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O-LEVEL- BIOLOGY-5090-1-PAPER-1
SR.NO YEAR. SESSION DESCRIPTION VARIANT PAGE.NO.
1. 2002 OCT/NOV PAPER 1
2. 2002 OCT/NOV M-SCHEME 1
3. 2003 MAY/JUN PAPER 1
4. 2003 MAY/JUN E-REPORT 1
8. 2004 MAY/JUN M-SCHEME 1
33. 2010 MAY/JUN PAPER 12 DELETED
34. 2010 MAY/JUN M-SCHEME 12 DELETED
O-LEVEL- BIOLOGY-5090-1-PAPER-1
SR.NO YEAR. SESSION DESCRIPTION VARIANT PAGE.NO.
O-L-BIOLOGY-P-01-5090-01
5090/1
BIOLOGY
PAPER 1 Multiple Choice OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2002
1 hour
1 Which structures are found in animal cells and in plant cells?

A cell membrane and chloroplasts C cell wall and chloroplasts
B cell membrane and nucleus D cell wall and nucleus
2 The photomicrograph shows some human blood cells.
magnification = × 900
What is the function of these cells?

A transport of amino acids C transport of oxygen
B transport of glucose D transport of water
3 The diagram shows two plant cells, X and Y.
Cell X has a higher water potential than cell Y. Y
In which direction and by what process will water move between these two cells?
direction process
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A X to Y active transport
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B X to Y osmosis
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C Y to X active transport
D Y to X osmosis
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4 Which statement about enzymes is correct?

A They are all proteins.
B They are changed by the chemical reactions they control.
C They are destroyed by temperatures below 10 °C.
D They are found only in the alimentary canal.
5 Four test-tubes are set up as shown.
5 drops of hydrochloric acid added to tubes 1, 2 and 3
1 2 3 4
1 cm3 1 cm3 1 cm3 1 cm3

distilled boiled protease protease
water protease
2 cm3 cloudy suspension of egg-white

All four tubes are then placed in a water-bath at 37 °C for 20 minutes.
What is the result?
tube number
1 2 3 4
A clear clear clear clear
B clear cloudy cloudy clear
C cloudy cloudy clear cloudy
D cloudy clear cloudy clear
6 The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis in a pea plant in an atmosphere containing 0.04%
carbon dioxide at different light intensities.
At which point on the graph is carbon dioxide concentration a limiting factor?
A B C D
rate of
photosynthesis
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light intensity
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7 For which processes do plants need either nitrate ions or magnesium ions?
synthesis of synthesis of synthesis of

cellulose chlorophyll proteins
A ✓ ✓ ✓
B ✓ ✓ ✗ key
C ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ needed
D ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ not needed
8 A geranium plant has leaves that are green in the centre but white around the edges.
The plant is destarched and then has one of its leaves partly covered with black paper on both
sides of the leaf, as shown.
black paper
white area of leaf
green area of leaf
The plant is placed in bright light for 48 hours. The leaf is then tested for starch.
Which diagram correctly shows the areas that contain starch?
A B
B
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C
C D
D
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9 Where is lipase produced, and into which part of the intestine is it secreted?
produced in secreted into
A liver duodenum
B liver ileum
C pancreas duodenum
D pancreas ileum
10 Which dietary imbalance does not lead to the health problem stated?
dietary imbalance health problem
A lack of fresh fruit constipation and scurvy
B lack of milk and cod liver oil rickets and diarrhoea
C too many sweets and cakes anaemia and rickets
D too much full-fat cheese and fried food chronic heart disease
11 What are the functions of the colon?
water absorbed enzymes secreted
A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes
12 The table shows the results of an investigation into the absorption of products of digestion in the
presence and absence of oxygen.
product of absorption in the presence absorption in the absence

digestion of oxygen / arbitrary units of oxygen / arbitrary units
amino acids 5.3 1.7
fatty acids 1.9 2.0
glucose 6.4 2.3
glycerol 4.8 4.7
Which conclusion can be drawn from these results?

A All products of digestion are absorbed by both active transport and diffusion.
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C Amino acids and glucose are absorbed by active transport only.

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D Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed mainly by diffusion.
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13 The diagram shows cells in part of a green plant.

Which region contains cells that are responsible for the transport of water?
14 Which conditions will increase the transpiration rate of a plant?
temperature humidity
A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low
15 The table shows features of some blood vessels.

Which is the pulmonary artery?
feature
muscle direction of blood
lumen blood
layer flow
A thick narrow away from the heart deoxygenated

B thick wide away from the heart oxygenated
C thin narrow towards the heart oxygenated
D thin wide towards the heart deoxygenated
16 Blood samples from three veins in the body were tested for the concentration of oxygen, carbon
dioxide and urea. The results, in arbitrary units, are shown in the table.
oxygen carbon dioxide urea
vein
concentration concentration concentration
1 40 48 1.5
2 40 48 7.5
3 90 40 4.0
The blood from which veins was sampled?
hepatic pulmonary renal
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A 1 2 3
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B 2 3 1
C 3 1 2
D 3 2 1
[Turn over
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17 What happens during anaerobic respiration in muscles?
carbon dioxide
oxygen used water produced
produced
A no no no
B no yes yes
C yes no yes
D yes yes no
18 Which process does not require energy?
A contraction of muscles
B synthesis of proteins
C tissue respiration
D transmission of nerve impulses
19 The table shows the percentage composition of four samples of air.
Which sample could have been breathed out by a person after vigorous exercise?
sample oxygen carbon dioxide water vapour
A 16 0.3 saturated
B 16 4 saturated
C 21 0.03 trace
D 21 3 trace
20 What happens to blood as it passes through a kidney machine?
A Carbon dioxide is removed.

B Glucose is added.
C Oxygen is added.
D Urea is removed.
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21 What happens to the arterioles near the surface of the skin when the body temperature rises?
A They absorb oxygen from the surrounding tissues.
B They dilate and become wider.
C They move nearer the skin surface.
D They take in water from the surrounding tissues.
22 The diagram shows the main muscles and bones of the arm.
What happens when muscle X contracts?
A The lower arm is extended.

B The lower arm is raised.
C The upper arm is raised.
D The whole arm rotates.
X
23 In what way is carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke harmful?

A It causes emphysema.
B It causes lung cancer.
C It combines with haemoglobin.
D It kills the cells lining the trachea.
24 The diagram shows part of the nervous system, including a reflex arc. It has been cut at X.
X
bee
A bee stings a finger, as shown.

What are the effects of this sting?
pain felt arm moved
A no no
B no yes
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D yes yes
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25 The urine of a person suffering from diabetes mellitus is likely to contain an abnormal amount of
A amino acids.
B fatty acids.
C glucose.
D urea.
26 In a nerve pathway, the following events take place.
1. activation of muscle
2. activation of receptor
3. passage of impulses along a motor neurone
4. passage of impulses along a sensory neurone
What is the correct order of these events?
first last
A 2 3 4 1
B 2 4 3 1
C 4 1 3 2
D 4 2 1 3
27 In a food chain, which trophic level has the most energy passing through it?
A carnivores
B decomposers
C herbivores
D producers
28 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.
Where in the cycle is there a food chain?
atmospheric carbon dioxide A

D
carbon in decomposers C carbon in plants

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29 The diagram represents the flow of energy in an ecosystem during one year.
Which box represents the largest total mass of living organisms?
energy from the Sun
30 Which process does not result in the return of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
A combustion of fossil fuels

B decomposition of humus
C photosynthesis by green plants
D respiration by bacteria
31 Which method of control would not be effective against the spread of the malarial parasite?
A drainage of swamps and marshes

B isolation of infected people
C sewage treatment and disposal under cover
D spraying walls of houses with insecticide
32 During a growing season, one half of a field was treated with selective weedkiller, while the other
half was left untreated. The table shows the numbers of four common weeds in each half of the
field at the beginning and at the end of the season.
Which weed was best controlled by the weedkiller?
untreated part of field treated part of field

weed beginning of end of beginning of end of
season season season season
8
A 75 70 65 60
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B 480 490 515 25

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C 20 25 25 20
D 100 90 95 220
33 The diagram shows a potato plant reproducing asexually by tubers.
soil
surface
tuber
Four observations were made about the potato plant.
1. There is one parent plant.

2. The tubers are attached to the parent.
3. The tubers are genetically identical to the parent.
4. The tubers store food.
Which of these observations describe asexual reproduction?
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
34 When is ovulation most likely to occur?
A about halfway between the start of one menstruation and the next
B at the start of menstruation
C 1-5 days before the start of menstruation
D 5-10 days after the start of menstruation
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35 The diagram shows the 28 days of the menstrual cycle.
When does the lining of the uterus break down?
27 28 1 2
26 3
25 4
24 5
23 6
22 7
D B
21 8
20 9
19 10
18 11
17 12
16 15 14 13
36 Four jars containing seeds were set up at room temperature, as shown.
1 2 3 4
seeds
chemical to damp dry chemical to damp damp

absorb cotton cotton absorb cotton cotton
oxygen wool wool carbon dioxide wool wool
In which two jars is germination most likely to occur?
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4
37 Which statement about sperm cells is correct?

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A They contain either one X or one Y chromosome.

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B They contain one X chromosome.

C They contain one Y chromosome.
D They contain two X chromosomes. [Turn over
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38 The bar charts show the percentages of a human population with each type of blood group and
the percentages of a cattle population with and without horns.
80 80 without
60 60 horns
with
% group % horns
population 40 group O population 40
A group
20 group 20
B
AB
0 0
human blood groups cattle
Which type of variation is shown in each population?
human cattle
A continuous continuous
B continuous discontinuous
C discontinuous continuous
D discontinuous discontinuous
39 A variety of snail has an inherited condition that affects the thickness of the shell.
St St have thick shells.

St Sn have thin shells.
Sn Sn do not survive.
Two heterozygous snails are mated.

What is the probability that a surviving snail of the next generation is a heterozygote?
A 0.00 B 0.25 C 0.50 D 0.67

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40 Polydactyly is a rare condition that causes the development of extra fingers. This condition is
caused by a dominant allele.
The diagram shows the inheritance of polydactyly in a family.
male female
polydactyly
normal fingers
person
X
What is the probability that children of person X will inherit polydactyly from him?
A 0.00
B 0.25
C 0.50
D 1.00
Paper 5090/01
Paper 1 - Multiple Choice
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 B 21 B
2 C 22 A
3 B 23 C
4 A 24 A
5 C 25 C
6 D 26 B
7 D 27 D
8 B 28 B
9 C 29 A
10 C 30 C
11 C 31 C
12 D 32 B
13 C 33 A
14 B 34 A
15 A 35 A
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19 B 39 D
20 D 40 A
5090/1O/N/02
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
BIOLOGY
Paper 1 Multiple Choice
5090/01
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet May/June 2003
Soft clean eraser 50 minutes
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)
1 The diagram shows a cell.
2
Which numbers show the parts named?
cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm

3
A 1 2 3
B 1 2 4
4
C 2 1 3
D 2 1 4
2 The arrows show the movement of salts into a cell.

low salt concentration in soil water
high salt concentration
Which describes the movement of the salts?

A active transport against the concentration gradient
B active transport down the concentration gradient
C diffusion against the concentration gradient
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3 Cylinders of potato tissue were placed in different concentrations of a sugar solution. The graph
shows the percentage change in length of the cylinders of potato tissue.
10 4
8
6
4
% change in
length 2
0
–2
–4
–6
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
concentration of sugar solution / mol
Which solution has the same water potential as the potato tissue?
A 0.0 mol B 0.2 mol C 0.3 mol D 0.5 mol
4 As a seed begins to germinate, it uses enzymes to speed up the rate of

A digestion.
B osmosis.
C photosynthesis.
D transpiration.
5 The diagram shows a cross-section of a leaf.

1
3
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3
Where in the leaf does gaseous exchange occur?

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A 1 and 2
03
B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4
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6 The graph shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air surrounding a plant measured over
24 hours.
concentration X
of carbon
dioxide / %
0.04
0
0 12 24
time / hours
Which explains the carbon dioxide concentration at time X?
light intensity plant process
A darkness respiration
B darkness transpiration
C daylight photosynthesis
D daylight respiration
7 The diagram shows an experiment to find out whether carbon dioxide is needed for
photosynthesis.
glass cover light
plant
soda lime
(to remove carbon dioxide)
15 °C
Which is the most suitable control for this experiment?
A B C D
light light light black cover
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25 °C 15 °C 15 °C 15 °C
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a substance soda lime

to remove
oxygen
5090/01/M/J/03 [Turn over
8 Where in the alimentary canal is most water absorbed?

A colon B ileum C oesophagus D stomach
9 Which food would be best for a person suffering from anaemia?
food iron / mg per calcium / mg vitamin C / mg vitamin D / mg

per 100 g per 100 g per 100 g per 100 g
of food of food of food of food
A bananas 0.4 7 10 0
B fish 0.4 28 0 6.38
C lentils 7.6 39 0 0
D milk 0.1 120 0.5 0.002
10 The diagram shows the arrangement of teeth in the human jaw.
4
3 3
2 2
1 1
Which types of teeth are found in the numbered parts of the jaw?
1 2 3 4
A molar premolar canine incisor

B molar premolar incisor canine
C premolar molar canine incisor
D premolar molar incisor canine
11 Milk produces a red precipitate when heated with Benedict’s solution.

A purple colour develops when the biuret test is used on milk.
Using these results only, which nutrients does milk contain?
A fat and protein
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C reducing sugar and protein

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D reducing sugar and starch
12 The diagrams show a plant in a flask of water. It is left for six hours on a warm and windy day in
bright sunshine.
diagram 1 diagram 2
cotton
wool
layer
of oil 6 hours
water
326.75g 321.75g
balance
Which process explains the result shown in diagram 2?
A active transport of water into the root hairs

B evaporation of water from the flask
C photosynthesis in the leaves of the plant
D transpiration from the leaves of the plant
13 The diagram shows a section of a stem.
Which tissue transports sugars and amino acids from the leaves to other parts of the plant?
A
B
C
D
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14 When the skin is cut the blood forms clots.
In which order would the components of the blood become involved?
first last
A fibrin platelet red blood cell fibrinogen

B fibrinogen red blood cell platelet fibrin
C platelet fibrin fibrinogen red blood cell
D platelet fibrinogen fibrin red blood cell
15 The diagram shows the human circulatory system.
Which arrow is the hepatic portal vein?
head and arms
A
heart
C
B
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16 The diagram shows part of a tissue. The arrows show movement of fluids.
At which point is the pressure highest?
lymph vessel
D
B
A
capillary
capillary
tissue cells
17 The table shows movements involved in breathing.
Which describes the movements involved in breathing out?
movement of ribs movement of diaphragm
A down and in downwards

B down and in upwards
C up and out downwards
D up and out upwards
18 What are some of the end products and effects of anaerobic respiration in muscle?
A carbon dioxide and muscle contraction
B ethanol and loss of coordination
C lactic acid and oxygen debt
D water and muscle relaxation
19 The diagram shows a section through an alveolus and an associated blood capillary.
In which part is the concentration of carbon dioxide highest?
blood returns
wall of alveolus
to the heart
capillary red blood cells

wall
blood from A
heart
B
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20 The diagram shows a cross-section through the arm of a human.
skin
muscles
bone
muscle
What is the name of the bone?

A humerus B radius C scapula D ulna
21 The diagram shows the flow of blood and dialysis fluid through a kidney machine.
dialysis
fluid in Y
blood
vein X
artery
blood
W
dialysis
Z
fluid out
Where would the concentration of urea be highest?
A W and X B X and Y C Y and Z D Z and W

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22 The diagram shows some of the features of human skin.
hair
hair erector muscle
temperature nerve endings

receptor
information to brain information from brain
Which part of the brain co-ordinates the information labelled in the diagram?
A cerebrum
B cerebellum
C hypothalamus
D medulla
23 What effects would an increase in adrenaline have on the body?
concentration of concentration of
glycogen in the liver glucose in the blood
A decrease increase
B increase increase
C no effect decrease
D increase no effect
24 What causes emphysema?
A blockage of the bronchioles

B destruction of the alveolar walls
8
C inflammation of the walls of the airways

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D overproduction of mucus
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25 Which combination of responses in the skin shows that temperature receptors are being
stimulated by cold conditions?
hair erector arterioles to

muscles surface capillaries
A contract dilate
B relax constrict
C contract constrict
D relax dilate
26 A light of varying intensity was shone into a person’s eye for 50 seconds.
The graph shows changes in pupil size as the light intensity was changed.
10
diameter of 6
pupil / mm
4
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time / seconds
Which statement explains the change in pupil size?
A The light slowly became brighter.

B The light suddenly became brighter.
C The light slowly became dimmer.
D The light suddenly became dimmer.
27 What benefit does yeast gain from carrying out fermentation?
A carbon dioxide is available for photosynthesis

B energy is available for growth
C ethanol is available for growth
8
D glucose is available for respiration

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28 The diagram shows some animals and green plants sealed in an aquarium.
glass plate
air tight seal
water fleas
What must be supplied to keep the organisms alive for the longest possible time?
A carbon dioxide
B light energy
C nitrates
D oxygen
29 The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for the food chain: grass → zebra → lion.
lion
zebra
grass
Which process causes loss of biomass from this food chain?
A digestion
B growth
C photosynthesis
D respiration
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30 The diagram shows the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
3 4
primary secondary
Sun producers
1 consumers 2 consumers
Which arrows represent the smallest amount of energy transferred between organisms, and the
largest amount of energy lost to the ecosystem?
smallest energy transfer largest energy loss
A 1 3
B 1 4
C 2 3
D 2 4
31 What is true for the mosquito and the malarial parasite?
mosquito malarial parasite
A host vector
B pathogen host
C pathogen vector
D vector pathogen
32 The diagram shows a food web.

buzzard level P
hedgehog thrush level Q
caterpillar slug snail pigeon rabbit level R
cabbage level S
Which levels represent carnivores?
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C Q and R
D R and S
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33 The diagram shows some stages in the nitrogen cycle.

Which arrow represents the action of decomposers?
nitrates nitrites
B
A atmospheric
nitrogen
C
D ammonium
plant protein compounds
34 The diagram shows a cross-section through the carpel of a flower just before fertilisation.
5
4
3
Where are the male and female gametes just before fertilisation?
male gamete female gamete
A 1 5
B 1 4
C 2 4
D 3 5
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35 The diagram shows a developing fetus.
Where does gaseous exchange between mother and fetus occur?
C
A
B
36 In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilisation occur?
A ovary B oviduct C uterus D vagina
37 Which of the following are genetically identical?
A brothers and sisters in the same family

B cuttings taken from the same plant
C gametes from the same parent
D seeds produced by the same tree
38 Which blood group genotype is homozygous dominant?
A IA IO
B IA IB
C IB IB
D IO IO
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39 Two heterozygotes are crossed. Some of the offspring show the recessive characteristic.
What is the probability that the offspring that show the recessive characteristic are homozygous?
A 0.00
B 0.25
C 0.5
D 1.00
40 The chart shows the inheritance of coat colour in mice. The allele for brown coat, B, is dominant to
the allele for white coat, b.
key
brown male
brown female
white male
P white female
What are the most likely genotypes of the individuals P and Q?
P Q
A BB BB
B BB Bb
C Bb BB
D Bb Bb
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5090/01/M/J/03
5090 Biology June 2003
GCE Ordinary Level
Paper 5090/01
Paper 1 – Multiple Choice
General comments
Candidates showed a good level of knowledge in the exam. Questions which needed two stages of thought
caused more problems, but discriminated well (e.g. Question 7). There were signs that the later parts of the
exam needed more attention than the beginning and it must again be stressed that every word of the stem
and all the information given must be considered before choosing the response e.g. Questions 39 and 40.
The advice – “Read the question” is still fundamental.
Comments on specific questions
Questions 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 32, 36 and 37 mainly required knowledge and proved
easy.
Question 2
Minerals move from low to high concentrations, so the process must be active.
Question 3
Studying the axes shows that no length change occurs at 0.3 mol, which must therefore be the cells’ water
potential.
Question 4
Germinating seeds do not normally photosynthesise.
Question 5
Stomata are well understood, but very little gas exchange occurs through the thick cuticle waxy shown in the
diagram.
Question 6
Since the CO2 concentration is rising, the plant cannot be photosynthesising, so it must be in darkness.
Question 7
The experiment is investigating the need for CO2. All the distractors were popular. Option A shows the
effect of the glass dome, B the effect of O2 and D the effect of light.
Question 8
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Question 13
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Option C is the xylem, which transports water, not sugars and amino acids
2
Question 14
Fibrinogen is the precursor of fibrin and red cells stick to the fibrin network, so D is the only possible correct
sequence.
Question 16
Fluid only flows from high pressure to low, so the capillary pressure must be the highest in the diagram,
although all the pressures are much lower than in an artery, which is not shown.
Question 17
When breathing out, the diaphragm rises.
Question 19
Since CO2 diffuses from the capillary to the air space in the alveolus, there must be a concentration gradient
and the CO2 level must fall as the blood flows past.
Question 20
This is an original diagram, but since there is only one bone shown, it must be the humerus. This was well
deduced by most candidates.
Question 22
The diagram shows temperature information, so the hypothalamus is the coordinator.
Question 23
Adrenalin increases the blood glucose, but fewer candidates knew that the glycogen level must consequently
fall.
Question 25
The stem refers to cold and most candidates knew that the hair erector muscles must contract, but too many
did not realise that the surface capillaries must get smaller, thus avoiding some heat loss.
Question 26
The graph shows the pupil diameter increasing with time, so the light must be getting dimmer, slowly.
Question 27
Respiration is a process that releases energy making it available to the organism. The CO2 is a waste
product and cannot be used, since yeast does not photosynthesise. Option D was too popular, but is not an
answer to the question, since fermentation and respiration are the same process in this situation.
Question 28
Option D was popular, but although the animals will need oxygen, the plants, if illuminated, (option B) will
provide food for the whole food chain.
Question 29
Biomass is lost due to CO2 and H2O lost from respiration (option D), mainly from the grass. Digestion unlinks
monomers from polymers – e.g. starch to maltose – but no mass is lost. Candidates choosing option A may
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In the scheme shown, far more energy is lost from producers than secondary consumers.
3
Question 31
The malarial parasite reproduces sexually in one of its hosts – the mosquito, although this knowledge is
beyond the syllabus and is not required, since the vector is definitely the mosquito, so D must be the key.
Question 33
Decomposers use dead and decaying organisms as food and produce ammonium compounds. Converting
nitrate ions to nitrogen gas (option B) cannot be the key, although it was a popular error.
Question 34
The stem refers to “just before fertilisation”. Although pollen carries the male gametes (option A) they move
down the pollen tube and are delivered to label 3.
Question 35
Option D labels the chorion, not the placenta (option C ). Option A – the umbilical chord – is essential to the
exchange of gases, but is not the site of gas exchange.
Question 38
Option D is homozygous, but the IO allele is recessive.
Question 39
This is a deceptively simple question and most candidates misread the stem, chosing option B, but the stem
refers to only the recessive offspring. All of them must be homozygous – probability of 1.00 – or the
recessive phenotype will not be seen.
Question 40
Since Q has some white offspring, he must be heterozygous. P has four brown and no white offspring, so is
“most likely” – the phrase in the stem – to be homozygous dominant.
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BIOLOGY Paper 1 Multiple Choice 5090/01 October/November 2003
1 Which shows the increasing level of complexity in plants?
simplest most complex

