5 x 400 ) / √ 1600= 320 / 40 = 15 MΩ at 200C
IR Value at 300C =15X1.98= 29.7 MΩ
Insulation Resistance of Transformer Coil
Transformer Megger Size Min.IR Value Liquid Filled T/C Min.IR Value Dry Type T/C
Coil Voltage
IR Value of Transformers:
Voltage Test Voltage (DC) LV side Test Voltage (DC) HV side Min IR Value
IR Value in MΩ
IR (Min) = kV+1 For most windings made before about 1970, all field windings, and others not
described below
IR (Min) = 100 MΩ For most dc armature and ac windings built after about 1970 (form wound
coils)
IR (Min) = 5 MΩ For most machines with random -wound stator coils and form-wound coils
rated below 1kV
250V 500V DC 25 MΩ
New Motor 20 MΩ
New Motor 2 MΩ
11kV and 33kV Cables between Cores and Earth (As per ETSA Standard)
EHVLines. 5 KV 10MΩ
Switchgear LV Bus 20 MΩ 10 MΩ
LV wiring 5 MΩ 0.5 MΩ
HV 100 MΩ 25 MΩ
Transformer Dry Type
LV 10 MΩ 2 MΩ
Main Circuit 2 MΩ / KV
Circuit Breaker
Control Circuit 5MΩ
LT Circuit-Earth 50MΩ
Relay
LT-D.C Circuit 40MΩ
LT-LT 70MΩ
The IR tests must be carried out between Phase-Phase-Neutral-Earth with a minimum acceptable value for
each test of 0.5 M Ohms.
Min IR Value = 50 MΩ / No of Electrical outlet. (All Electrical Points with fitting & Plugs).
Min IR Value = 100 MΩ / No of Electrical outlet. (All Electrical Points without fitting & Plugs).
Required Precautions:
Electronic equipment like electronic fluorescent starter switches, touch switches, dimmer switches, power
controllers, delay timers could be damaged by the application of the high test voltage should be disconnected.
Capacitors and indicator or pilot lamps must be disconnected or an inaccurate test reading will result.
Where any equipment is disconnected for testing purposes, it must be subjected to its own insulation test,
using a voltage which is not likely to result in damage. The result must conform with that specified in the British
Standard concerned, or be at least 0.5 M Ohms if there is no Standard.