A cell chloroplast organ tissue
B cell tissue chloroplast organ
C chloroplast cell tissue organ
D chloroplast organ tissue cell
2 Four strips are cut from a fresh potato. The length of each strip is measured. One strip is placed in
water, the others in different concentrations of sugar solution.
After an hour, the strips are measured again. The results are shown in the table.
Which liquid is water?
original final
liquid length of strip length of strip
/ mm / mm
A 75 75
B 78 85
C 82 80
D 86 87
3 The table shows the concentration of a substance inside and outside four different cells.
Which cell would need the most energy to absorb the substance by active transport?
concentration concentration
cell (arbitrary units) (arbitrary units)
inside cell outside cell
A 3 6
B 3 9
C 6 3
D 9 3
4 Which processes can take place in a root hair cell when oxygen is not available?
8
A active transport only

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B diffusion only
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C active transport and osmosis

D diffusion and osmosis
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5 The graph shows the effect of temperature on a chemical reaction which is controlled by enzymes.
At which point are most product molecules being released?
speed (rate) D
of reaction
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
temperature / ºC
6 Starch is digested to maltose by the enzyme amylase.
According to the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis, which is the ‘key’ and which is the ‘lock’?
‘key’ ‘lock’
A amylase maltose
B amylase starch
C starch amylase
D starch maltose
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7 The diagram shows cells in fresh blood, after the blood is diluted with a liquid.
Which statement describes the liquid?
A The water potential of the liquid is equal to that of pure water.

B The water potential of the liquid is equal to that of the cytoplasm.
C The water potential of the liquid is higher than that of the cytoplasm.
D The water potential of the liquid is lower than that of the cytoplasm.
8 The graph shows the oxygen released and taken up by a tree during a 24 hour period.
oxygen
released
X
by tree
0
midday midnight
oxygen
taken up
by tree
Which statement describes the situation at point X?
A Respiration begins.
B Photosynthesis stops.
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C The rate of respiration is equal to the rate of photosynthesis.

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D The rate of respiration is greater than the rate of photosynthesis.

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9 A variegated plant is destarched. One leaf is then partly covered with a black paper strip on both
sides and exposed to light for several hours.
chlorophyll absent
chlorophyll
The leaf is then tested for starch. What is the result?
A B C D
Key
starch present
10 Sunflower seeds contain a nutrient which is broken down by lipase during germination.
Which test would detect this nutrient?
A Benedict’s test
B biuret test
C ethanol emulsion test
D iodine test
11 A person’s diet contains more protein than is needed for growth and repair.
This causes increased production of
A carbon dioxide.
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B hormones.
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C sweat.
D urea.
12 The diagram shows four types of teeth and a human jaw.
W X Y Z
4
3 3
2 2
1 1
Which teeth are found in the numbered positions?
1 2 3 4
A Y Z W X
B Y Z X W
C Z Y W X
D Z Y X W
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13 A plant is left in the hot sun for six hours.
hot sun
for six hours
The diagram shows how the appearance of the plant changes during this time.
Which statement explains the change in appearance of the plant?
A More water is lost by transpiration than is absorbed.

B Stomata have closed.
C The water potential of the cells has increased.
D There is less support provided by the xylem.
14 The cell sap of a root hair cell has a higher concentration of nitrates than the surrounding soil.
Which feature of the cell stops these nitrates moving back from the cell to the soil?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C large surface area
D water potential gradient
15 The table shows the characteristics of the blood in one blood vessel in the body.
oxygen carbon dioxide

pressure
high low high
Which blood vessel contains blood with these characteristics?
A aorta
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B pulmonary artery
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C pulmonary vein
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D vena cava
16 The diagram shows the main components of human blood.
Which component cannot function effectively if a person’s diet lacks iron?
B
A
magnification × 100
17 Which sequence of structures does an oxygen molecule pass through as it is taken into the body?
first last
A larynx → trachea → bronchioles → capillaries
B trachea → larynx → bronchioles → capillaries
C larynx → trachea → capillaries → bronchioles
D trachea → larynx → capillaries → bronchioles
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18 The diagram shows apparatus used to investigate respiration.
thermometer coloured oil droplet
graduated scale
germinating peas
wire mesh
water
sodium hydroxide
(to absorb carbon dioxide)
What can be measured using this apparatus?

A carbon dioxide released
B heat energy released
C oxygen released
D oxygen used
19 Which occur during breathing out?
volume of thorax air pressure in lungs

A decreases increases
B decreases remains constant
C increases increases
D increases remains constant
20 The diagrams show two stages in weightlifting.

stage 1 stage 2
What are the actions of the muscles and elbow joints in moving from stage 1 to stage 2?
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A contract relax move in 1 plane

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B contract relax rotate

C relax contract move in 1 plane
D relax contract rotate [Turn over
21 When the external temperature drops, the following changes may take place in the human body.
1 body temperature falls

2 body temperature rises
3 brain detects cooler blood
4 shivering begins
In which order do they occur?
first last
A 1 3 4 2
B 1 4 3 2
C 3 2 4 1
D 3 4 2 1
22 A child is frightened by a loud noise and shouts for help.
In which order are the different types of neurone involved in this response?
involved first involved last

A motor neurone relay neurone sensory neurone
B motor neurone sensory neurone relay neurone
C sensory neurone motor neurone relay neurone
D sensory neurone relay neurone motor neurone
23 The diagram shows a section of the brain.

Which part produces hormones?
D C
24 Which changes take place in the iris of the eye when a person moves quickly from darkness into
bright light?
circular muscles radial muscles

diameter of pupil
of the iris of the iris
A contract relax increases
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B contract relax decreases

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C relax contract decreases

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D relax contract increases
25 The diagram represents the amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next.
Sun
producer consumer consumer

1000 kJ 200 kJ X kJ
What is the likely value of X?
A 200 kJ
B 100 kJ
C 20 kJ
D 2 kJ
26 Which aspect of behaviour is correctly linked with the health risks in the table?
key
✓ = risk
✗ = not at risk
health risk
aspect of
behaviour lung liver contracting
emphysema HIV/AIDS
cancer damage syphilis
A drinking too ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
much alcohol
B having many ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓
sexual partners
C injecting heroin ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
D smoking ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗
cigarettes
27 Which feature of the life history of a female mosquito makes it an effective vector of malaria?
A It has three pairs of legs.

B It has wings.
C It lays eggs in water.
D It mates frequently.
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28 The diagram shows how energy from food is used by a wildebeest.
What percentage of this energy is available to consumers and decomposers?
heat radiation
8 units
breath growth and

26 units repair 4 units
urine waste
materials
faeces 62 units
food
100 units of energy
A 100 B 96 C 66 D 4
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29 The diagram shows part of a food web.
eagle fox badger
ladybird thrush hedgehog
aphid caterpillar snail slug
tree
Which is a pyramid of numbers based on this food web?
A B
C D
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carbon dioxide
decay in atmosphere photosynthesis
animal
respiration
carbon compounds carbon compounds
in decomposers in plants
feeding
carbon compounds
in animals
Which process converts most carbon from one form to another?
A animal respiration
B decay
C feeding
D photosynthesis
31 Which is the most direct way that the carbon in starch stored in cereal grain can return to the
atmosphere as carbon dioxide?
A Grain is destroyed by fire during storage.

B Grain is eaten by birds.
C Grain is made into bread and eaten by humans.
D Grain stored in damp conditions goes mouldy and decay.
32 Which processes occur during the carbon cycle?
carbon compounds carbon compounds

absorbed by living excreted by living
organisms organisms
A yes yes
B yes no
C no yes
D no no
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33 The population sizes of four different species of insect were monitored over a period of 40 years.
The results are shown on the graph.
Which species is in the greatest danger of extinction?
20 000
population A
B
10 000
1955 1965 1975 1985 1995
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34 The diagram shows the development of a pollen tube and its entry into the ovule.
Which part develops into the testa after fertilisation?
pollen grain pollen grain
35 The graph shows the changes in dry mass of a whole germinating seed, the cotyledons of the
same seed, and the plumule and radicle of the seed.
dry mass/ g
Z X
0 2 4 6 8 10
time from planting / days
What do the three curves, X, Y and Z, represent?
dry mass of
dry mass of dry mass of plumule and
whole seed cotyledons radicle
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C Z X Y
D Z Y X
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36 The diagram shows the female reproductive system.
3 1
In which parts are the eggs and the zygote formed?
eggs zygote
A 1 2
B 1 3
C 2 1
D 2 3
37 The diagram shows the male reproductive system and part of the urinary system.
Which part is the prostate gland?
38 How many chromosomes are there in a zygote which develops into a Down’s syndrome baby?
A 23
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B 24
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D 47
39 A study was made of children whose mothers were blood group O (genotype IOIO) and whose
fathers were blood group AB (genotype IAIB).
Which statement about their children is correct?
A All will have the same blood group.

B 50% will have the same blood group as their mother.
C 50% will have the same blood group as their father.
D None will have the same blood group as either parent.
40 Two heterozygous plants are crossed.
What is the ratio of homozygous genotypes to heterozygous genotypes amongst the offspring?
homozygous heterozygous
genotypes genotypes
A 1 : 1
B 1 : 2
C 1 : 3
D 3 : 1
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5090/01/O/N/03
BIOLOGY 5090 Biology November 2003

GCE Ordinary Level
Paper 5090/01
Paper 1 - Multiple Choice
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 C 21 A
2 B 22 D
3 D 23 D
4 D 24 B
5 C 25 C
6 C 26 D
7 D 27 B
8 C 28 C
9 C 29 A
10 C 30 D
11 D 31 A
12 D 32 A
13 A 33 C
14 A 34 C
15 A 35 A
16 D 36 C
17 A 37 C
18 D 38 D
19 A 39 D
20 C 40 A
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2
BIOLOGY 5090/01
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet May/June 2004
Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) 1 hour
Y W
Which level of organisation are the structures W, X, Y and Z?
cell tissue organ organ system
A W Y X Z
B X Z Y W
C Y X Z W
D Z W Y X
2 Which is an example of active transport?
A movement of glucose into the cells of the villi

B movement of glucose molecules down a concentration gradient
C movement of ions in blood plasma
D movement of water in the transpiration stream
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 UCLES 2004 5090/01/M/J/04
3 Similar shaped pieces of potato are placed in sucrose solutions of different concentrations. After
three hours, the mass of each potato piece is measured.
Which graph shows the results of this experiment?
A B
mass of potato mass of potato

after 3 hours after 3 hours
sucrose sucrose
C D

sucrose sucrose
4 A dish is filled with agar jelly containing starch. Four holes are cut in the jelly and each hole is
filled with the different substances shown.
Which hole will be surrounded by the largest area without starch after 30 minutes?
amylase solution
distilled
water amylase solution and
D B hydrochloric acid
C
agar jelly
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 UCLES 2004 5090/01/M/J/04 [Turn over
5 The graph shows the amount of oxygen produced by a green plant during a 24-hour period.
Which letter represents midnight?
24-hour period
amount of
oxygen
produced
per hour
A B C D
6 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
A B
rate of rate of
photosynthesis photosynthesis
0 70 0 70
o o
temperature / C temperature / C
C D
rate of rate of
0 70 0 70
o o
temperature / C temperature / C
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 UCLES 2004 5090/01/M/J/04
7 A plant is kept in the dark for two days. A leaf is used in an experiment to investigate the effect of
two factors on photosynthesis, as shown in the diagram.
cork cut so leaf
can pass through
leaf removed
and tested
green leaf for starch Q
R
exposed
to light for
8 hours
substance to absorb
carbon dioxide
What are the colours of Q and R, when the leaf is tested for starch, using iodine solution?
Q R
A blue / black brown

B brown brown
C blue / black blue / black
D brown blue / black
8 Two samples of food are tested. The results are shown in the table.
test used
iodine solution Benedict’s test biuret test
sample 1 brown orange blue

sample 2 blue / black blue violet
What do these results show?
A Sample 1 contains starch and sugars.
B Sample 1 contains starch only.
C Sample 2 contains starch and protein.
D Sample 2 contains protein only.
9 The pH in the mouth decreases after eating.
Which statement explains the decrease in pH?
A Bacteria release acids when respiring food substances.
B Enzymes in saliva release acids during digestion.
C Food substances become alkaline when chewed.
D
8
Salivary glands release an alkaline solution.

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10 Large, insoluble molecules have to be digested before they can be

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A absorbed. B assimilated. C egested. D ingested.
11 When a leafy shoot is placed in a solution of dye, which part becomes most heavily stained?
A guard cells in the leaves

B palisade cells in the leaves
C phloem cells in the stem
D xylem vessels in the stem
12 The diagrams show transverse sections from the root and the stem of a plant.
root stem
3
1
4
2
Which tissues carry amino acids in solution?
root stem
A 1 3
B 1 4
C 2 3
D 2 4
13 What is the correct route for blood flow in a human?

A left atrium → left ventricle → lungs → right ventricle → right atrium
B left atrium → left ventricle → right ventricle → right atrium → lungs
C right atrium → right ventricle → left ventricle → left atrium → lungs
D right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle
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14 The diagram shows the liver and its blood supply. W
liver
gut
X
What is the name of blood vessel X and which substance increases in concentration between
vessels W and X?
name substance
A hepatic artery carbon dioxide
B hepatic portal vein carbon dioxide
C renal artery oxygen
D renal vein oxygen
15 The diagram shows the investigation of blood flow in the veins of the lower arm.
Z W
A cloth is tightly wrapped round the arm at point Z and the veins stand out clearly. One finger
presses on the vein at W.
When another finger strokes the vein, as shown in the diagram, the vein lies flat between points
W and Y.
Some possible explanations are listed.
1 The bandage at Z prevents backflow of blood.

2 The finger pressed at W prevents more blood entering the vein
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Which explanations of the vein lying flat are correct?

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16 After muscular exercise, which blood vessel carries the most carbon dioxide?
A aorta B hepatic artery C pulmonary vein D vena cava
17 Which process, occurring in the human body, does not involve energy from respiration?
A contraction of heart muscle

B diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood
C digestion of bread
D maintaining a constant body temperature
18 Which changes occur as a person exercises?

depth of breathing breathing rate
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
19 Which substance has the same concentration in dialysis fluid as in blood?
A glucose
B protein
C salts
D urea
20 What happens when the core temperature of the body increases?
diameter of surface
urine production
blood vessels
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
21 Which diagram shows how light from a distant object is focused on the retina to form a clear
image?
A B C D
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 UCLES 2004 5090/01/M/J/04
22 The diameter of a person’s pupil is measured as the light intensity is varied.

During which time period does the light intensity increase fastest?
A B C D
8
diameter 6
of pupil
(mm) 4
0
5 10 15 30 35 45 55 60
time / s
23 Which condition is treated by antibiotics?
A diabetes B heroin addiction C malaria D syphilis
24 The graph shows the relationship between the average age at death and the number of
cigarettes smoked per day.
75
74
73
average 72
age at 71
death
70
69
68
67
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
cigarettes smoked per day
Which of the following is a correct conclusion from the graph?

A Most people living longer than 74 years are non-smokers.
B Most people smoking 30 cigarettes a day die from lung cancer.
C Non-smokers live at least 4.5 years longer than people who smoke.
D People smoking five cigarettes a day live longer than those smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
25 Which organ is damaged as it breaks down alcohol?
A brain B kidney C liver D stomach
26 Yeast respires using sugar.
What conditions are needed to make which product?
conditions product
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C anaerobic alcohol
D anaerobic lactic acid
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27 During the production of yoghurt and cheese, the pH of the mixture changes.
What causes this change in pH?
A milk proteins becoming solid
B the changing of lactose to lactic acid
C the production of carbon dioxide
D the production of ethanol
28 The diagram shows the energy flow through a food chain.
sunlight
producers
herbivores
carnivores
decomposers
What happens to the energy that has flowed through the food chain?
A It is lost as heat.
B It is recycled.
C It is stored as carbohydrate.
D It is used to power metabolic processes.
29 A single plant provides food for many herbivores.
pyramid of numbers pyramid of biomass

The herbivores supply food for a few carnivores.
W X Y Z
Which pyramid of numbers and which pyramid of biomass show this information?
pyramid of pyramid of
numbers biomass
A W Y
B W Z
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30 The diagram shows the flow of substances within an ecosystem.
The circles represent trophic levels.
Which circle represents herbivores?
flow of organic
compounds
flow of
B C D carbon
dioxide
31 The single-celled organism that causes malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes.
How is a mosquito best described?
A a disease
B a pathogen
C a phagocyte
D a vector
32 Which shows a result of deforestation and the effect it has on the environment?
result effect
A fewer flowering plants reduced CO2 in air

B fewer trees increased humidity of air
C more ground cover wind removes soil
D more water drains away soil washed away
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33 The diagram shows a section through a fruit containing a seed.
What are the labelled parts?
1 2 3 4
A cotyledon radicle pericarp testa

B cotyledon radicle testa pericarp
C radicle cotyledon pericarp testa
D radicle cotyledon testa pericarp
34 Which statement about sexual reproduction is correct?
A All types of organism reproduce by this process.

B Many cells of one type fuse with a single cell of another type.
C Nuclei of two specialised cells fuse together.
D Parents produce genetically identical offspring.
35 The diagram shows the life cycle of a species of plant.
During which of the stages does reduction division occur?
mature plant
A
C
ovule pollen
D daughter
plant
seed B
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36 The diagram shows the arrangement of blood vessels in the uterus wall and placenta of a
pregnant woman.
1 2
placenta
baby's blood
space filled
with mother's blood
umbilical cord
developing baby
Which will increase in concentration in the blood as it flows from 1 to 2?
A amino acids
B carbon dioxide
C glucose
D oxygen
37 Which statement describes an example of artificial selection?
A It has been found that some strains of bacteria produce antibiotics.

B It is common practice to mate bulls with cows that produce the most milk.
C It is possible to control caterpillars on food crops by releasing small wasps which lay their
eggs in caterpillars and kill them.
D Mosquitoes have developed strains that are resistant to insecticides.
38 Which process is used to produce insulin commercially?
A extract glycogen from the liver to stimulate production of insulin

B extract insulin from the pancreas of human volunteers
C insert a bacterial gene into a person’s pancreas
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39 The diagram shows the inheritance of coat colour in mice.
Which mouse is heterozygous for coat colour?
A B C D
x x x
female male female male
family Q
family P family R
female
female
male
female
40 The diagram shows the inheritance of sex in humans.
parental genotype XY parental genotype XX
X 1 X
gametes gametes
Y 3 2 X
Which sex are the offspring in boxes 1, 2, 3 and 4?
1 2 3 4
A boy girl boy girl

B boy girl girl boy
C girl boy girl boy
D girl girl boy boy
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 UCLES 2004 5090/01/M/J/04
Page 1 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

BIOLOGY – JUNE 2004 5090 1
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 B 21 A
2 A 22 D
3 B 23 D
4 A 24 D
5 A 25 C
6 D 26 C
7 B 27 B
8 C 28 A
9 A 29 C
10 A 30 C
11 D 31 D
12 A 32 D
13 D 33 D
14 B 34 C
15 C 35 A
16 D 36 B
17 B 37 B
18 D 38 D
19 A 39 C
20 C 40 D
TOTAL 40 8
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© University of Cambridge International Examinations 2004
BIOLOGY 5090/01
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet October/November 2004
Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) 1 hour
1 A plant is grown in bright sunshine. After a few hours, a leaf is stained with iodine solution. The
diagram shows what is seen when the leaf is placed under a microscope.
Which structure will be stained blue / black?
2 The small intestine contains a low concentration of glucose produced from the digestion of starch.
Glucose is taken up by the cells of the villi.
How does the glucose move?
A by active transport against the concentration gradient

B by active transport with the concentration gradient
C by diffusion against the concentration gradient
D by diffusion with the concentration gradient
3 A human red blood cell is placed in a strong salt solution.
In which direction does water move and what is the effect on the cell?
movement of water effect on cell
A into the cell slight increase in size

B into the cell cell bursts
C out of the cell slight decrease in size
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4 According to the lock and key hypothesis, which is the lock and which is the key for the enzyme
lipase?
key lock
A fatty acids lipids

B lipase lipids
C lipase fatty acids
D lipids lipase
5 What is the function of chlorophyll?
A to convert light energy to chemical energy
B to release energy from carbohydrates

C to store magnesium ions
D to store raw materials for photosynthesis
6 The graph shows the results of an experiment measuring the rate of photosynthesis in a pond
plant at differing light intensities.
rate of
photosynthesis X
light intensity
At point X on the graph, what is the limiting factor in this experiment?
A carbon dioxide
B light intensity
C temperature
D water
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© UCLES 2004 5090/01/O/N/04 [Turn over
7 The diagram shows the arrangement of cells inside the leaf of a green plant.
(No cell contents are shown.)
3
4
Which cells normally contain chloroplasts?
8 The diagram shows some organs of the human body.
Which structure does not move its contents by peristalsis?
C
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5
9 Which element in the molecule of urea shows that it is formed from amino acids and not from
glucose?
A carbon
B hydrogen
C nitrogen
D oxygen
10 Four bags made of partially permeable membrane are placed in tubes as shown in the diagram.
tube 1 tube 2 tube 3 tube 4
bag made
of partially
permable
membrane starch reducing starch saliva
solution sugar solution
solution and saliva
water water water water
After 20 minutes at 35 oC a sample of water from each tube, outside the bag, is boiled with
Benedict’s solution.
What are the results?
A blue orange blue orange

B blue orange orange blue
C orange blue orange blue
D orange orange blue orange
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11 A plant shoot is left in ink solution for several hours.
A section is cut through the stem.
What would you see?
A B C D
plant stem plant stem
area stained area stained

by ink by ink
12 A plant is exposed to different temperatures and humidities.
Which set of conditions cause the plant to lose most water?
temperature / oC humidity / %
A 15 30
B 15 60
C 25 30
D 25 60
13 The diagram shows a vertical section through the human heart.
Which structure separates oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood?
C
A
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14 The coronary arteries carry blood to the
A brain tissue.
B heart muscle.
C liver cells.
D walls of alveolus.
15 What is the shortest route that can be taken by the blood travelling from a leg to an arm in the
human body?
A leg → heart → lungs → heart → arm
B leg → heart → lungs → liver → arm

C leg → liver → heart → lungs → arm
D leg → liver → stomach → heart → arm
16 Which changes occur when a person breathes in deeply?
diaphragm muscle external intercostal muscles
A contracts contract
B contracts no change
C relaxes contract
D relaxes relax
17 When yeast cells respire anaerobically, what substance is used and what substances are
produced?
substance used substances produced
A alcohol carbon dioxide and water

B alcohol lactic acid and water
C sugar alcohol and carbon dioxide
D sugar carbon dioxide and water
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18 The diagram shows part of the human urinary system.
Where is urea most concentrated?
vena aorta
cava A
B
19 What is an example of excretion?
A release of adrenalin from the adrenal glands

B release of sweat from the sweat glands
C removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs
D removal of faeces from the alimentary canal
20 On a hot day how would these skin structures respond to help maintain a constant body
temperature?
sweat gland surface blood vessels
A decreased sweat production contract

B decreased sweat production dilate (get wider)
C increased sweat production contract
D increased sweat production dilate (get wider)
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21 The diagram shows the front part of an eye.
ciliary muscle
lens
Which changes take place in the eye when a person looks up from reading a book to view a
distant object?
ciliary muscle lens
A contracts becomes thicker

B contracts becomes thinner
C relaxes becomes thicker
D relaxes becomes thinner
22 A finger that touches a hot object is quickly taken away from the source of heat.
What is the role of relay neurones in this response?
A to carry nerve impulses within the spinal cord
B to generate impulses in the receptors of the finger

C to link the sense organs to the sensory neurones
D to pass nerve impulses out to the neurones
23 Chemicals in tobacco smoke lead to the breakdown of the elastic tissue in the walls of the alveoli.
What is the name of this condition?
A bronchitis
B emphysema
C heart disease
D lung cancer
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24 Which condition can be treated with antibiotics?
A AIDS
B constipation
C diabetes mellitus
D syphilis
25 Which two bones form a ball and socket joint?
A humerus and ulna

B radius and scapula
C radius and ulna
D scapula and humerus
26 The diagram shows a section through the head showing the brain and part of the spinal cord.
X Z
Which structures carry out the functions below?
conscious thought control of balance

and memory and posture
A X W
B W X
C Y Z
D Z Y
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27 The graph shows changes in the glucose concentration in the blood of a person during two hours.
blood
glucose
level
0 1 2
time / hours
What explains the shape of the graph after X?
A The person has eaten a sugary sweet meal.
B The person has had an insulin injection.

C The person is suffering from diabetes mellitus.
D The person starts some hard physical exercise.
28 What do microorganisms make and release during the manufacture of bread and cheese?
bread cheese
A acid acid
B acid alcohol
C alcohol acid
D alcohol alcohol
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grass trees
sheep cows insects
foxes humans birds
decomposing organisms
What is the source of energy that enters this food web?
A decomposing organisms
B heat
C oxygen
D sunlight
30 In the diagram, arrows represent the movements of carbon compounds in the carbon cycle. The
circles represent carbon compounds in animals, decomposers, plants and the atmosphere.
4 2
What is represented by each circle?
1 2 3 4
A animals decomposers plants atmosphere

B atmosphere plants decomposers animals
C decomposers animals atmosphere plants
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31 Which control measure would not prevent the spread of malaria?
A boiling drinking water

B covering windows with netting
C draining swamps
D spraying insecticides onto stagnant water
32 Which statement is true of asexual reproduction in plants?
A Insects are needed to transfer pollen.

B New plants grow from seeds.
C Offspring are genetically identical to their parents.
D Two types of gamete are involved.
33 The diagram shows a tropical forest before and after clearing for agricultural use.
clearance
Which of the effects of deforestation causes soil erosion?
A Less photosynthesis occurs.

B Rainfall is reduced.
C Roots of trees die.
D Salt concentration in the soil decreases.
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34 New plants may be grown from groups of cells that are taken from other plants.
The diagram shows part of a plant, X.
From which structure will cell samples grow into new plants that are genetically identical to
plant X?
35 Chimpanzees have 48 chromosomes in each normal body cell.
How many chromosomes does a chimpanzee gamete contain?
A 23 B 24 C 46 D 48
36 The diagram shows a 28 day menstrual cycle.
menstruation ovulation
1 7 14 21 28
days
During which days would a woman be most and least fertile?
most fertile least fertile

A 1–7 14–21
B 7–14 21–28
C 14–21 1–7
D 21–28 7–14
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37 Pure breeding pea plants with green pods are crossed with pure breeding pea plants with yellow
pods.
All the F1 generation have green pods. Plants from the F1 generation are allowed to be interbred.
What colour are pods of the F2 generation?
A all green
B all yellow
C 1 green : 1 yellow
D 3 green : 1 yellow
38 What causes sickle cell anaemia?
A a change in the structure of a gene
B an iron-deficient diet
C infection following a bite from a mosquito
D loss of blood following an accident
39 The diagram shows a simple genetic cross between a red flower and a white flower.
Which represents the dominant phenotype?
A key
x
B red flower
RR rr
C
white flower
R r
R Rr r
D
Rr Rr
Rr
40 The genotype for the height of an organism is written as Tt.

What conclusion may be drawn?
A The allele for height has at least two different genes.
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D There is one allele for height with two different forms.

O LEVEL – NOVEMBER 2004 5090 1
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 C 21 D
2 A 22 A
3 C 23 B
4 D 24 D
5 A 25 D
6 B 26 C
7 D 27 A
8 D 28 C
9 C 29 D
10 B 30 C
11 C 31 A
12 C 32 C
13 B 33 C
14 B 34 D
15 A 35 B
16 A 36 C
17 C 37 D
18 D 38 A
19 C 39 D
20 D 40 B
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BIOLOGY May/June 2005 5090/01

1 The diagram shows a section through a leaf.
P
R
Q
Which is an organ and which is a tissue?
organ tissue
A P R
B Q S
C R P
D S Q
2 What causes water to enter plant roots from the soil?
A Water potential in root hairs and the soil is equal.

B Water potential in root hairs and xylem is equal.
C Water potential in root hairs is higher than in the soil.
D Water potential in root hairs is lower than in the soil.
3 Which process may require energy from respiration?
A movement of carbon dioxide into the alveoli
B movement of oxygen into red blood cells
C uptake of glucose by cells in the villi
D uptake of water by root hair cells
4 Protease enzyme breaks down protein to amino acids.

In the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis, what is the lock and what is the key?
lock key
A amino acid protease
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5 Where and how does carbon dioxide enter a plant?
where how
A root hair cells active uptake

B root hair cells diffusion
C stomata active uptake
D stomata diffusion
6 In which conditions will a plant photosynthesise fastest?
carbon dioxide
temperature / oC
concentration / %
A 0.04 15
B 0.04 25
C 0.01 15
D 0.01 25
7 The diagram shows one type of plant cell.
What type of cell is it?
A epidermal cell of a leaf

B mesophyll cell of a leaf
C root hair cell
D xylem cell
8 Which chemical test shows the presence of an enzyme in a biological washing powder?
A Benedict’s B biuret C ethanol emulsion D iodine solution
9 A lack of which nutrient causes gums to bleed?

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calcium iron C vitamin C D vitamin D

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10 The table shows some of the nutrients present in four foods.
calcium / mg vitamin C / mg vitamin D / µg

iron / mg per
food per 100 g of per 100 g of per 100 g of
100 g of food
food food food
1 bananas 0.4 7 10 0
2 fish 0.4 35 0 6.38
3 lentils 7.6 30 0 0
4 milk 0.1 120 0.5 0.002
Which two foods are best to help the healthy growth of bones and teeth of a child?
11 The diagram shows a transverse section from the middle of a root of a dicotyledonous plant.
In which tissue are sugars and amino acids transported?
12 A young plant may wilt when dug up and re-planted in another place.
What causes this?
A The leaves lose less water.

B The roots cannot take up mineral salts.
C The stem cannot transport water.
D The surface area of the root is reduced.
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13 The diagram shows a section through the heart.
1 2
3 4
X Y
While chambers X and Y are emptying of blood, which valves are open and which are closed?
valves 1 and 2 valves 3 and 4
A closed closed
B closed open
C open closed
D open open
14 The diagram represents blood flow through the human body.
capillaries in
the organs of
4 the body 1
left side right side

of the heart of the heart
2
3
capillaries in
the lungs
At which stages does the blood contain the most oxygen?

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15 The table shows substances passing between capillaries and tissues in a part of the body.
into the capillaries out of the capillaries

substance
from the tissues into the tissues
oxygen key
carbon dioxide = does pass
amino acids
urea
In which part of the body are these capillaries?
A between the alveoli

B in the kidney
C in the liver
D in the villi
16 What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
A carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen + energy

B carbon dioxide + water → alcohol + oxygen + energy
C oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + alcohol + energy
D oxygen + glucose → water + carbon dioxide + energy
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17 The test-tube contains glucose and yeast in water.
tap
X
coloured
glucose and yeast liquid
in water
The tap is closed and the yeast respires anaerobically.

What is observed at X and which explanation is correct?
observation at X explanation
A liquid level falls carbon dioxide is produced
B liquid level falls oxygen is used
C liquid level rises carbon dioxide is produced
D liquid level rises oxygen is used
18 Fitness training increases the concentration of lactic acid that runners can build up in their
muscles before pain stops them running.
What is a consequence of this increase?
A Aerobic respiration in muscles can be more rapid.

B Blood flow to the muscles is increased.
C More anaerobic respiration can take place in muscles.
D More energy is needed by the muscles.
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19 The diagram represents the liver, kidney and some associated blood vessels.
In which vessel will the blood contain the lowest concentration of urea?
D liver A
C kidney B
20 The graph shows changes in a person’s body temperature plotted against time.
X
body 38
temperature
/ oC 37
Y
36
35
0 20 40 60 80
time / minutes
What causes the change in temperature between X and Y?
A increased air temperature

B increased evaporation of sweat
C reduced blood flow through surface capillaries
D shivering
21 Why does emphysema cause severe breathlessness?
A The alveoli become coated with tar.

B The cilia lining the trachea are destroyed.
C The lungs become cancerous.
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The surface area of the lungs is reduced.

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22 The diagram shows a bone from the forelimb (arm). One end of the bone has been replaced with
a metal cap.
metal
cap
Which bone is this, and which joint does the metal cap repair?
bone joint
A humerus elbow
B humerus shoulder
C ulna elbow
D ulna shoulder
23 What is controlled by the medulla in the brain?
A balance B breathing C memory D vision
24 When a person is frightened, which substance increases the blood sugar levels?
A adrenaline B carbon dioxide C insulin D lactic acid
25 The diagram shows part of a person’s nervous system that has been cut at X.
X
sensory
neurone
motor
bee neurone
A bee stings the finger, as shown.

What are the effects of this sting on the person?
pain felt arm moved

A no no
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26 When yeast is used in bread-making, what type of respiration occurs and which product is
useful?
respiration useful product
A aerobic carbon dioxide

B aerobic ethanol
C anaerobic carbon dioxide
D anaerobic ethanol
27 In cheese production, which micro organism is involved, what is a product of respiration and what
effect does it have?
micro organism product effect
A bacteria acids solidifies

B bacteria alcohols digests
C yeast acids digests
D yeast alcohols solidifies
28 The diagram represents the flow of substances within a balanced ecosystem.
The boxes are various trophic levels.
Which box represents herbivores?
key
B
shows flow of
organic substances
C
A shows flow of
carbon dioxide
D
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29 The diagram shows a food web in a freshwater pond.
2
4 1
6 8
5
3
Which of the organisms is a producer, a herbivore or a carnivore?
producer herbivore carnivore
A 1 6 7
B 2 4 5
C 4 2 6
D 7 3 8
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30 The diagram shows the carbon cycle.
combustion
P
fuel
Q
carbon dioxide in
the air and dissolved green plants
in water R
decomposers
animals
What are processes P, Q, and R?
P Q R
A photosynthesis photosynthesis respiration

B respiration respiration photosynthesis
C photosynthesis respiration photosynthesis
D respiration photosynthesis respiration
31 Pest control in hot countries includes these processes.
1 draining ponds
2 keeping cattle away from ponds
3 spraying oil on ponds
Which are used to control the malarial mosquito?
A 2 only B 1 and 2 C 1 and 3 D 1, 2 and 3
32 What will be the effect of increasing nitrate levels in rivers?
A Animals will absorb the nitrates and make more urea.

B Animals will absorb the nitrates and form more proteins.
C Plants will absorb the nitrates and make more urea.
D Plants will absorb the nitrates and form more proteins.
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33 Cell X contains 24 chromosomes. It divides by mitosis to produce cells Y and Z.
cell X
cell Y cell Z
How many chromosomes does cell Z contain?
A 8 B 12 C 24 D 48
34 The diagrams show four different fruits.
1 2 3 4
Which two fruits are dispersed by animals?
35 After sexual intercourse, sperm can survive for 3 days in the uterus and oviducts. Assume
ovulation can occur any time from day 13 to day 15.
If an egg cell lives up to 2 days after ovulation, how long is the fertile phase of the menstrual
cycle?
A 5 days B 6 days C 7 days D 8 days
36 What are the features of human eggs, when compared with sperm?
size number produced
A larger larger
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smaller larger
D smaller smaller
37 A man has blood group A, and his wife has blood group AB.
What are the possible blood groups of their children?
A A only
B AB only
C A and AB only
D A, B and AB
38 In humans the allele for albinism is recessive.

The diagram shows the inheritance of albinism in a family.
mother father
key
albino male
normal female
normal male
children
What are the genotypes of the parents?
mother father
A heterozygous heterozygous
B heterozygous homozygous dominant
C homozygous recessive homozygous dominant
D homozygous recessive homozygous recessive
39 A person with Down’s syndrome is born with 47 chromosomes in each of his/her cells, instead of
46.
What could cause this?
A A mutation happened during the production of the egg cell.

B More than one sperm fused with the egg at fertilisation.
C Radiation caused a change in structure of a gene in the father’s sperm.
D The mother was exposed to harmful chemicals while she was pregnant.
40 Huntington’s disease is an inherited condition caused by a dominant allele.

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What is the probability that their child will inherit the dominant allele for Huntington’s disease?
A 0 B 0.25 C 0.5 D 0.75
© UCLES 2005 5090/01/M/J/05

O LEVEL – JUNE 2005 5090 1
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 C 21 D
2 D 22 B
3 C 23 B
4 C 24 A
5 D 25 A
6 B 26 C
7 B 27 A
8 B 28 C
9 C 29 A
10 D 30 D
11 B 31 C
12 D 32 D
13 C 33 C
14 C 34 C
15 C 35 C
16 D 36 B
17 A 37 D
18 C 38 A
19 C 39 A
20 B 40 C
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

BIOLOGY 5090/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice October/November 2005
1 hour
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
1 The diagram shows a plant cell.
Which labelled structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell?
2 The diagram shows a root hair, surrounded by a dilute solution of mineral ions.
dilute solution
of mineral ions
concentrated solution of mineral ions
Which statement is correct?
A Water molecules move into the root hair because their concentration is lower inside.
B Water molecules move into the root hair because their concentration is lower outside.
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3 Which graph shows how an enzyme catalysed reaction in the alimentary canal varies with
temperature?
A B
rate rate
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
temperature / oC temperature / oC
C D
rate rate
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
temperature / oC temperature / oC
4 Which process can involve active transport?
A carbon dioxide intake through stomata

B mineral ion intake through root hairs
C mineral ion transport through xylem vessels
D water leaving mesophyll cells
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5 The diagrams show the outlines of cells in two different views of a leaf.
Which cell in diagram 1 is the same as cell P in diagram 2?
diagram 1 diagram 2
P
A
6 The graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant varies with light intensity at two
different carbon dioxide concentrations. The temperature is kept constant at 20 °C.
1 % carbon dioxide
concentration
rate of
photosynthesis X
0.04 % carbon dioxide
concentration
light intensity
Which factor is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at point X?
A availability of chlorophyll
B availability of water
C concentration of carbon dioxide
D intensity of light
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7 Four different foods were tested as shown below and the test results were recorded as positive
(+) or negative (–).
Which food contained both glucose and oil?
ethanol
Benedict’s biuret iodine
food emulsion
test test test
test
A + + – –
B + – + –
C – + – +
D – – + +
8 The diagram shows an experiment to find out whether carbon dioxide is needed for
photosynthesis.
light
glass cover
plant
soda lime
(to remove carbon dioxide)
15 oC
What is the most suitable control for this experiment?
A B C D
light light black
light cover
25 oC 15 oC 15 oC 15 oC
a substance soda lime
to remove
oxygen
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9 Which symptom is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?
A anaemia
B bones breaking easily
C constipation
D gums bleeding
10 The diagram represents stages in the breakdown of starch to maltose by the enzyme amylase.
R S
Q
Which are the correct labels?
amylase maltose starch
A P S Q
B Q R S
C R Q P
D S P R
11 Which conditions cause the fastest rate of transpiration?
A dry and cold

B dry and warm
C wet and cold
D wet and warm
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12 The diagram shows a cross-section of a root.
Which tissue transports water to the leaves?
13 The diagram shows part of the human circulatory system.
In which vessel is the blood pressure highest?
lungs
D A
C B
rest of body
14 Which blood vessel carries blood with the lowest concentration of urea?
A hepatic portal vein

B pulmonary vein
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15 The graph shows changes in a person’s pulse rate over a period of 45 minutes.
The sequence of events involves:

• waiting in a queue
• entering a sports stadium
• seeing a goal scored
• relaxing during half time.
Which graph shows this sequence of events?
A B
165 165
pulse rate pulse rate
(beats / min) (beats / min)
65 65
0 15 30 45 0 15 30 45
time in minutes time in minutes
C D
165 165
pulse rate pulse rate
(beats / min) (beats / min)
65 65
0 15 30 45 0 15 30 45
time in minutes time in minutes
16 When the skin is cut the blood clots.
In which order would the components of the blood become involved?
first last
A fibrin platelets red blood cells fibrinogen

B fibrinogen red blood cells platelets fibrin
C platelets fibrin fibrinogen red blood cells
D platelets fibrinogen fibrin red blood cells
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17 Which muscle actions occur during inspiration?
diaphragm external intercostal

muscles muscles
A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax
18 The diagram shows part of the lining of the human trachea.
What is the function of cell X?
A gaseous exchange
B mucus removal
C phagocytosis
D secretion of mucus
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19 The diagram shows a person holding out their arm.
The ball and socket joint rotates and the hinge joint extends.
Which diagram shows the arm after these movements?
A B
C D
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20 The apparatus shown is used to investigate gas exchange during breathing.

M
limewater
solution
X Y
What would occur when a person breaths out through tube M?
A The solutions in X and Y both turn cloudy.
B The solution in X remains clear, but that in Y turns cloudy.
C The solution in X turns cloudy, but that in Y remains clear.
D The solution in X is forced out through the tube T.
21 The circles represent the diameter of the blood vessels in the surface of the skin as the body
temperature changes.
Which shows the diameter of the blood vessels after a decrease and after an increase in body
temperature?
diameter of blood vessels
after a decrease after an increase

in body temperature in body temperature
C
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22 What passes through the membranes of a kidney machine?
A protein and red blood cells

B urea and red blood cells
C water and protein
D water and urea
23 The diagram shows a section of a human eye focussed on a near object.
X Y
W Z
Which parts will change to focus on a distant object?
A W X Y
B V X Z
C W Y Z
D V Y Z
24 The table shows results from a study into the effects of smoking while pregnant.
number of cigarettes
average birth weight average height
smoked per day by
of baby / kg of child at 15 years / cm
mother while pregnant
0 3.7 166.1
1–9 3.5 165.0
10 and over 3.1 162.8
Which of these effects of smoking while pregnant is supported by the information in the table?
A increased growth rate

B increased length of pregnancy
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D reduced chance of respiratory disease
25 The table shows some structures found in four different cells.
Which cell is from a fungus?
cell nucleus
cell cell wall chloroplasts
membrane membrane
A key
B = present
C = absent
D
26 The diagram shows a section through the brain.
Which regions control balance, heart rate and temperature?
balance heart rate temperature
A W Z X
B X Y Z
C Y X W
D Z W Y
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27 The diagram shows some animals and green plants sealed in an aquarium.
glass plate
air tight seal
water fleas
What must be supplied to keep the organisms alive for the longest possible time?
A carbon dioxide
B light energy
C nitrates
D oxygen
28 What is a feature of bacteria?
A They are always parasitic.

B They have a nucleus.
C They are made of hyphae.
D They reproduce by binary fission.
29 Which method of control would not be effective against the spread of the malarial parasite?
A drainage of swamps and marshes

B safe disposal of sewage solids
C sleeping under a mosquito net
D spraying walls of houses with insecticide
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30 Some types of bacteria make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using the energy
from sunlight.
What are these bacteria?
A anaerobic
B consumers
C decomposers
D producers
31 The diagram shows a forest and farmland either side of a river.
forest forest
river
farmland farmland
The forest is cut down.
What will be the most likely effect and how it is connected to the cutting down of the forest?
how it is connected to the

likely effect
cutting down of the forest
A flooding of the farmland water running off cleared area

B gradual change to desert conditions global warming
C increase in number of water plants more light falling on river
D water logging of cleared area trees no longer transpiring
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32 The diagram shows nine organisms forming a food web.
6 7 8
4 5
1 2 3
Which of the organisms is a producer and which is a carnivore?
producer carnivore
A 1 4
B 2 6
C 5 8
D 7 9
33 The diagram shows the carpel of a flower soon after pollination.
X
Y
What are the labelled structures?
X Y Z
A ovule stigma filament

B ovule stamen pollen tube
C pollen grain stigma pollen tube
D pollen grain stamen filament
34 The skin cells of an animal contain 8 chromosomes.

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A B C D
03
16 8 4 2
35 In pigs, the allele for black hair is dominant to the allele for red hair.
Two black-haired pigs mated and produced twelve offspring. Of the first eleven, eight had black
hair and three had red hair.
What is the probability of the twelfth offspring having red hair?
A 0.75 B 0.50 C 0.33 D 0.25
36 What is an advantage of feeding a baby with bottled milk rather than breast milk?
A Breast milk contains antibodies.

B It is easier to keep the milk free of pathogens.
C The baby’s intake of food can be measured.
D The milk is always at the right temperature.
37 In human reproduction, which sequence of events is correct?
A menstruation → ovulation → fertilisation → implantation

B menstruation → ovulation → implantation → fertilisation
C ovulation → menstruation → fertilisation → implantation
D ovulation → menstruation → implantation → fertilisation
38 A woman has blood group O. Her child also has blood group O.
Which blood group can her husband not have?
A A B B C AB D O
39 Sex in humans is determined by X and Y chromosomes inherited from parents.
Which shows the chromosome inherited from the father and from the mother?
chromosome chromosome
sex of child
from father from mother
A male X Y
B male Y X
C female X Y
D female Y X
40 Which two characteristics both show continuous variation?
A eye colour and height

B
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O LEVEL – NOVEMBER 2005 5090 1
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 B 21 B
2 A 22 D
3 C 23 D
4 B 24 C
5 D 25 D
6 C 26 B
7 B 27 B
8 C 28 D
9 B 29 B
10 A 30 D
11 B 31 A
12 C 32 B
13 B 33 C
14 C 34 C
15 B 35 D
16 D 36 C
17 A 37 A
18 B 38 C
19 B 39 B
20 B 40 C
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BIOLOGY 5090/01
May/June 2006
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 1 hour
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
1 The concentration of nitrate ions in a root cell is higher than in the surrounding soil solution.
How do the nitrate ions move into the root cell?
A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D transpiration
2 The diagram shows two plant cells.
cell X cell Y
Plant cells become turgid when they take up water by osmosis.
In which of these cells does being turgid provide support?
cell X cell Y
A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes
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3 The diagram shows cells in fresh blood and the same cells after the blood has been mixed with
liquid X.
blood after mixing

fresh blood with liquid X
Which statement describes the water potential of liquid X?
A It is equal to that of pure water.

B It is equal to that of the cell cytoplasm.
C It is higher than that of the cell cytoplasm.
D It is lower than that of the cell cytoplasm.
4 Starch is digested to maltose by the enzyme amylase.
According to the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis, which is the ‘key’ and which is the ‘lock’?
‘key’ ‘lock’
A amylase maltose
B amylase starch
C starch amylase
D starch maltose
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5 The diagram shows a photosynthesis investigation. The plant has leaves that are green in the
middle and white round the edges.
light green light

Q
white
leaf in normal air

P
clear plastic bag R

containing a substance
that absorbs
carbon dioxide
S
Which leaf areas lack only one factor needed for photosynthesis?
A P and Q
B P and R
C Q and S
D R and S
6 When is carbon dioxide absorbed and when is it released by an ecosystem, such as a tropical
rainforest?
daylight darkness
A absorbed absorbed
B absorbed released
C released absorbed
D released released
7 What is the function of each type of plant cell?
palisade cells phloem cells root hair cells
A photosynthesis sugar transport ion uptake

B photosynthesis sugar transport transpiration
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8 The table shows the nutrients in different parts of a meal.
Which food would be most useful in preventing constipation?
energy protein fat carbohydrate fibre

food
kJ g g g g
A apple juice 163 0.1 0 9.4 0

B ripe banana 466 1.5 0.4 27 4.9
C salad sandwich 1054 19 7.3 27 6.1
D toffee bar 458 2.1 3.3 19 1.1
9 In which order do these events occur in human nutrition?
A digestion → ingestion → absorption → assimilation
B digestion → ingestion → assimilation → absorption
C ingestion → digestion → absorption → assimilation
D ingestion → digestion → assimilation → absorption
10 Tennis players often eat bananas during long matches.
Which nutrient in a banana is important during the match?
A carbohydrate
B fibre
C iron
D vitamin C
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11 The photomicrograph shows a section of part of the root of a plant.
Through which tissue are sugars and amino acids transported?
12 During translocation in plants, what substance is moved from which organ to which organ?
substance from to
A sucrose anthers stigmas

B sucrose leaves roots
C water roots leaves
D water soil root hairs
13 Which chambers of the human heart contain oxygenated blood?
A left atrium and left ventricle

B left atrium and right ventricle
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14 The graph shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart, during a single heart beat.
At which point does the semi-lunar valve open?
A B C D
16
key
12
pressure in atrium
pressure in ventricle
pressure / pressure in aorta
8
kPa
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
time / s
15 What causes the transfer of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid?
A active transport
B blood pressure
C capillarity
D osmosis
16 In the body of a human, which processes consume energy from respiration?
absorption of protein
cell division
water synthesis
A key
B = needs energy
C = does not need energy
D
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17 The table shows the percentage composition of a gas in inspired and in expired air.
% composition
inspired air expired air
21.0 16.0
What is the gas?
A carbon dioxide
B nitrogen
C oxygen
D water vapour
18 The diagram shows apparatus used to investigate respiration.
coloured oil drop

thermometer
graduated scale
germinating peas
water wire mesh
sodium hydroxide
(to absorb carbon dioxide)
What change will be seen and what is the explanation?
change explanation
A oil drop moves left oxygen is used up by the peas

B oil drop does not move oxygen is used up as fast as
carbon dioxide is released
C oil drop does not move carbon dioxide is absorbed
D oil drop moves right peas release carbon dioxide
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19 Through which sequence does carbon dioxide pass as it leaves the lungs?
A alveolar wall → in the alveoli → blood → capillary wall
B blood → capillary wall → alveolar wall → in the alveoli
C capillary wall → blood → in the alveoli → alveolar wall
D in the alveoli → alveolar wall → capillary wall → blood
20 What does the hypothalamus control?
A adrenaline secretion
B body temperature
C heart beat
D memory
21 Which of these four mechanisms that lower the body temperature is the slowest to occur?
A dilation of surface capillaries

B relaxation of hair erector muscles
C secretion of sweat
D thinning subcutaneous fat layer
22 When a person is frightened which responses will occur?
A adrenaline released heart beat increases eye pupils dilate

B adrenaline released blood glucose increases urine production increases
C insulin released breathing rate increases peristalsis stops
D insulin released eye pupils dilate saliva secretion stops
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23 The diagram shows a person doing ‘pull ups’ on a horizontal bar.
X Y
In moving from the lower position X to the upper position Y, which muscles and joint movements
occur?
biceps triceps ball and socket joint
A contracts relaxes rotates

B contracts relaxes extends
C relaxes contracts rotates
D relaxes contracts flexes
24 Which of these substances do not occur naturally in the human body?
adrenaline heroin nicotine penicillin
1 2 3 4
A 2 and 3 only
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 1, 3 and 4 only
D 2, 3 and 4 only
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25 The diagram shows a section through the human eye.
Where will an image be detected when a person looks at an object?
D A
C B
26 ‘This group of organisms have long thread like bodies. Their cells contain nuclei. Some of them
produce antibiotics.’
Which group of organisms is being described?
A bacteria
B fungi
C plants
D viruses
27 Fermenters that are used to produce single cell protein may be closed (batch) or open
(continuous).
Which set of fermenter properties is correct?
closed open
A growth rate of culture remains at fermenting microorganisms must be

optimum added all the time
B growth rate of culture remains at product can be removed all the time
optimum
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vessel must be sterilised after each product can be removed all the time
separate cycle
28 Which statement is not correct?
A Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

B The sun is the principal source of energy input into biological systems.
C Energy flowing through biological systems is recycled.
D Active transport is an energy-consuming process.
29 A sparrowhawk eats small birds that feed on caterpillars. Caterpillars feed on plant leaves.
Which diagram shows the pyramid of biomass for this food chain?
A B
C D
30 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.
4 nitrate ions
1
ammonium ions
3 nitrogen compounds in plants
nitrogen compounds in dead matter 2
nitrogen compounds in animals
Which stages depend on the action of bacteria?
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 3
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31 A mosquito transmits malaria and is therefore described as a
A parasite.
B pathogen.
C vector.
D virus.
32 The graph shows the concentration of oxygen in a river, measured at stations 1 to 5, each 100 m
apart. There is a sewage outflow just after station 1.
oxygen
concentration
1 2 3 4 5
direction of
station number river flow
sewage
outflow
At which stations are the concentrations of organic matter lowest?
A 1 and 5
B 2 and 3
C 3 and 4
D 4 and 5
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33 The diagram shows the chromosomes in a cell.
Which diagram shows the product of one division of the cell by mitosis?
A B
C D
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34 A germinating seed is soaked in blue dye, which becomes colourless in tissues that are actively
respiring.
What will be the appearance of the cotyledons, plumule and radicle?
cotyledons plumule radicle
A blue blue blue

B blue blue colourless
C colourless blue colourless
D colourless colourless colourless
35 A surgical method of birth control involves cutting some of the tubes through which sperm pass.
At which point does the surgeon make the cuts?
B
C
36 Which diseases can be cured with antibiotics?
gonorrhoea HIV infection syphilis
A key
B = can be cured with antibiotics
C = cannot be cured with antibiotics
D
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37 Which of these may be heterozygous?
A a cell which is haploid

B an allele of a gene
C an organism with a dominant phenotype
D an organism with a recessive genotype
38 Cells contain long thread-like structures that carry genetic information.
What are these structures called?
A alleles
B chromosomes
C genes
D nuclei
39 Farmers crossed two breeds of cattle, the Jersey from Europe and the Sahiwal from Africa. For
many generations, the farmers picked out the offspring with the highest milk yields to breed the
next generation.
Which phrase best describes this process?
A artificial selection
B discontinuous variation
C evolution
D natural selection
40 A textbook states that because human insulin is a single …X…, its production is controlled by a
single …Y… .
What are X and Y?
X Y
A carbohydrate DNA molecule

B carbohydrate gene
C protein DNA molecule
D protein gene
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department
of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2006 5090/01/M/J/06
127

GCE O Level – June 2006 5090 01
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 A 21 D
2 C 22 A
3 D 23 A
4 C 24 D
5 C 25 A
6 B 26 B
7 A 27 D
8 C 28 C
9 C 29 A
10 A 30 C
11 D 31 C
12 B 32 A
13 A 33 B
14 B 34 D
15 B 35 B
16 D 36 C
17 C 37 C
18 A 38 B
19 B 39 A
20 B 40 D
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BIOLOGY
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 1 hour
5090/01
October/November 2006
1 The table shows some characteristics of four types of cell.
Which cell could be a root hair cell?
nucleus chloroplast
A key
B = present
C = absent
D

B diffusion only
C active transport and osmosis only
D diffusion and osmosis only
3 The diagram shows apparatus used to investigate osmosis.
tube level 1
level 2
water
concentrated
sugar solution
partially permeable
membrane
Which molecules will move across the partially permeable membrane and which changes in
levels will occur?
molecules level 1 level 2
A sugar fall rise

8
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D water rise fall
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4 The diagrams represent an enzyme molecule and its substrate.
Which diagram shows these molecules after they are heated to 100 oC?
A B
substrate
enzyme
C D
5 The graph shows the effect of changing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant at
two different carbon dioxide concentrations.
high carbon dioxide

concentration
rate of low carbon dioxide

photosynthesis concentration
light intensity
Which statement is correct?
A At low light intensities carbon dioxide is the limiting factor.

B At high light intensities carbon dioxide is the limiting factor.
C When the carbon dioxide concentration is high, there is no limiting factor.
D When carbon dioxide concentration is low, the plant cannot photosynthesise.
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 UCLES 2006 5090/01/O/N/06 [Turn over
6 The diagram shows the shapes of the cells in a section of a leaf.
Which cells would contain chloroplasts?
A 1 and 2 only
B 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 2, 3 and 4 only
7 The graph shows the amount of oxygen produced by a green plant, growing outdoors, during a
24-hour period.
Which letter represents midday?
24-hour period
amount of
oxygen
produced
per hour
A B C D
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8 Two aquarium tanks are set up as shown.
air bubbles air bubbles
tank X tank Y
contains animals and plants contains animals
After a week, all the animals in tank Y show signs of distress.
This was because the animals have run out of
A carbon dioxide.
B food.
C nitrate.
D oxygen.
9 Which substances are needed in the diet to prevent rickets?
A calcium and vitamin C

B calcium and vitamin D
C iron and vitamin C
D iron and vitamin D 8
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10 The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.
Which part secretes an acidic digestive juice containing a protease?
diaphragm
A
B
11 The diagram shows a section through a villus.
What is a function of structure X and of structure Y?
X Y
A to absorb amino acids to digest starch

B to carry blood to secrete mucus
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12 Which of the following environmental conditions would cause rapid transpiration?
air light temperature
A damp bright cold

B damp dim warm
C dry bright warm
D dry dim cold
13 The photomicrograph shows part of a section of a plant.
cell X
Samples of the contents of cell X were tested.
What results are expected?
Benedict’s
iodine
reagent
A + + key
B + – + = positive result
C
8
– + – = negative result
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D – –
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14 How does tissue fluid differ from blood plasma?
A Tissue fluid contains dissolved food.

B Tissue fluid contains less protein.
C Tissue fluid does not contain dissolved oxygen.
D Tissue fluid does not contain white blood cells.
15 The graph shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart, while at rest, during a single
heart beat.
16
12 key
pressure in atrium
pressure /
8
kPa
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
time / s
What is the number of times that this person’s heat beats in one minute, while at rest?
A 60 B 70 C 100 D 120
16 Which statement explains why humans are said to have a double circulation?
A As blood circulates it passes twice through the heart.

B Each side of the heart has two chambers.
C Each side of the heart has two valves.
D There are two different sets of arteries leaving the heart.
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17 The diagram shows the ribs and some of the muscles used in breathing.
vertebrae
sternum
breathing
out
external
intercostals
lung diaphragm
X Y
Which muscles relax in moving from position X to position Y?
diaphragm external intercostals
A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes
18 Which substance is produced in both aerobic respiration in humans and anaerobic respiration in
yeast?
A carbon dioxide
B ethanol
C lactic acid
D water
19 The table shows ventilation rates of an adult while resting and while exercising.
volume of air inhaled number of breaths volume of air exchanged

adult
per breath / cm3 per minute per minute / cm3
resting 400 20 8000

exercising 1200 40 ?
What is the volume of air exchanged per minute while exercising?
A 16 000 cm3 B 24 000 cm3 C 32 000 cm3 D 48 000 cm3

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20 The diagram shows the flow of blood and dialysis fluid through a kidney machine.
dialysis
Y
fluid in
blood
vein X
artery
blood
dialysis
fluid out
Which substances have the lowest concentration at X and the highest concentration at Y?
lowest at X highest at Y
A glucose salts
B salts glucose
C urea water
D water urea
21 The body can regulate both its temperature and the amount of water in its cells.
What are these processes?
A assimilation
B excretion
C homeostasis
D osmosis
22 In temperature control of the body, which types of neurones carry information from skin receptors
to the brain, and from the brain to sweat glands?
from skin receptors from the brain to

to the brain sweat glands
A motor sensory
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C sensory motor
D sensory relay
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23 What are the labels for the parts of the brain?
1 2 3
A cerebellum cerebrum pituitary gland

B cerebrum cerebellum pituitary gland
C pituitary gland cerebrum cerebellum
D pituitary gland cerebellum cerebrum
24 What structures cover the pupil of a human eye?
A conjunctiva and cornea C cornea and retina

B conjunctiva and sclera D retina and sclera
25 The diagram shows a person exercising on a horizontal bar.
P Q
In moving from the upper position P to the lower position Q, which muscles and joint movements
occur?
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B contracts relaxes rotates

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C relaxes contracts extends

D relaxes relaxes rotates
26 Tar and carbon monoxide are present in tobacco smoke.
What are their effects on health?
tar carbon monoxide
A causes high blood pressure damages haemoglobin

B causes high blood pressure is addictive
C causes lung cancer damages haemoglobin
D causes lung cancer is addictive
27 Why must the milk used in the production of yoghurt be free from all traces of antibiotics?
A Antibiotics cause artificial selection of the bacteria in the yoghurt.

B Antibiotics cause the yoghurt to decompose.
C Antibiotics kill the starter culture bacteria.
D Antibiotics support the growth of yeasts in the culture.
28 Using the key, which organism is a virus?
1. Has a cell wall…………………............. go to 2

Does not have a cell wall……………… go to 3
2. Cell wall is made of chitin…………….. organism A
Cell wall is made of cellulose………… organism B
3. Has a protein coat……………………... organism C
Has a cell membrane…………………. organism D
29 Which is a possible sequence for energy flowing through a food web?
present in present in recycled for

lost as heat
glucose protein photosynthesis
A – 2 1 3
B 1 – 3 2
C 2 3 – 1
D 3 1 2 –
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carnivorous
bird
insectivorous insectivorous
bird mammal
beetle
nectar-feeding spider leaf-eating

insect insect
insect larvae
flowering plant
Which is a primary consumer?
A beetle
B carnivorous bird
C insectivorous mammal
D nectar-feeding insect
31 The diagram shows how carbon circulates in nature.
Through which stage does most energy flow?
herbivore
A B
producer carnivore
D C
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32 The female mosquito is an effective vector for malaria.
What makes it an effective vector?
A It has wings.
B It lays many eggs.
C It makes a noticeable noise.
D It mates several times.
33 The presence of high concentrations of nitrogen-containing fertilisers in a pond can lead to the
death of fish.
What is the sequence of events leading to the death of the fish?
A increase in algae algae die increase in bacteria drop in oxygen

B increase in algae drop in oxygen increase in bacteria algae die
C increase in bacteria drop in oxygen increase in algae algae die
D increase in bacteria increase in algae algae die drop in oxygen
34 A plant has 20 chromosomes in its leaf cells. The plant reproduces both sexually and asexually.
What is the correct number of chromosomes in the gametes and in cells used for asexual
reproduction?
number of chromosomes
cells used for
gametes
asexual reproduction
A 10 10
B 10 20
C 20 10
D 20 20
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35 The diagrams show the fruits of three species of plant.
1 2 3
fruit wall splits

to eject seeds
P, Q and R are maps showing where the parent plants and their seedlings are growing.
P Q R
1 km 1 km 1 km
Which map relates to which species?
species 1 species 2 species 3
A P Q R
B P R Q
C Q R P
D R Q P
36 What is true for syphilis?
cause symptoms develop after treatment
A bacterium 7-10 days antibiotics

B bacterium number of years vaccine
C virus 7-10 days antibiotics
D virus number of years vaccine
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37 The diagram shows a developing fetus.
Where does gaseous exchange between mother and fetus occur?
C A
B
38 Dillip and Shabnam made four statements about themselves.
Dillip Shabnam
1 I am a boy. I am a girl.
2 I am 150 cm tall. I am 153 cm tall.
3 I am not very good at games. I am good at games.
4 My blood group is A. My blood group is AB.
Which statements describe characteristics that show discontinuous variation?

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39 Flower colour is controlled by a single pair of alleles, the allele for red colour is dominant to the
allele for white colour.
A plant homozygous for red flower colour is crossed with a plant homozygous for white flower
colour. All the resulting plants have red flowers (F1 generation).
When these are crossed with each other, 18 plants were obtained. 12 plants have red flowers
and 6 have white flowers (F2 generation).
What ratio is expected in the F2 generation and what ratio has been obtained?
expected ratio obtained ratio

red to white red to white
A 1:1 1:1
B 1:1 2:1
C 3:1 2:1
D 3:1 3:1
40 A recessive homozygote is crossed with a heterozygote.
What will be the phenotypes of the F1 generation?
A all dominant
B 0.75 dominant 0.25 recessive
C 0.5 dominant 0.5 recessive
D 0.25 dominant 0.5 heterozygous 0.25 recessive
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GCE O LEVEL - OCT/NOV 2006 5090 01
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 B 21 C
2 D 22 C
3 D 23 C
4 C 24 A
5 B 25 C
6 D 26 C
7 A 27 C
8 B 28 C
9 B 29 D
10 B 30 D
11 C 31 A
12 C 32 A
13 D 33 A
14 B 34 B
15 C 35 C
16 A 36 A
17 D 37 C
18 A 38 B
19 D 39 C
20 C 40 C
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© UCLES 2006
BIOLOGY 5090/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2007
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet 1 hour
Soft clean eraser
1 The diagram shows three different cells, not drawn to the same scale.
1 2 3
Which are animal cells?

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3
2 Which is an example of active transport?
A movement of glucose into the cells of the villi

B movement of glucose molecules down a concentration gradient
C movement of ions in blood plasma
D movement of water in the transpiration stream
3 Five pieces are cut from a potato, all of equal size and shape. The pieces are then placed in
sugar solutions of different concentrations. After four hours, the change in length of each potato
piece is measured.
The results are shown in the graph.
percentage
+
change in concentration
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 of sugar solution
length of potato
– (mol dm–3)
Which concentration of sugar solution has approximately the same water concentration as the
potato?
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C 0.30 mol dm–3

D 0.40 mol dm–3
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4 A dish is filled with agar jelly containing protein. Four holes are cut in the jelly and each hole is
filled as shown. Pepsin is a protease found in the stomach.
After 30 minutes, which hole will be surrounded by the largest area without protein?
pepsin solution
distilled pepsin solution and

water D B hydrochloric acid
C
agar jelly
containing protein
boiled pepsin
solution
5 What is due to the lack of magnesium ions in plant leaves?
A all leaves very dark green

B leaves yellow between the veins
C wilting of the leaves
D young leaves become long and thin
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6 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the volume of gas produced by an aquatic plant
under different conditions of light intensity and temperature.
bubbles of gas
water
aquatic plant
Which conditions result in the greatest production of gas by the plant?
light intensity temperature / °C

A high 5
B low 5
C high 25
D low 25
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7 The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis in a plant in full sunlight at two different temperatures
and different concentrations of carbon dioxide.
30 °C
20 °C
rate of
photosynthesis
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

concentration of carbon dioxide / %
At normal atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, the rate of photosynthesis
A is limited by carbon dioxide.

B is limited by light.
C is limited by temperature.
D is not limited.
8 The symptoms of a disease include weakness, fatigue, aching and swollen joints, bruise-like
spots round the hair follicles and swollen and soft gums.
How may this disease be treated successfully?
A liver as a source of iron

B milk as a source of calcium
C oily fish as a source of vitamin D
D oranges as a source of vitamin C
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9 The diagram shows a villus.
vessel X
vessel Y
After a meal containing starch and oil, which substances are absorbed mainly into vessel X and
which substances are absorbed mainly into vessel Y?
vessel X vessel Y
A amino acids water

B fatty acids and glycerol glucose
C glucose amino acids
D water fatty acids and glycerol
10 Only two of the following statements accurately describe what happens in the mouth.
1 Amylase breaks down large starch molecules into smaller maltose molecules.
2 Chewing increases the surface area of food for digestion.
3 Saliva emulsifies fats into smaller droplets.
4 Teeth break up large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules.
Which statements are correct?

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11 The diagram shows a root hair absorbing ions from the surrounding soil.
What will assist the uptake of ions by the root hair?
A a higher concentration of ions in the root hair than in the soil

B a low temperature in the surrounding soil
C rapid uptake of water from the soil by osmosis
D the large surface area of the root hair
12 The photograph shows a cross-section of part of a sunflower stem under the microscope.
Which tissue transports water and mineral salts?
D C B A
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13 Which description correctly applies to blood in the pulmonary circulation?
pulmonary artery pulmonary vein
A deoxygenated high pressure

B deoxygenated low pressure
C oxygenated high pressure
D oxygenated low pressure
14 The diagram shows the investigation of blood flow in the veins of the lower arm.
Z W
A cloth is tightly wrapped round the arm at point Z and the veins stand out clearly. One finger
presses on the vein at W.
When another finger strokes the vein, as shown in the diagram, the vein lies flat between points
W and Y.
Some possible explanations are listed.
1 The bandage at Z prevents backflow of blood.

2 The finger pressed at W prevents more blood entering the vein.
3 A valve at Y prevents backflow.
4 A valve at Z prevents more blood from entering the vein.
Which explanations of the vein lying flat are correct?

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15 The diagram shows a kidney and its associated vessels.
to from
heart heart
1 2
Which structures have the most and least urea concentrations?
most least
A 1 2
B 4 1
C 4 3
D 5 3
16 Which process does not depend on respiration?
A active uptake of ions

B conduction of nervous impulses
C diffusion of glucose
D muscle contraction
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17 The diagram shows the lungs.
Which structures contain muscles that contract when breathing in?
A X only
B X and Y only
C Y and Z only
D X, Y and Z
18 Which feature of alveoli decreases the distance over which oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules
diffuse?
A Each alveolus has a large blood supply.

B Each alveolus is only 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter.
C There are approximately 150 million alveoli in each lung.
D The walls of the alveoli are only one cell thick.
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19 The diagrams show an athlete holding a ‘dipped’ position.
What are the actions of the biceps and the triceps while holding this position?
action of the action of the

biceps triceps
A contracted contracted
B contracted relaxed
C relaxed contracted
D relaxed relaxed
20 What is an example of excretion?
A release of adrenalin from the adrenal glands

B release of sweat from the sweat glands
C removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs
D removal of faeces from the alimentary canal
21 Which response to a drop in body temperature does not involve muscle contraction?
A blood vessels narrowing

B hairs standing up
C shivering
D reduced sweating
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22 The graph shows changes in the glucose concentration in the blood of a person during two hours.
blood
glucose
level
0
0 1 2
time / hours
What explains the shape of the graph after X?
A The person has eaten a sugary food.

B The person has had an insulin injection.
C The person is suffering from diabetes mellitus.
D The person starts some physical exercise.
23 In a reflex action, after the hand touches a hot object, what is the role of the brain?
receives initiates the

information withdrawal response
A
B
C
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24 The diagram shows a section through a human eye.
Which structure contains the muscles which contract to produce a focused image on the retina?
B
C
25 A student was investigating the growth of a culture of bacteria in flasks of nutrient broth.
Four substances were tested as possible antibiotics to be used against this bacterium. They were
added at different times.
Which substance is most likely to be effective against the bacterium?
key
time at which substance is added
A B
numbers of numbers of
bacteria in bacteria in
millions millions
time / hours time / hours
C D
numbers of numbers of
bacteria in bacteria in
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time / hours time / hours
26 The diagram shows a fermenter used to produce penicillin.
bubbles
of air
air in
Why is air pumped into the fermenter?
to mix culture to provide O2
A key
B = yes
C = no
D
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27 The diagram shows part of a river into which sewage is being pumped.
Some of the effects of adding sewage to the river are shown in the graph.
At which point in the river are decomposers most active?
sewage pumping
station
A
river
B D
C
oxygen
relative
amount
green algae (water plants)
nitrates
bacteria
A B C D
distance downstream
28 Which statement correctly describes factors that are passed on in an ecosystem?
A Carbohydrates are passed from decomposers to producers.

B Energy is passed from secondary consumers to primary consumers.
C Proteins are passed from primary consumers to producers.
D Water is passed from respiring decomposers to producers.
29 The diagram shows a pyramid of numbers in an ecosystem.
In which group of organisms are the individuals largest?
D
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30 In the nitrogen cycle, which conversion processes can be carried out by animals, by bacteria and
by plants?
animals bacteria plants
A nitrate to amino acids protein to nitrogen gas nitrite to nitrate

B urea to protein nitrogen gas to ammonia amino acids to proteins
C protein to urea nitrite to nitrate nitrate to amino acids
D urea to ammonia urea to protein protein to nitrogen gas
31 Which stages of the life cycle of the malarial vector live in water?
larva pupa adult
A
B
C
D
32 Why is it important to control the amount of nitrate fertiliser used on farm land?
A Nitrate causes acid rain which kills trees and fish.
B Nitrate decreases the fertility of the soil.

C Nitrate may lead to excessive growth of water plants.
D Nitrate poisons many kinds of crop plants.
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33 The diagram represents gametes P and Q fusing to give cell R. Cell R then produces gametes S,
T, U and V.
P T
R
Q U
Which statement about the numbers of chromosomes in the cells and gametes is correct?
A The numbers of chromosomes in P and Q are different.

B The numbers of chromosomes in P and S are the same.
C The number of chromosomes in S is one quarter of the number of chromosomes in R.
D The number of chromosomes in T is half the number of chromosomes in Q.
34 In the experiment shown, each test tube contains mustard seeds on cotton wool.
dark box light
key
liquid
damp cotton wool
to absorb
oxygen dry cotton wool
1 2 3 4 5
Which two test tubes should be compared to discover whether light is needed for germination of
these seeds?

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35 This diagram shows the reproductive system of a human female.
Where does fertilisation take place?
36 The table shows the average pregnancy rates amongst couples using different methods of
contraception.
contraception average number of pregnancies

method per 1000 couples per year
condom 55
contraceptive pill 4
rhythm method 125
spermicide 80
Which type of contraception is the least reliable?
A chemical
B hormonal
C mechanical
D natural
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37 Below is a family tree showing the inheritance of the ability to taste a certain substance. The
allele for the ability to taste this substance is dominant to the allele for the inability to taste it.
Ron Mary 1st generation
key
a male ‘taster’
a female ‘taster’
Roger Doris 2nd generation a male ‘non-taster’
a female ‘non-taster’
? 3rd generation
What is the probability of the second child of Roger and Doris being a ‘non-taster’?
A 0.25 B 0.34 C 0.5 D 1.00
38 In rabbits the allele for black hair is dominant. A heterozygous black-haired rabbit is crossed with
a heterozygous black-haired rabbit.
Which phenotypic ratio would result?

A 1:1 B 1:2:1 C 3:1 D all similar
39 A farmer saves the seeds from his best maize crop plants to sow for next year’s crop.
This is an example of
A artificial selection.
B genetic engineering.
C natural selection.
D variation.
40 Two heterozygotes are crossed. Some of the offspring show the recessive characteristic.
What is the probability that the offspring that show the recessive characteristic are homozygous?
A 0.00 B 0.25 C 0.50 D 1.00

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GCE O LEVEL – May/June 2007 5090 01
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 C 21 D
2 A 22 A
3 B 23 B
4 B 24 B
5 B 25 D
6 C 26 A
7 A 27 B
8 D 28 D
9 B 29 D
10 A 30 C
11 D 31 B
12 C 32 C
13 B 33 B
14 C 34 A
15 D 35 B
16 C 36 D
17 C 37 C
18 D 38 C
19 C 39 A
20 C 40 D
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BIOLOGY 5090/01
Soft clean eraser
1 When a red stain is added to a culture containing both living and dead cells, only the dead cells
take up the stain.
Which structure prevents the stain entering the living cells?
A cell membrane B cell wall C cytoplasm D vacuole
2 The diagram shows some cells in a root of an actively growing plant.
1 3
How does the water potential of the cell marked 2 differ from the water potential of the cell
marked 3 and how do mineral ions mainly enter the cell marked 1?
water potential of mineral ions mainly

the cell marked 2 enter the cell marked 1
A higher than cell 3 by active transport

B higher than cell 3 by diffusion
C lower than cell 3 by active transport
D lower than cell 3 by diffusion
3 The mass of a cube of fresh potato is found. It is then placed in a test-tube containing a dilute
solution of sucrose. After a day, its mass has increased.
Which process has occurred and what has happened to the concentration of the sucrose in the
solution in the test-tube?
process sucrose concentration
A active transport decreased

B active transport increased
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4 Which statement about enzymes is essential to the lock and key hypothesis?
A Enzyme molecules are catalysts.

B Enzyme molecules can be damaged by high pH values.
C Enzyme molecules can be damaged by high temperatures.
D Enzyme molecules each have a distinct shape.
5 Magnesium is an essential element for
A the formation of cell walls.

B the formation of chlorophyll.
C the formation of proteins.
D the process of cell division.
6 An indicator solution shows the following colour changes.
pH 7 : orange
pH below 7 : yellow
pH above 7 : purple
Consider the experiment represented by the diagram below. The indicator was orange in both
tubes at the beginning of the experiment.
both tubes left in the light
tube 1 tube 2
pond weed
black
paper
indicator
solution
Which colours would the indicators show after three hours?
tube 1 tube 2
A purple orange
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C yellow purple
D yellow orange
7 The graph shows the effects of carbon dioxide and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
high CO2
rate of
photosynthesis low CO2
light intensity
Which statement is supported only by evidence from the graph?
A Carbon dioxide limits the rate of photosynthesis at low light intensities.

B Light intensity and carbon dioxide both limit the rate of photosynthesis.
C The rate of photosynthesis is proportional to light intensity.
D Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis.
8 A person tries eating a diet consisting only of lettuce leaves and water.
Which condition might develop?
A constipation
B heart disease
C rickets
D scurvy
9 Which of these human teeth are used for grinding?
1 2 3 4

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10 A protein solution is tested using three different reagents.
Which set of results is obtained?
iodine solution Benedict’s solution biuret solution
A black blue blue

B black red blue
C brown blue purple
D brown red purple
11 The diagram shows sections through the stem and root of a dicotyledonous plant.
E J
F K
G L
H M
Which structures transport sugars through the stem and root?
A E and J B F and L C G and M D H and K
12 Which adaptations of a root hair cell make it suitable for water uptake?
partially permeable cell surface area to volume

membrane ratio of the cell
A absent high
B absent low
C present high
D present low
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13 The diagram shows the pressures in the left side of the heart during one heart beat.
At which time in the heart beat cycle are all four of the heart valves closed?
20
aorta
pressure /
10
kPa
left ventricle
left atrium
0
0 0.8
A B C D
time / s
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14 The diagram shows a vertical section through the heart.
1 3
2 4
left ventricle
What are the functions of the numbered blood vessels?
carries blood carries blood carries blood carries blood

to body to lungs from lungs from body
A 1 2 3 4
B 1 3 4 2
C 2 4 3 1
D 3 1 4 2
15 After muscular exercise, which blood vessel carries the lowest concentration of carbon dioxide?
A hepatic artery
B pulmonary vein
C renal artery
D vena cava
16 Which changes occur as a person breathes in deeply?
diaphragm muscle external intercostal muscles
A contracts contract
B contracts no change
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17 Which do the cilia do in the bronchi of the lungs?
trap bacteria move mucus out of the lungs
A key
B = function of the cilia
C = not a function of the cilia
D
18 The diagram shows apparatus to investigate inspired and expired air. A person breathes in and
out through tube X.
P Q
lime
water
What are the carbon dioxide concentrations at P and Q?
CO2 at P (%) CO2 at Q (%)
A 16 20
B 0.04 4.00
C 4.00 0.04
D 20 16
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19 The diagram shows three bones from the forelimb of a mammal.
1 4
5
2
Between which parts is a ball and socket joint formed?
20 Urea is removed by the kidneys.
What is this process called?
A dialysis B diffusion C egestion D excretion
21 The diagram shows skin temperature of a human when exposed to warm air and then exposed to
cold air.
human in warm air human in cold air
key
skin
temperature
above 26 °C
26 °C or below
What causes the observed change in skin temperature on exposure to cold air?
A less blood flowing just below the skin
B less blood going to the heart and lungs
C more blood flowing just below the skin
D more blood going to the heart and lungs
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22 The diagram shows the central nervous system which has been blocked in three different places
by a drug used as an anaesthetic.
brain
sensory nerve spinal cord

Z
X
motor nerve
Of four men, one had no anaesthetic block and the other three had only one anaesthetic block at
X, Y or Z.
One of the men can move his leg in response to a pinprick, but does not feel it.
Where is the anaesthetic block?
A block is at X
B block is at Y
C block is at Z
D no block
23 Which is a function of adrenalin?
A to convert glycogen into glucose

B to decrease the breathing rate
C to increase the rate of peristalsis in the ileum
D to stimulate cells of the liver to take up glucose
24 What happens to these structures when focussing on an object near the eye?
ciliary muscles suspensory ligaments
A contract tighter
B contract looser
C relax tighter
D relax looser
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25 Some drugs are listed.
1 alcohol
2 heroin
3 penicillin
Which of these drugs may be addictive, leading to possible withdrawal symptoms when their use
is discontinued?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3
26 What do microorganisms release during the production of bread and cheese?
bread cheese
A alcohol acid
B alcohol alcohol
C water acid
D water alcohol
27 New yoghurt can be made by adding a small amount of old yoghurt to some fresh, sterile milk.
What does the old yoghurt provide that is essential for this process?
A bacteria B protein C sugar D vitamins
28 Which diagram shows part of the energy flow in an ecosystem?
A B C D
Sun Sun Sun Sun
producers producers producers producers
consumers consumers consumers consumers
29 The diagram shows a food web.
owl hawk
squirrel
mouse
beetle
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fungus tree
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03
materials?
A beetle B fungus C owl D tree
© UCLES 2007 5090/01/O/N/07
nitrogen
P in the air
Q
organic organic
nitrates in R S
substances substances
the soil
in plants in animals
Which stages involve bacteria? T
A P, Q and T B P, R and S C Q, S and T D R, S and T

31 Some samples are taken from a human patient.
Which sample could be examined to find out whether the patient is infected with the malarial
parasite?
A red blood cells B saliva C urine D white blood cells
32 Many rivers are becoming clogged up by rapidly growing plants due to high levels of soluble
nitrates.
Which is the main source of these nitrates?
A decay of animals C drainage of fertilisers
B denitrification by bacteria D pollution from the atmosphere
33 The diagram shows a section through a flower.
2
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In which structures are haploid nuclei formed by reduction division?

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34 Six bean seeds were soaked in water for 24 hours. Three of them were then boiled and cooled.
The boiled and the non-boiled seeds were separately chopped up and then placed on the surface
of agar jelly containing starch.
After two days, all the seeds were removed and the jelly was flooded with iodine solution.
The diagram shows the result of the experiment.
boiled seeds non-boiled key

seeds yellow/brown
colour
blue/black
colour
position of chopped
seeds at start of
experiment
What is the explanation for the results with the non-boiled bean seeds?
A They absorb iodine.

B They absorb starch.
C They contain acid.
D They contain amylase.
35 Which method of contraception is the most effective in preventing the spread of diseases such as
syphilis and HIV / AIDS?
A cervical caps / diaphragms

B male condoms
C oral contraceptive pills
D spermicides
36 What would be the result of cutting the sperm ducts on the right and left sides in a man?
A He would become sterile.

B He would be unable to develop sperms.
C He would be unable to pass urine.
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37 The inheritance of the ABO blood groups depends on three alleles IA, IB and Io.
IA and IB are codominant, Io is recessive.
What are the possible genotypes for a man of blood group A?
A IAIA only
B IAIA, and IAIB only
C IAIA, and IAIo only
D IAIA, IAIo and IAIB
38 Which statement is true of a dominant allele?
A It cannot undergo mutation.

B It gives a greater chance of survival than a recessive allele.
C It gives the same phenotype in heterozygotes and homozygotes.
D It is only responsible for male characteristics.
39 What determines the sex of a child?
A chromosome content of the ovum

B chromosome content of the sperm
C number of days between ovulation and fertilisation
D number of days between fertilisation and implantation
40 A homozygous short-winged fly is crossed with a homozygous long-winged fly.
Which phenotypic ratio would result?
A 1:1 B 1:2:1 C 3:1 D all similar

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University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2007 5090/01/O/N/07

GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2007 5090 01
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 A 21 A
2 A 22 C
3 D 23 A
4 D 24 B
5 B 25 B
6 D 26 A
7 B 27 A
8 C 28 C
9 A 29 D
10 C 30 A
11 B 31 A
12 C 32 C
13 B 33 C
14 D 34 D
15 B 35 B
16 A 36 A
17 C 37 C
18 C 38 C
19 A 39 B
20 D 40 D
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BIOLOGY 5090/01
Soft clean eraser
1 The diagram shows a typical plant cell after being placed in a concentrated salt solution for ten
minutes.
Which numbered structures are partially permeable?
A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 only
2 The small intestine of a person contains a low concentration of glucose produced from the
digestion of starch.
Glucose is taken up by the cells of the villi.
How does the glucose move?
A by active transport against the concentration gradient

B by active transport with the concentration gradient
C by diffusion against the concentration gradient
D by diffusion with the concentration gradient
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3 In an experiment to investigate the effects of heat on germinating barley grains, three petri
dishes were set up as shown in diagram 1 and left for 3 days. A solution of iodine in potassium
iodide was then added to the starch-agar substrate. The results are shown in diagram 2, in which
the shaded areas went blue / black, indicating the presence of starch.
germinating germinating barley grains

amylase solution barley grains which have been boiled
diagram 1
petri dishes
viewed from
the side
starch-agar substrate
amylase barley
solution grains
diagram 2
after 3 days, the
same petri dishes
viewed from above
P Q R
Which is the best explanation of the results?
A Amylase is produced by barley grains that have been boiled.

B Amylase from barley grains is denatured when they are boiled.
C Germinating grains prevent iodine from staining starch blue / black.
D Starch from the substrate is used by the grains as an energy source.
4 Enzyme action can be explained by the lock and key hypothesis.
Where is the active site and which acts as the lock or key?
active site lock / key
A on the enzyme substrate acts as a key

B on the enzyme substrate acts as a lock
C on the substrate enzyme acts as a key
D on the substrate enzyme acts as a lock
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5 Where and how does carbon dioxide enter a plant?
where how
A root hair cells active uptake

B root hair cells diffusion
C stomata active uptake
D stomata diffusion
6 Four tubes, A, B, C and D are left in sunlight for one hour. The bicarbonate indicator solution in
each tube is red at the start of the experiment.
Bicarbonate indicator solution stays red if there is no change in carbon dioxide concentration. The
indicator goes yellow if carbon dioxide concentration increases and purple if the carbon dioxide
concentration decreases.
In which tube does the colour change to purple?
A B C D
pond weed pond weed snails pond weed

and snails
bung
aluminium
foil cover
boiling
tube
bicarbonate indicator
solution
7 The graph shows the amount of oxygen produced by a green plant during a 24-hour period.
Which letter represents midnight?
24-hour period
amount of
oxygen
produced
per hour
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A B C D
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8 What is produced as a result of digestion by a protease?
A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glucose
D glycerol
9 For which food test must the sample be dissolved in ethanol?
A fat
B protein
C reducing sugar
D starch
10 An experiment was set up to investigate the effect of an enzyme on coagulated egg albumen.
The results, after three hours, are shown in the diagram.
water bath
glass tube
coagulated egg
albumen
enzyme and enzyme and enzyme and dilute acid dilute alkali
dilute acid dilute alkali water
Where in the digestive system is the enzyme produced?
A liver
B pancreas
C salivary glands
D stomach wall
11 When a complete ring of bark is removed from the trunk of a tree, it will eventually die because
this action cuts off the supply of
A mineral salts to the leaves.

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B nutrients to the roots.

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C oxygen to the roots.

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D water to the leaves.
12 The diagram shows a transverse section from the middle of a root of a dicotyledonous plant.
In which tissue are sugars and amino acids transported?
13 The diagram represents part of the human circulatory system.
Where is the blood pressure highest?
D A
C B
right side left side

of heart of heart
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14 The graph shows pressure changes in the left ventricle and the left atrium (auricle) in one cycle of
contraction of the heart.
During which period of time is the ventricle contracting?
20
key
pressure ventricle
/ kPa 10 atrium
0
0 1.0 time / s
A B C D
15 In the human body, blood circulating from the gut to the heart passes through the
A aorta. B kidneys. C liver. D lungs.
16 An experiment is set up as shown.

Flasks 1 and 2 contain lime water. Air is pumped through the flasks.
air flow air flow
potassium hydroxide flask 1 flask 2

solution (absorbs
living
carbon dioxide)
animals
What is the appearance of limewater in flasks 1 and 2 after a period of ten minutes?
flask 1 flask 2
A clear clear
B clear white / cloudy
C
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17 The composition of inhaled air and exhaled air is different.

Which analysis is correct?
inhaled air exhaled air
A more carbon dioxide less oxygen

B less oxygen less carbon dioxide
C more oxygen more carbon dioxide
D less carbon dioxide more oxygen
18 Which does not produce carbon dioxide?

A a muscle fibre B a sensory neuron C blood D saliva
19 The diagram shows the main muscles and bones of the arm.
Which lines correctly identify the biceps muscle, the humerus and a hinge joint?
biceps humerus hinge joint
A 3 6 1
B 4 2 5
C 3 2 5
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20 The diagram represents a kidney dialysis machine.
fresh
dialysis fluid
X
Y
blood
to patient
used
dialysis fluid
blood
from patient
Z
What are the parts labelled X, Y and Z?
water bath for

bubble trap roller pump
temperature control
A X Y Z
B Y Z X
C Y X Z
D Z Y X
21 When a person is cold, nerve impulses from the hypothalamus cause the skin to reduce the rate
of heat loss.
What is the effect of these nerve impulses on the hair erector muscles and on the arterioles near
the skin surface?
arterioles near
hair erector muscles
skin surface
A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax
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22 Adrenaline is secreted quickly when a person is frightened.
How does this affect the heart beat and the liver?
heart beat liver converts
A decreases glycogen to glucose

B decreases glucose to glycogen
C increases glycogen to glucose
D increases glucose to glycogen
23 Which part of the nervous system is the centre for processes such as thought, memory and
judgement?
A cerebellum
B cerebrum
C medulla
D spinal cord
24 The graph shows changes in a person’s blood glucose concentration over four hours.
Y
X
blood
glucose
0 1 2 3 4
time / hours
What might cause the changes at X and Y?
X Y
A decreased insulin decreased adrenaline

B decreased insulin increased adrenaline
C increased adrenaline increased insulin
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25 The table shows the death rates from lung cancer amongst smokers and non-smokers.
deaths from lung cancer

average number of
per year per 100 000
cigarettes smoked per day
people
0 10
1-14 78
15-25 127
26 or more 251
What can be concluded from the data?
A People who get lung cancer are likely to be smokers of 26 or more cigarettes per day.
B People who do not smoke will not get lung cancer.
C People who smoke have a higher chance of getting lung cancer.
D Smoking causes lung cancer.
26 What is the role of the bacteria used in cheese and yoghurt production?
A to coagulate casein to form ‘curds’

B to convert lactose to lactic acid
C to prevent the growth of pathogens
D to produce enzymes
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27 The diagram shows a fermenter used for the production of antibiotics.
motor
W X
water out
pH and
temperature
sensors
stirring
paddles
water in
Z Y
What happens at W, X, Y and Z?
air in antibiotic out nutrients in waste gases out
A W X Y Z
B W Y Z X
C Y Z W X
D Z W X Z
28 A decrease in the numbers of producers in a food chain will cause
A the consumers to increase in numbers.

B more animals to migrate into the area.
C the total productivity to increase.
D the total biomass to decrease.
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29 The diagram shows a food web from an ecosystem.
badgers lizards coyotes
squirrels insects pronghorn deer
sagebrush prickly pear
If the population of insects decreases, which other population will decrease the most?
A badgers
B lizards
C sagebrush
D squirrels
carbon dioxide
in atmosphere
1
4
2
carbon carbon 3 carbon

compounds compounds compounds in
in plants in animals decomposers
Which numbered arrows represent respiration?
31 Which term describes the role of the mosquito in the transmission of malaria?
A parasite
B pathogen
C pest
D
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32 Cutting down large areas of tropical forest can lead to a reduction in rainfall.
What is the reason for the reduction in rainfall?
A a reduction in photosynthesis
B a reduction in transpiration
C an increase in flooding
D an increase in respiration
33 New plants may be grown from groups of cells that are taken from other plants.
The diagram shows part of plant X.
From which structure will cell samples grow into new plants that are genetically identical to
plant X?
34 In plant reproduction, the following processes occur.
1 fertilisation
2 growth of a pollen tube
3 pollination
4 seed germination
In which order do these processes take place?
A 1→4→2→3
B 2→1→3→4
C 3→2→1→4
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3 1
In which parts are the eggs and the zygote formed?
eggs zygote
A 1 2
B 1 3
C 2 1
D 2 3
36 The diagram shows the male reproductive and urinary systems.
Which structure produces the fluid part of semen?
37 What causes sickle cell anaemia?
A a change in the structure of a gene

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D loss of blood following an accident
© UCLES 2008 5090/01/M/J/08
38 The diagram shows the inheritance of coat colour in mice.
Which mouse is heterozygous for coat colour?
A B C D
× × ×
female male female male
family Q
family P family R
39 Two fruit flies with normal wings were mated with each other.
For every three offspring with normal wings, there is one with short wings.
What are the genotypes of the parents?
female male
A Nn Nn key
B Nn NN N = allele for normal wings
C NN Nn n = allele for short wings
D Nn nn
40 What is a result of natural selection?
A cattle that produce large quantities of milk

B crop plants that are resistant to disease
C grapes that develop no seeds
D mosquitoes that are resistant to insecticides
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© UCLES 2008 5090/01/M/J/08

Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 D 21 A
2 A 22 C
3 B 23 B
4 A 24 D
5 D 25 C
6 B 26 B
7 A 27 C
8 A 28 D
9 A 29 B
10 B 30 B
11 B 31 D
12 B 32 B
13 B 33 D
14 B 34 C
15 C 35 C
16 B 36 C
17 C 37 A
18 D 38 C
19 C 39 A
20 B 40 D
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© UCLES 2008
BIOLOGY 5090/01
Soft clean eraser
1 The diagram shows the structure of a leaf.
Which letter identifies a cell, a tissue and an organ?
cell tissue organ
A 3 2 4
B 1 4 3
C 4 1 2
D 2 3 1
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2 Diagram 1 shows an onion cell that has been placed in pure water.
diagram 1
The cell is now placed in a concentrated sugar solution.
It changes to appear as in diagram 2.
diagram 2
Which statement explains the change?
A Sugar has moved into the cell.

B Sugar has moved out of the cell.
C Water has moved into the cell.
D Water has moved out of the cell.
3 Four tubes containing 10 cm3 of 1 % starch solution were treated in different ways and then mixed
with saliva. After 30 minutes, 1 cm3 of iodine in potassium iodide solution was added to each
tube.
In which tubes were the contents a yellow-brown colour?
tube tube tube tube

incubated at incubated at incubated at incubated at
35 °C 75 °C pH 2.5 pH 6.9
A key
B = yellow-brown colour
C
D
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4 According to the lock and key hypothesis, which is the lock and which is the key for the enzyme
lipase?
key lock
A fatty acids lipids

B lipase lipids
C lipase fatty acids
D lipids lipase
5 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
A B
rate of rate of
0 70 0 70
temperature / °C temperature / °C
C D
rate of rate of
0 70 0 70
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6 The waterweed shown in the apparatus is illuminated and is photosynthesising. The rate is
measured by bubbles of gas released.
water
light
After a few minutes the bubbles cease.
Which factor in the water might be limiting the rate of photosynthesis?
A carbon dioxide
B magnesium
C nitrate
D oxygen
7 A plant has leaves that are partly green and partly white. The plant is destarched and a leaf is
partly covered by black paper.
The plant is placed in bright light for several hours. Four discs are then cut from the leaf in the
positions shown and are tested for starch.
black paper
1
3
green area 2
white area 4
Which discs contain starch?

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8 The diagram represents a section through the small intestine.
What is the role of the structures labelled X?
A They help to move the food along.

B They make a large surface area for absorption.
C They protect against bacteria.
D They move mucus over the surface.
9 The diagram represents a villus.
1
2
3
4 3
Which sequence correctly describes the functions of the numbered parts?
1 2 3 4
A absorbs digested fats absorbs glucose produces enzymes produces mucus

B absorbs digested fats absorbs glucose produces mucus produces enzymes
C
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10 It has been shown that animals restricted to a diet of milk only, eventually suffer from blood
disorders involving a lack of pigment in their red blood cells.
Which is the most likely explanation of this?
A Milk is deficient in iron.

B Milk contains more calcium than is required by most animals.
C Milk is deficient in vitamin A.
D Milk contains no roughage.
11 Crop plants are grown in well-watered soils.
Their root hair cells have higher concentrations of mineral ions than in the soil surrounding them.
What processes are used by these plants to absorb water and mineral ions?
water mineral ions
A active uptake osmosis

B diffusion osmosis
C osmosis diffusion
D osmosis active uptake
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12 The diagram shows two plant cells, X and Y, drawn to different scales.
X Y
Samples of the contents of X and Y were tested.
What results are expected?
X Y
Benedict’s Benedict’s
iodine iodine
reagent reagent
A + + + + key
B + – + – – = negative result
C – + – + + = positive result
D – – – –
13 The graph shows the pressure changes in the left atrium and the left ventricle while the heart is
beating.
At which point do the atrio-ventricular (bicuspid and tricuspid) valves close?
16
key
pressure left atrium
/ kPa 8 left ventricle
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A B C D
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14 The table shows substances that pass between capillaries and tissues in a part of the body.
into the capillaries out of the capillaries

substance
from the tissues into the tissues
oxygen key
carbon dioxide = does pass
amino acids
urea
In which part of the body are these capillaries?
A between the alveoli

B in the kidney
C in the liver
D in the villi
15 Look at the diagram of a heart.
Which vessel is a vein carrying oxygenated blood?
B C
D
A
bicuspid
tricuspid valve
valve
16 Which equation represents anaerobic respiration in yeast?
A glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
B glucose → alcohol + water
C glucose → lactic acid + carbon dioxide

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17 The table shows the composition of inspired and expired air.
inspired air % expired air %
oxygen 20 16
carbon dioxide 0.04 X
nitrogen and inert gases 79.96 Y
What are the likely percentages at X and Y?
X Y
A 0.04 83.96
B 4 80
C 20 64
D 83.96 0.04
18 The diagram shows an investigation into the respiration of germinating seeds.
soda lime
(sodium hydroxide) test tube capillary tube
germinating seeds indicator fluid
The indicator fluid in the capillary tube shown in the diagram above will
A move away from the test-tube because of oxygen output by the seeds.
B move towards the test-tube because of carbon dioxide intake by the seeds.
C move towards the test-tube because of oxygen intake by the seeds.
D remain stationary, because carbon dioxide output and oxygen intake are equal.
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19 The diagram shows a bone from the forelimb. One end of the bone has been replaced with a
metal cap.
metal cap
Which bone is this, and which joint does the metal cap repair?
bone joint
A humerus elbow
B humerus shoulder
C ulna elbow
D ulna shoulder
20 Urea is produced in one organ, filtered from the blood by a second organ and stored inside a third
organ before being expelled from the body.
Which organs carry out these functions?
production filtration storage
A kidney bladder liver

B kidney liver bladder
C liver bladder kidney
D liver kidney bladder
21 What is meant by negative feedback?
A A change away from a set point causes a change back towards the set point.
B A change away from a set point causes further change away from the set point.
C A change towards a set point causes a change away from a set point.
D Changes away from a set point are prevented.
22 What is a sign of diabetes mellitus?
A glucose in the blood

B glucose in the urine
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23 Which changes occur in the body when a person is shocked?
increase in decrease in
A the diameter of the pupils in the the speed of peristalsis

eye
B the rate of conversion of the diameter of the pupils in the
glycogen to glucose eye
C the rate of urine formation the rate of conversion of
glycogen to glucose
D the speed of peristalsis the rate of urine formation
24 The diagram represents a central nervous system. X,Y, and Z show possible sites where the
system can be blocked by a local anaesthetic.
brain
sensory nerve spinal cord

Z
X
motor nerve
Of four men, one had no anaesthetic block and the other three had only one anaesthetic block at
X, Y or Z.
One of the men can feel a pinprick on his leg but cannot move it.
Where is the anaesthetic block?
A block is at X
B block is at Y
C block is at Z
D no block
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25 The bar chart shows the percentage of women who gave birth to babies of low weight, amongst
smokers and non-smokers.
30 %
key
percentage of women
having babies with smokers
low birth weight
non-smokers
What is shown by the bar chart?
A More women smoke during pregnancy than do not.

B Smoking during pregnancy has no effect on birth weight.
C Smoking in pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight.
D Women whose babies have low birth weight must have smoked in pregnancy.
26 The table shows the characteristics of four microbes.
Which one could be a virus?
contains one or contains one or produces

contains DNA
more cells more cell nuclei spores
A key
B = true
C = false
D
27 Which group of waste materials are likely to be decomposed most quickly by the action of
micro-organisms?
A glass and building bricks

B shredded paper
C mouldy food
D toxic chemicals
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28 The graph shows changes in population over time for plant and animal plankton in a lake.
plant animal
plankton plankton
population
size
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
time (months)
Consider the following statement in relation to the data provided by the graph.
‘Population changes in animal plankton lag behind similar changes in plant plankton because the
animals feed on the plants.’
Into which category does the statement fall?
A It is a reasonable interpretation of the data.

B It is a restatement of the data, not an interpretation.
C It is contradicted or not supported by the data.
D More data are required in order for this interpretation to be made.
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eagle fox badger
ladybird thrush hedgehog
aphid caterpillar snail slug
tree
Which is a pyramid of numbers based on this food web?
A B
C D
30 Which group of bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates in the nitrogen cycle?
A anaerobic bacteria
B denitrifying bacteria
C nitrifying bacteria
D nitrogen fixing bacteria
31 Which method of malarial control is effective against both adult and larval forms of the mosquito?
A covering standing water

B draining swamps
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spraying oil on standing water
32 In recent years, important rivers in many parts of the world have become more acidic.
What has caused this change?
A air pollution by sulphur dioxide

B deforestation
C increased use of insecticides
D increased use of nitrate fertilisers
33 The diagram shows the life cycle of a species of plant.
During which stage does reduction division occur?
mature plant
A
C
ovule pollen
D daughter
plant
seed B
34 The diagram represents a section through the human skin.
In which part is mitosis occurring most rapidly?
blood capillary
sweat
gland C
35 What is an advantage of feeding a baby with bottled milk rather than breast milk?
A Breast milk contains antibodies.

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D The milk is always at the right temperature.
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36 The diagram shows the changes in the thickness of the uterus lining of a woman during her
menstrual cycle.
At which time is the woman most likely to be fertile?
thickness of B
the uterus
lining A C
0 14 28 42
days
37 When a breed of cattle with red coats is crossed with the same breed with white coats, the
offspring all have coats with a mixture of red and white hairs, a condition called roan.
If roan cows were crossed with a red-coated bull, the theoretical ratio of the offspring would be
A all red.
B all roan.
C 1 red : 1 roan.
D 3 red : 1 roan.
38 The diagram shows a simple genetic cross between a red flower and a white flower.
Which represents the dominant phenotype?
A key
x
B red flower
RR rr
C
white flower
R r
R Rr r
D
Rr Rr
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39 Six processes in genetic engineering are listed.
1 The bacterium is cloned.

2 The gene is copied.
3 The gene is switched on.
4 The gene is transferred into a bacterium.
5 The human gene is isolated.
6 The protein, insulin, is synthesised.
Which four processes, in the correct order, show the production of human insulin by bacteria?
A 2→3→5→6
B 3→1→4→6
C 5→3→2→6
D 5→4→1→6
40 Which blood group genotype is homozygous dominant?
A IA I O
B IA I B
C IB I B
D IO I O
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Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 C 21 A
2 D 22 B
3 B 23 A
4 D 24 B
5 D 25 C
6 A 26 A
7 C 27 C
8 B 28 A
9 D 29 A
10 A 30 C
11 D 31 C
12 D 32 A
13 B 33 A
14 C 34 A
15 D 35 C
16 A 36 B
17 B 37 C
18 C 38 D
19 B 39 D
20 D 40 C
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1 The diagram shows a plant cell.
Which structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell?
A
D
C B
2 Which liquid has the highest water potential at atmospheric pressure?
A distilled water
B leaf cytoplasm
C root hair cell sap
D soil water
3 The arrows represent the movement of salts into a root hair cell.
low salt concentration in soil water
high salt concentration in cell
What describes the movement of the salts?
A active transport against the concentration gradient

B active transport down the concentration gradient
C diffusion against the concentration gradient
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4 Four test-tubes containing egg white are incubated for ten minutes at 35 °C. Different substances
are then added to the four test-tubes.
In which test-tube is the egg white first digested?
substances added
A 1 cm3 lipase solution and three drops of sodium hydroxide solution

B 1 cm3 protease solution and three drops of dilute hydrochloric acid
C 1 cm3 protease solution and three drops of water
D 1 cm3 lipase solution and three drops of water
5 The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis in a pea plant at different light intensities.
At which point is carbon dioxide concentration a limiting factor?
high carbon dioxide

concentration
C
rate of D
photosynthesis low carbon dioxide
concentration
B
0
0A light intensity
6 The apparatus in the diagram is used to investigate whether carbon dioxide is given off by a
green plant.
air in to air pump
potassium clear limewater

hydroxide
Which precaution is not necessary?
A enclosing the soil and the pot in a sealed plastic bag

8
B placing the plant overnight in the dark before the experiment

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D using fresh limewater
7 The diagram shows the shapes of the cells in a section of a leaf.
Which cells contain chloroplasts?

A 1 and 2 B 2 only C 2 and 3 only D 2, 3 and 4
8 Bread contains dietary fibre, fat, protein and starch.
Which substance contributes least to the energy obtained by a person eating the bread?
A dietary fibre B fat C protein D starch
9 The diagram shows the position of the teeth in a human jaw.

1
Which teeth are found at the positions numbered 1, 2 and 3?

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6-
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C 2 1 3
D 3 2 1
10 The diagram shows the human gut.
5 2
3
4
Which numbered structures secrete digestive enzymes?
A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2, 3 and 6
C 2, 3, 4 and 5
D 2, 3, 5 and 6
11 What are the functions of the xylem?
carrying carrying carrying giving

sugars water mineral ions support
A key
B = a function of xylem
C = not a function of xylem
D
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12 Which graph shows the effect of increasing humidity on the transpiration rate of a plant?
A B
transpiration transpiration
rate rate
0 0
0 humidity 0 humidity
C D
transpiration transpiration
rate rate
0 0
0 humidity 0 humidity
16
X
key
12
pressure in atrium
8
kPa
4 W
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
time / s
Between points W and X, are the following valves open or closed?
atrio-ventricular semi-lunar
A closed closed
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C open closed
D open open
14 The diagram represents a tissue with an adjacent capillary.
1 2 3
arterial venous
end of a end of a
capillary capillary
blood flow
Which substances can 1, 2 and 3 represent?
1 2 3
A glucose tissue fluid carbon dioxide

B oxygen carbon dioxide glucose
C tissue fluid glucose oxygen
D tissue fluid oxygen carbon dioxide
15 A vein has a wider lumen than an artery.
What is the advantage of this?
A bringing blood into close contact with the tissues

B offering less resistance to blood flow
C preventing back flow of blood
D resisting high blood pressure from the heart
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16 The diagram shows some structures in the thorax.
1 2
Which row in the table identifies the structures labelled 1, 2 and 3?
1 2 3
A larynx cilia bronchus

B larynx bronchus bronchiole
C trachea bronchus bronchiole
D trachea cilia bronchus
17 A student’s rate and depth of breathing are measured before exercise and then after exercise.
The results are plotted on two graphs showing the volume of air breathed in and out in
12 seconds.
before exercise after exercise

5 5
volume of air volume of air
taken in at taken in at
volume volume
each breath each breath
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
time / seconds time / seconds
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A 0.5 dm3 B 1 dm3 C 1.5 dm3 D 8 dm3
© UCLES 2009 5090/01/M/J/09
18 When yeast cells respire anaerobically, which substance is used and which substances are
produced?
substance used substances produced
A alcohol carbon dioxide and water

B alcohol lactic acid and water
C sugar alcohol and carbon dioxide
D sugar carbon dioxide and water
19 The diagram shows the bones and muscles of the forelimb.
2
1
Which structures and functions are used in the straightening of the forelimb at the elbow joint?
type of joint used muscle 1 muscle 2
A ball and socket contract relax

B ball and socket relax contract
C hinge contract relax
D hinge relax contract
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20 The diagram shows the human excretory system.
X
What is the function of X?
A to excrete urea
B to produce urea
C to produce urine
D to store urine
21 A person walks from a warm room into a cold one.
Which of these reactions occurs first?
A cold receptors in the skin are stimulated

B cooler blood reaches the brain
C deep arterioles in the skin dilate
D shivering begins
22 The diagram shows the dorsal view of the central nervous system.
brain
dorsal
view
Which structures are visible?

8
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C spinal nerves, cerebrum, medulla, pituitary gland

D spinal cord, medulla, cerebrum, hypothalamus
© UCLES 2009 5090/01/M/J/09
23 The diagram shows part of a person’s nervous system that has been cut at X.
X
sensory
neurone
motor
bee neurone
A bee stings the finger, as shown.
What are the effects of this sting on the person?
pain felt arm moved
A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes
24 What is an effect of insulin?
A decreased cell respiration

B decreased absorption of glucose by cells
C increased excretion of glucose
D increased synthesis of glycogen
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25 The diagram shows the human eye in section.
There are circular muscles at X and Y.
What happens to the circular muscles at X and Y when the eye focuses on a near object in bright
light?
X Y
A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax
26 Which substance is produced during cheese production and what is the effect of this substance
on milk proteins?
substance effect on milk

produced proteins
A acid solidifies
B alcohol digests
C acid digests
D alcohol solidifies
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27 The table shows some structures found in four different cells.
Which cell is from a fungus?
cell nuclear
cell wall chloroplasts
membrane membrane
A key
B = present
C = absent
D
28 A lake in a temperate country has warm summers. It has cool winters from November to March.
The graph shows populations of plant and animal plankton during one year.
plant animal
plankton plankton
population
size
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
time (months)
It was suggested that the plant population decreased due to a fall in water temperature.
Into which category does this suggestion fall?
A It is a reasonable interpretation of the evidence.

B It is a restatement of the evidence, not an interpretation.
C It is contradicted or not supported by the evidence.
D More evidence is required to support this interpretation.
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29 A sparrowhawk eats small birds that feed on caterpillars. Caterpillars feed on plant leaves.
Which diagram shows the pyramid of biomass for this food chain?
A B
C D
_ _
30 The change of nitrite ion (NO 2 ) to nitrate ion (NO 3 ) takes place by the action of
A bacteria in root nodules of leguminous plants.

B denitrifying bacteria.
C nitrifying bacteria.
D nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil.
31 Which method will not help to control the transmission of malaria?
A draining areas of open water

B ensuring that sewage does not contaminate water
C sleeping under a mosquito net
D spraying ponds and ditches with insecticide
32 Which term is used to describe both of these processes?
Process 1 In some towns, empty glass bottles are melted down. The new glass is used to make
new bottles.
Process 2 Bacteria in the soil break down protein in dead animals and plants. The nitrates
released by the bacteria are used by plants.
A conservation
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D recycling
33 The table shows some features of cell division.
Which line correctly describes the division of a cell by mitosis?
number of number of new cells genetically

used in growth
chromosomes daughter cells identical to parent cell
A halved 2 no no
B halved 4 yes no
C stays the same 2 yes yes
D stays the same 4 no yes
34 The diagram shows some peas that have been left to germinate.
X Y
peas on wet cotton wool
peas covered with water
The peas in X germinate. The peas in Y do not germinate.
What is the reason for this difference?
A The water in Y does not contain enough dissolved carbon dioxide.

B The water in Y does not contain enough dissolved oxygen.
C The water in Y does not contain enough nitrates.
D The water in Y does not let enough light through.
35 When a fetus is in the uterus, what carries oxygen away from the placenta?
A the amniotic fluid

B the amniotic sac
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36 The diagram represents three properties of gametes.
Which area describes all male gametes of animals?
haploid A microscopic
D
C B
mobile
37 Down’s syndrome and sickle cell anaemia are both genetic diseases.
How are they caused?
Down’s syndrome sickle cell anaemia
A chromosomal mutation chromosomal mutation

B chromosomal mutation gene mutation
C gene mutation chromosomal mutation
D gene mutation gene mutation
38 A couple have three children. The table shows some of the children’s characteristics.
child sex blood group sickle-cell / normal
1 male B sickle-cell
2 female AB normal
3 male O normal
What do the characteristics show?
A continuous variation only

B discontinuous variation only
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D neither continuous nor discontinuous variation

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39 A pure-breeding red-flowered plant was crossed with a pure-breeding white-flowered plant. All
the plants of the first generation had pink flowers.
If the pink flowered plants were self-pollinated and allowed to develop, which percentage of red-
flowered plants would be expected in the second generation?
A 25 % B 60 % C 75 % D 100 %
40 In the leopard, coat colour is controlled by a single gene with two alleles, H and h. There are two
varieties - black panthers and spotted leopards.
The diagram shows a cross between a spotted leopard and a black panther. All the offspring in
the F1 generation were spotted leopards. The results of a cross between two animals of the F1
generation are also shown.
parents
spotted leopard black panther
F1 ×
F2
What are the genotypes of the original two parents?
spotted leopard black panther
A HH hh
B HH Hh
C Hh hh
D hh HH
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Page 2 Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 B 21 A
2 A 22 B
3 A 23 A
4 B 24 D
5 D 25 A
6 B 26 A
7 D 27 D
8 A 28 C
9 C 29 A
10 B 30 C
11 D 31 B
12 A 32 D
13 A 33 C
14 D 34 B
15 B 35 D
16 A 36 D
17 D 37 B
18 C 38 B
19 C 39 A
20 D 40 A
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Soft clean eraser

B diffusion only
C active transport and osmosis only
D diffusion and osmosis only
2 The diagram represents a cell as seen under the electron microscope.
What type of cell is this?
type of cell reason
A animal cell outer layer is the cell membrane

B bacterium no chromosomes are visible
C plant cell cytoplasm is visible
D plant cell cell wall is visible
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3 The table shows the concentrations of some mineral ions in the root hair of a plant and in the soil
around it.
concentration in concentration in
mineral ion the root hair the soil
(arbitrary units) (arbitrary units)
magnesium 75 15
nitrate 126 47
How are these mineral ions absorbed from the soil by the plant?
magnesium nitrate
A active transport active transport

B active transport diffusion
C diffusion active transport
D diffusion diffusion
4 Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
In the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis, what is the lock and what is the key?
lock key
A amino acid protease

B protease amino acid
C protease protein
D protein protease
5 The diagram shows some chemical reactions that occur in plants.
1 2 3
carbon dioxide and water sugars amino acids proteins
Which stage or stages depend on the use of nitrate ions as a raw material?
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
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6 The diagram shows a transverse section of a leaf.
Which cells absorb carbon dioxide?
A 1, 2 and 3 B 2, 3 and 4 C 2, 4 and 5 D 1, 3 and 5
7 Temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration are three limiting factors in
photosynthesis.
In an experiment, each factor is increased in turn. The graph shows the results.
rate of
photosynthesis 3
2
1
0
0 time
Which numbered points represent when each factor was increased?
carbon dioxide
light intensity temperature
concentration
A 1 2 3
B 2 3 1
C 3 1 2
D 3 2 1
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8 Which row in the table correctly identifies the deficiency diseases caused by lack of vitamin C,
calcium and iron?
lack of lack of lack of

vitamin C calcium iron
A anaemia rickets scurvy

B brittle bones anaemia rickets
C rickets scurvy brittle bones
D scurvy brittle bones anaemia
9 Four bags made of partially permeable membrane are placed in tubes of water as shown in the
diagram.

bag made
of partially
permable
membrane starch reducing starch saliva
solution sugar solution
solution and saliva
water water
After 20 minutes at 35 °C a sample of the water around the bag in each tube is boiled with
Benedict’s solution.
What are the expected results?
A blue orange blue orange

B blue orange orange blue
C orange blue orange blue
D orange orange blue orange
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10 Four foods were analysed for protein, fat and carbohydrate.
Which food contains the most energy in a 100 g portion?
protein fat carbohydrate

% % %
A 20 7 1
B 10 9 20
C 4 5 6
D 0.5 0.5 5
11 During translocation in plants, which substance is moved and in which direction?
substance from to
A sucrose anthers stigmas

B sucrose leaves roots
C water roots leaves
D water soil root hairs
12 Which substances are transported in the phloem and which in the xylem?
phloem xylem
A nitrate ions sugar

B starch nitrate ions
C sugar water
D water starch
13 Blood enters the left atrium (left auricle) of the heart through
A the aorta.
B the bicuspid valve.
C the posterior vena cava.
D the pulmonary vein.
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14 The diagram shows a plan of part of the circulatory system.
lungs
X
Y
liver
gut
kidney
Which vessel must the blood pass through in flowing from X to Y?
A hepatic artery
B hepatic portal vein
C pulmonary artery
D renal vein
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At which point do the semi-lunar valves open?
A B C D
16
key
12
pressure in atrium
8
kPa
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
time / s
16 The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete
cycle of breathing.
Which position on the graph corresponds to the point at which the ribs are beginning to be
raised?
C
pressure
in lungs
A
D
expiration inspiration
time
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17 The diagram shows part of the human gas exchange system.
What are W, X, Y and Z?
bronchus bronchiole larynx trachea
A W X Z Y
B X Z Y W
C Y W X Z
D Z Y W X
18 When breathing out, which changes occur in the volume of the thorax, the rib cage and the
diaphragm?
volume of thorax rib cage diaphragm
A decreases lowered rises

B decreases raised pulled down
C increases lowered rises
D increases raised pulled down
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19 The diagram shows an arm movement.
Which joint is working to allow this movement?
A a ball and socket joint at the elbow

B a ball and socket joint at the shoulder
C a hinge joint at the elbow
D a hinge joint at the shoulder
20 The diagram represents part of a kidney machine.
blood in dialysis fluid out
dialysis fluid in
blood out
Which substance must be at the same concentration in the dialysis fluid and in the blood?
A glucose
B salt
C urea
D water
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21 When a person moves from a cold room into a hot room, the following responses occur.
1 The brain co-ordinates the response.

2 The skin begins to secrete sweat.
3 Sweat evaporates from the skin surface.
4 Temperature receptors are stimulated in the skin.
What is the correct sequence of events?
A 3→4→1→2
B 2→3→4→1
C 4→1→2→3
D 1→4→2→3
22 The diagram is a section through the human head showing the brain and associated structures.
X Z
Where are the cerebellum and the pituitary gland?
cerebellum pituitary gland
A W Z
B X Y
C Y W
D Z X
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23 A person is sitting in a dark room.
What happens in the eye when a light is switched on?
circular muscle of iris size of pupil
A contracts decreases
B contracts increases
C relaxes decreases
D relaxes increases
24 Which disease can be caused by excessive consumption of alcohol?
A bronchitis
B cirrhosis
C emphysema
D lung cancer
25 A patient with a sore throat went to the doctor. The doctor examined the patient and then
prescribed an antibiotic as treatment.
What was the cause of the sore throat?
A bacteria
B tobacco smoke
C viruses
D yeasts
26 Two species of bacteria work together and make yoghurt.
What do they produce?
ethanol lactic acid protease
A
B
C
D
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27 The graph shows the rate of growth of the fungus Penicillium and the amount of penicillin
produced when grown in a fermenter.
10 600
9 540
8 480
rate of 7 420
growth / units of
6 360
arbitary Penicillium penicillin
units of 5 300 produced
Penicillium penicillin
4 240
3 180
2 120
1 60
0 0
0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
time (hours)
After how long should the penicillin be removed from the fermenter to obtain the most yield in the
shortest time?
A 54 hours B 80 hours C 96 hours D 120 hours
28 Which situation does not involve the cycling of the factor named?
A carbon dioxide between plants, animals and the atmosphere

B energy along a food web of producers and consumers
C nitrogen between plants, animals, bacteria and the atmosphere
D water in an ecosystem
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29 The diagram below shows part of a pond food web.
microscopic
microscopic animal
algae
How many primary consumers are shown in this food web?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
Which stage depends on nitrifying bacteria?
plant protein animal protein

A
nitrogen dead matter
D B
C
nitrate ammonia
31 What are the roles of the mosquito and the malarial parasite in the spread of malaria?
mosquito malarial parasite
A host vector
B pathogen host
C pathogen vector
D vector pathogen
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32 A farmer sprays some fields with nitrogen fertilizers. Soon afterwards, the fertilizer is washed off
by heavy rain into a nearby lake. Then, a few weeks later, most of the organisms in the water die.
The list includes the main stages of this process.
P Light is blocked from deeper water plants.

Q Plants cannot photosynthesise and die.
R Algae multiply rapidly on the lake surface.
S Oxygen levels fall and aerobic organisms die.
T Aerobic bacteria feed on dead plants.
In what order do these stages occur?
A P→R→T→Q→S
B Q→S→P→R→T
C R→P→Q→T→S
D S→T→P→Q→R
33 Male and female sea urchins release their sperm and eggs into the water where fertilisation takes
place.
How can their reproduction be described?
A asexual reproduction which results in genetically dissimilar offspring

B asexual reproduction which results in genetically identical offspring
C sexual reproduction which results in genetically dissimilar offspring
D sexual reproduction which results in genetically identical offspring
34 A plant P is pollinated. A seed from this plant develops into plant Q.
The cells of plant Q contain 14 chromosomes.
How many of these chromosomes are identical to chromosomes from plant P?
if P was self if P was cross

pollinated pollinated
A 7 7
B 7 14
C 14 7
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35 What is the sequence of structures through which a mammalian sperm passes after leaving the
penis and before fusing with an ovum?
A ureter → uterus→ vagina
B vagina → fallopian tube → ovary
C vagina → urethra → fallopian tube
D vagina → uterus → fallopian tube
36 The diagram shows a fetus in the uterus.
Which substances will be at a higher concentration at Y than at X?
A carbon dioxide and glucose

B carbon dioxide and urea
C glucose and oxygen
D oxygen and urea
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37 The diagram shows two distinct forms of beetle. The difference between them is controlled by a
single gene. The allele for the black form is dominant to the allele for red.
red form black form

with black spots with red spots
What kind of variation is shown by the beetle and why?
A continuous variation because it is controlled by genes
B continuous variation because there are two forms
C discontinuous variation because it is controlled by genes
D discontinuous variation because the two forms are distinct
38 A pregnant woman is told by a genetic counsellor that her baby has equal chances of being blood
group A or blood group AB.
What are possible genotypes of the woman and her husband?
A AA and BO B AB and BO C AO and BB D AB and AO
39 Which statement about the genotypes of organisms is correct?
A Dominant alleles are only found in homozygotes.
B One recessive allele always causes a recessive phenotype.
C Recessive phenotypes must be homozygous.
D The dominant phenotype must be heterozygous.
40 The diagram shows the inheritance of a recessive characteristic that is controlled by a single pair
of alleles, T and t.
P Q
key
normal male
normal female
affected male
affected female
T represents the dominant allele and t represents the recessive allele.

What are the most likely genotypes of individuals P and Q?
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B Tt TT
C TT Tt
D TT TT [Turn over
BIOLOGY
Paper 5090/01 5090 Biology November 2009
Principal Examiner Report for Teachers
Multiple Choice
Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 D 21 C
2 A 22 D
3 A 23 A
4 C 24 B
5 B 25 A
6 C 26 B
7 A 27 C
8 D 28 B
9 B 29 B
10 B 30 C
11 B 31 D
12 C 32 C
13 D 33 C
14 C 34 C
15 B 35 D
16 C 36 C
17 D 37 D
18 A 38 A
19 B 39 C
20 A 40 D
General Comments
This paper highlighted areas that were less well known, such as basic knowledge of the nitrogen cycle and
the heart pressure graph. It was surprising to see that many candidates could not apply their knowledge of
definitions, such as in Question 11, where understanding the definition of translocation is fundamental. As
always it is important to remind candidates that every word of the stem must be read before jumping to a
conclusion, e.g. missing the word “left” in the stem of Question 13. The last two questions were not difficult,
but some candidates seem to have lost concentration by the end.
Items that were easy and / or caused no problems were Questions 8, 10, 12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29 and
32.
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BIOLOGY 5090/11 /12

Soft clean eraser
1 The photomicrograph shows onion epidermis.
Which term describes this onion epidermis?
A cell
B organ
C organ system
D tissue
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2 Identical pieces of potato are placed in sucrose solutions of different concentrations. After three
hours, the mass of each potato piece is measured.
Which graph shows the results of this experiment?
A B

0 0
sucrose concentration sucrose concentration
C D

0 0
sucrose concentration sucrose concentration
3 Which of these processes require energy from respiration?
diffusion osmosis
A key
B = energy required
C = energy not required
D
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4 Cubes of hard-boiled egg white are placed in test-tubes containing 5 cm3 of water. Other
substances are added to each tube as shown in the chart. The tubes are left for eight hours and
then tested for amino acids.
tube solution added results of test for amino acids
1 pepsin absent
2 pepsin + alkali absent
3 none absent
4 pepsin + acid large amounts
5 boiled pepsin + acid traces
6 acid traces
7 alkali absent
Which tubes show that pepsin is an enzyme?

5 Which signs show that a plant has been grown in a culture solution deficient in magnesium?
A purple leaves and poor root growth
B small leaves and thin stem
C white upper leaves and normal lower leaves
D yellow stem and yellow leaves
6 The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis of a plant at increasing light intensities at two
different carbon dioxide concentrations. The temperature is kept constant.
Y
rate of Z
photosynthesis X
light intensity
What may be limiting the rate of photosynthesis at X, Y and Z?
X Y Z
A carbon dioxide light intensity carbon dioxide
B carbon dioxide light intensity light intensity
C light intensity carbon dioxide carbon dioxide
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7 The diagram shows a section through a leaf.
4
Which cells have the functions shown?
photosynthesis transport
A 1 and 5 2 and 3
B 2 and 4 1 and 4
C 3 and 4 2 and 5
D 4 and 5 3 and 4
8 The diagram shows a section of the small intestine in which partially digested food is being
pushed along.
partially digested food
longitudinal
muscle antagonistic
circular muscle muscles
1 2
direction of movement
What is the state of the longitudinal muscles at 1and 2?
1 2
A contracted contracted
B contracted relaxed
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D relaxed relaxed
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9 In which regions of the alimentary canal does amylase act?
A mouth cavity and pancreas

B mouth cavity and ileum
C stomach and pancreas
D stomach and ileum
10 Which substances are transported in xylem and in phloem?
xylem phloem
A amino acids and mineral ions amino acids and water
B mineral ions and sucrose starch and mineral ions
C mineral ions and water sucrose and water
D starch and water sucrose and starch
11 The table shows the recommended daily intake of energy and of iron for females at four different
ages: 6 months, 5 years, 25 years and 75 years.
Which shows the recommended daily intake for the 25 year old?
energy / MJ iron / mg
A 2.7 4.3
B 6.5 6.1
C 7.6 8.7
D 8.1 14.8
12 Five similar plants are placed in test-tubes as shown.
oil to prevent
evaporation
of water
water
Some of the plants have their leaves coated with grease to reduce transpiration. Each plant is
weighed in its test-tube at the start of the experiment and again two days later.
The results are shown in the table.
mass / g
plant 1 plant 2 plant 3 plant 4 plant 5
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3-
105 121 107 111 119

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after two days 103 97 84 110 93

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Which plants had their leaves coated with grease?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 5 D 2, 3 and 5
© UCLES 2010 5090/11/M/J/10
13 The graph shows the pH of the saliva in the mouth after eating sugar.
alkaline
9
8
7 neutral
6
5 acid
pH
4
3
2
1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
time / minutes
sugar
eaten
When are conditions in the mouth most likely to cause tooth decay?
A 0-5 minutes
B 5-25 minutes
C 25-45 minutes
D 45-60 minutes
14 The diagram shows a vertical section through the heart.

2 3
1 4
left ventricle
What are the functions of the numbered blood vessels?
carries blood carries blood carries blood carries blood

to body to lungs from lungs from body
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C 2 3 4 1
D 3 2 4 1
15 The diagram represents a blood capillary with an adjacent cell. The arrows represent the transfer
of substances between the capillary and the cell.
red blood cell blood plasma capillary wall
Q R
P S
tissue fluid
cell
Which arrows represent glucose, carbon dioxide and oxygen?
carbon
glucose oxygen
dioxide
A P R Q
B Q S P
C R Q S
D S P R
16 The graph shows changes in the air pressure within the lungs during one breathing cycle.
increase
pressure / kPa air pressure in lung

100
X
decrease
stages in breathing cycle
What causes the change in air pressure during stage X?
A contraction of diaphragm muscles

B increase in volume of lungs
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3-
outflow of air from lungs

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relaxation of internal intercostal muscles

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17 What do the cilia do in the bronchi of the lungs?
trap bacteria move mucus out of the lungs
A key
B = function of the cilia
C = not a function of the cilia
D
18 Fitness training increases the concentration of lactic acid that runners can build up in their
muscles before pain stops them running.
What is a consequence of this increase?
A Aerobic respiration in muscles can be more rapid.

B Blood flow to the muscles is increased.
C More anaerobic respiration can take place in muscles.
D More energy is needed by the muscles.
19 Which cannot be an example of excretion?
A Carbon dioxide is breathed out from the lungs.

B Undigested food leaves the body through the anus.
C Urea leaves the body in urine.
D Water is removed through the kidneys.
20 Which structures are all involved in controlling human body temperature?
A blood vessels near the skin surface, the cerebellum and sweat glands
B blood vessels near the skin surface, the hypothalamus and skeletal muscles
C kidneys, the cerebellum and sweat glands
D kidneys, the hypothalamus and skeletal muscles
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21 The diagram shows a section through the brain and part of the spinal cord.
S
Q
Which row correctly identifies the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, medulla and pituitary gland?
cerebral
cerebellum medulla pituitary gland
hemisphere
A P Q R S
B P R Q S
C Q R S P
D S P R Q
22 Which is not controlled directly by the nervous system?
A blood glucose concentration

B dilation of the blood vessels
C heart rate
D pupil diameter in the eye 8
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23 The diagram shows a reflex arc in which a bee sting causes the arm to be moved quickly.
bee
If the relay neurone at Q is damaged, how will the transmission of nerve impulses in the reflex arc
be affected?
A They cannot pass from P to Q.

B They cannot pass from P to R.
C They cannot pass from Q to P.
D They cannot pass from R to Q.
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24 The diagram shows a person doing ‘pull ups’ on a horizontal bar.
X Y
In moving from the lower position X to the upper position Y, which muscles and joint movements
occur?
A contracts relaxes rotates

B contracts relaxes extends
C relaxes contracts rotates
D relaxes contracts flexes
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25 Bacteria were grown on an agar plate, until the plate was covered with visible yellow bacterial
colonies.
Four discs containing equal amounts of different antibiotics were then placed on the agar plate.
After two days, clear areas had formed around some of the discs, as shown in the diagram.
bacterial colonies
antibiotic disc
W X
clear area
Y Z
Which conclusion about this experiment is correct?
A Antibiotic W is more effective against these bacteria than antibiotic X.

B Antibiotic Y is more effective against these bacteria than antibiotic W.
C Disc W has a higher concentration of antibiotic than disc Y.
D Disc Z contains no antibiotic.
26 The diagram shows the structure of a bacterium.
In what way does this differ from a cell of a fungus?
A The bacterium has a cell membrane.

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C The bacterium has cytoplasm.

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© UCLES 2010 5090/11/M/J/10
27 During the production of yoghurt and cheese, the pH of the mixture changes.
What causes this change in pH?
A breakdown of lactose sugar

B coagulation of milk proteins
C production of ethanol
D uptake of oxygen
28 What would be an undesirable feature in an insecticide?
A It becomes more concentrated at each stage in the food web.

B It breaks down within a few months.
C It destroys one particular insect only.
D It destroys the immature forms of the insect.
29 The diagram shows a food web in woodland.
snakes birds
toads lizards beetles
locusts rats aphids snails
green plants
In this food web, the beetles are
A carnivores.
B decomposers.
C herbivores.
D producers.
30 Which bacteria convert urea to ammonia?
A decay bacteria
B denitrifying bacteria
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C nitrifying bacteria
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D nitrogen-fixing bacteria
31 Which control measure would not help to prevent the spread of malaria?
A boiling drinking water

B covering windows with netting
C draining swamps
D spraying insecticides onto stagnant water
32 Why is it important to control the amount of nitrate fertiliser used on farm land?
A Nitrate causes acid rain which kills trees and fish.
B Nitrate decreases the fertility of the soil.

C Nitrate may lead to excessive growth of water plants.
D Nitrate poisons many kinds of crop plants.
33 The diagram shows a section through a flower.
3
4
In which structures are haploid nuclei formed by reduction division?

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34 A germinating seed is soaked in blue dye, which becomes colourless in tissues that are actively
respiring.
What will be the appearance of the cotyledons, plumule and radicle?
cotyledons plumule radicle
A blue blue blue

B blue blue colourless
C colourless blue colourless
D colourless colourless colourless
35 After sexual intercourse, sperm can survive for 3 days in the uterus and oviducts. Ovulation can
occur any time from day 13 to day 15 and an egg cell can live for 2 days after ovulation.
How long is the longest possible fertile phase of the menstrual cycle?
A 2 days B 3 days C 5 days D 7 days
36 The diagram shows how the blood of a human embryo flows close to the mother’s blood in the
placenta.
mother’s
blood
embryo’s
blood
Which substances are present at X in higher concentrations than at Y?
A carbon dioxide and glucose

B carbon dioxide and urea
C glucose and oxygen
D glucose and urea
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37 Which statement about human blood groups is correct?
A A person with the blood group A cannot have an IO allele.

B A person with the blood group B may have either the genotype IBIB or IBIO.
C In a person with blood group AB, the IB allele is recessive to the allele IA.
D The alleles IO and IB are co-dominant and have equal effect on a phenotype.
38 Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce human insulin.
What is a possible danger of this procedure?
A Bacterial insulin is less effective in treating diabetes than animal insulin.

B The genetically modified bacteria may become insulin resistant.
C The genetically modified bacteria may produce too much insulin.
D The presence of a new gene in the bacteria may alter the way that existing genes work.
39 Which statement about chromosomes is correct?
A Chromosomes are long DNA molecules called genes which are divided into sections.
B Chromosomes include a long molecule of DNA divided into sections called genes.
C Chromosomes include genes which are divided into sections called DNA molecules.
D Genes include long DNA molecules called chromosomes.
40 In maize, one allele of a particular gene allows chlorophyll production while the other allele
prevents this, giving plants with cream coloured leaves.
Half the seeds from a cross between two green-leaved plants were sown in trays kept in the dark.
The other half were sown in similar conditions except that they received light.
The table gives the results obtained.
numbers of seedlings
kept in the dark kept in the light
green leaves cream leaves green leaves cream leaves
? 405 320 110
What was the number of green-leaved plants formed from seeds germinating in the dark?
A 0 B 110 C 320 D 405

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Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 D 21 A
2 C 22 A
3 D 23 B
4 C 24 A
5 D 25 A
6 C 26 D
7 A 27 A
8 B 28 A
9 B 29 A
10 C 30 A
11 D 31 A
12 B 32 C
13 B 33 A
14 D 34 D
15 D 35 D
16 C 36 B
17 C 37 B
18 C 38 D
19 B 39 B
20 B 40 A
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BIOLOGY 5090/11
Soft clean eraser
1 Which terms describe the parts of a plant?
leaf leaf mesophyll leaf epidermis
A organ cell tissue

B organ tissue tissue
C organ system tissue cell
D tissue cell cell
2 The diagram shows a root hair.
Which arrows show the direction in which it is possible for nitrate ions and water molecules to
move?
nitrate ions water molecules
A 1 only 1 and 2
B 1 and 2 1 and 2
C 1 and 2 2 only
D 2 only 1 only
3 Four identical pieces of potato are treated in two stages, as shown.
Which piece of potato will be largest after 2 hours?
stage 1 stage 2
A boiled in water for 10 minutes placed in 10 % salt solution for 2 hours

B boiled in water for 10 minutes placed in distilled water for 2 hours
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© UCLES 2010 5090/11/O/N/10
4 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on enzyme-controlled reactions?
A B
rate of rate of
reaction reaction
/ arbitrary / arbitrary
units units
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
C D
rate of rate of
reaction reaction
units units
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
5 Lack of nitrate ions (NO3–) in flowering plants causes yellowing of leaves and poor growth
whereas lack of magnesium ions (Mg2+) causes yellowing between veins of leaves.
What explains these differences?
Mg2+ NO3–
involved in involved in involved in involved in
chlorophyll protein chlorophyll protein
synthesis synthesis synthesis synthesis
A key
B = true
C = not true
8
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6 The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
rate of
photosynthesis
/ arbitrary units
0
0 light intensity
Which statement could explain what is happening at higher light intensities?
A All the available chloroplasts are fully occupied in light absorption.

B High light intensities increase the temperature above the optimum for photosynthesis.
C The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts has been damaged.
D The products of photosynthesis accumulate and inhibit photosynthesis.
7 A freshly picked leaf is placed in a sealed test-tube with some hydrogen carbonate indicator
solution. The tube is kept in the light during the day. The indicator changes colour as shown.
amount of carbon dioxide

leaf colour compared to average
atmospheric concentration
purple less than normal
hydrogen carbonate red normal

indicator yellow more than normal
Which colour will the hydrogen carbonate indicator be at midday and at midnight?
at midday at midnight
A purple yellow
B red purple
C yellow purple
D yellow red
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8 The diagram represents the liver and associated blood vessels.
1 2
liver
small
intestine
After a meal, how is the blood affected by the liver as it passes between these blood vessels?
blood vessels effect of liver
A 2 to 1 glucose added
B 2 to 1 urea removed
C 3 to 1 glucose added
D 3 to 1 urea removed
A Benedict’s
B biuret
C ethanol emulsion
D iodine solution
Which food is used to treat this disease?

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partially permeable surface area to volume

cell membrane ratio of the cell
A absent high
B absent low
C present high
D present low
12 The diagram shows part of a flowering plant.
Where does most transpiration take place?
A
upper surface of leaf
B
D
lower surface of leaf
stem
C
root
13 Vitamin C changes cholesterol into a form which is less likely to be deposited in artery walls.
Which dietary advice would help prevent coronary heart disease?
A Eat more bread and less meat.

B Eat more butter and less bread.
C Eat more meat and less oranges.
D Eat more oranges and less butter.
14 Which sequence shows the shortest route taken by blood travelling from a leg to an arm in the
human body?

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C leg → kidney → heart → lungs → arm

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D leg → lungs → heart → gut → arm
© UCLES 2010 5090/11/O/N/10
15 The diagram shows a blood capillary close to some tissue cells bathed in tissue fluid. Exchange
of nutrients takes place here.
direction of blood flow
capillary plasma
walls red blood cell
cell
tissue fluid
Which row shows the type of nutrient in the plasma and in the tissue fluid and the method of
transfer between the two?
plasma tissue fluid method of transfer
A amino acid amino acid diffusion

B amino acid protein osmosis
C protein amino acid digestion
D protein protein active uptake
16 The following changes take place in an athlete’s body during a 100 m race.
Which change occurs first?
A increased availability of oxygen to muscles

B increased breathing rate
C increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
D increased production of carbon dioxide by muscles
17 What happens to the muscles of the diaphragm, the external intercostal muscles and the position
of the diaphragm when breathing in?
diaphragm external intercostal diaphragm

muscles muscles movement
A contract contract downward

B contract relax upward
C relax contract upward
D relax relax downward
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18 The diagram shows an experiment to study respiration in growing barley seeds.
at the start after at the start after

of the four hours of the four hours
experiment experiment
dead, sterile growing barley

barley seeds seeds
vacuum
flask
cotton
wool plug
thermometer
The results of this experiment show that respiration
A produces carbon dioxide.

B releases energy.
C requires glucose.
D uses up oxygen.
19 Which bones meet at the elbow joint and what kind of movement do they allow?
bones movement
A humerus and scapula in one plane only

B humerus and scapula in three planes
C ulna and humerus in one plane only
D ulna and humerus in three planes
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20 The diagram shows a section through skin.
vessel X
sweat
gland
What happens if the body temperature starts to fall below normal?
sweat glands blood flow in vessel X
A secrete sweat decreases

B secrete sweat increases
C stop secreting sweat decreases
D stop secreting sweat increases
21 The diagram shows the structures associated with a human kidney.
Z
vena cava aorta
What are the relative concentrations of urea in X, Y and Z?
A X is sometimes higher than Y

B Y is always higher than Z
C Y is always lower than Z
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Z is sometimes lower than X

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22 The diagram shows a section through the human brain.
Y X
What are the functions of the labelled regions?
memory balance
A W X
B W Y
C X W
D X Y
23 The graph shows how the diameter of the pupil of a person’s eye changed during the course of
two minutes.
pupil
X
diameter
0 1 2
time / minutes
What happens to the light intensity at X and which muscles begin to contract?
iris muscles
light intensity
contracting
A decreases circular
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D increases radial
© UCLES 2010 5090/11/O/N/10
24 When are antibiotics likely to be most effective?
A Infection is caused by a bacterium or fungus.

B Infection is caused by a virus.
C The disease is cancerous.
D The pathogen can digest the antibiotic.
Some of the effects of adding sewage to the river are plotted in the graph.
sewage pumping
station
1
2 river
4
3
relative
amount
/ arbitrary
units X
Y
Z
1 2 3 4
position along river
Which graphs represent the bacteria and the oxygen content of the water?
bacteria oxygen
A W Y
B X Z
C Y X
D Z W
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26 The diagram shows some nerve pathways involved in temperature control of the human body.
muscle
layer
temperature skin
blood vessel
receptor
sweat gland
surface of skin
Which part of the nervous system does X represent?
A cerebrum
B hypothalamus
C medulla
D pituitary gland
27 Which organisms are used, and what is their role, in the manufacture of cheese?
organism role
A bacteria to lower the pH

B fungi to break down milk sugar
C viruses to curdle milk
D yeast to release carbon dioxide
28 Nitrates in the soil can be absorbed by plants. Nitrates can also be removed from the soil by the
action of
A bacteria in the root nodules of legumes.

B denitrifying bacteria in poorly aerated conditions.
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C nitrogen-fixing bacteria on ammonium compounds.

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D nitrogen-fixing bacteria on decaying plants.
© UCLES 2010 5090/11/O/N/10
29 A single plant provides food for many herbivores. The herbivores supply food for a few
carnivores.
W X Y Z
numbers biomass
A W Y
B W Z
C X Y
D X Z
P
nitrogen in plants nitrogen in animals
Q
S
nitrates ammonium compounds

R
Which stages depend on bacteria?
A P, Q, R and S
B P and S only
C Q and R only
D R and S only
31 What makes the female mosquito an effective vector for malaria?
A It has wings.
8
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D
6-
It mates several times.

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32 Lichens are organisms which are very sensitive to air pollution.
The graph shows how the distance from a coal-fired power station affects the number of different
types of lichen growing.
40
number of
different types
of lichen 20
growing
0
0 4 8 12 16
distance from
power station / km
Which conclusion can be drawn from this information?
A Lichens grow faster near the power station.

B Lichens grow more slowly near the power station.
C Sulfur dioxide from the power station inhibits the growth of lichens.
D There are fewer different types of lichen growing near the power station.
33 What passes down a pollen tube after pollination?
A female nucleus
B male nucleus
C ovule
D pollen grain
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34 The diagrams show two kinds of fruit.
(×1) fleshy,
colourful fruits
(×5)
1 2
How are the seeds of these fruits dispersed?
1 2
A birds mammals
B birds wind
C mammals birds
D wind mammals
35 The diagram shows a section through the female reproductive system.
During pregnancy, where does mitosis occur in the cells of the embryo?
X Y Z
A key
B = takes place
C = does not take place
D
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36 What is a reason for breast milk being better for a baby than bottled milk?
A It contains antibodies for disease protection.

B It contains calcium ions for bone development.
C It contains protein for growth.
D It contains sugar for energy.
37 Which statement is evidence that genes may be copied and passed on to the next generation?
A Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.

B Different alleles of a gene can produce variation in phenotype.
C Each species of a plant or animal has a fixed number of chromosomes.
D Sexual reproduction produces genetically different offspring.

B There are at least two different alleles of the gene for height.
C There are two different genes for height, each having a single allele.
39 The body cells of a mammal contain two copies of 24 000 genes, making 48 000 genes in total.
Of these 48 000 genes in the body cells of a mammal, how many would have been inherited from
its mother?
A 6 000 B 12 000 C 24 000 D 48 000
40 The inheritance of the ABO blood groups in humans is controlled by three alleles (IA, IB and IO),
only two of which can be present in one individual.
What are the possible blood groups of children born to a homozygous group A woman and a
heterozygous group B man?
A A and B only
B A and AB only
C A, B and AB only
D A, B, AB and O
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© UCLES 2010 5090/11/O/N/10

Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 B 21 C
2 B 22 A
3 D 23 B
4 C 24 A
5 A 25 D
6 A 26 B
7 A 27 A
8 A 28 B
9 B 29 C
10 D 30 C
11 C 31 A
12 B 32 D
13 D 33 B
14 A 34 D
15 A 35 C
16 D 36 A
17 A 37 A
18 B 38 B
19 C 39 C
20 C 40 B
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© UCLES 2010
278
BIOLOGY 5090/12
Soft clean eraser
1 The diagram represents the liver and associated blood vessels.

1 2
liver
small
intestine
After a meal, how is the blood affected by the liver as it passes between these blood vessels?
blood vessels effect of liver
A 2 to 1 glucose added
B 2 to 1 urea removed
C 3 to 1 glucose added
D 3 to 1 urea removed
Which food is used to treat this disease?
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A B D
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Benedict’s biuret C ethanol emulsion iodine solution

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© UCLES 2010 5090/12/O/N/10
4 Vitamin C changes cholesterol into a form which is less likely to be deposited in artery walls.
Which dietary advice would help prevent coronary heart disease?
A Eat more bread and less meat.

B Eat more butter and less bread.
C Eat more meat and less oranges.
D Eat more oranges and less butter.
5 Which terms describe the parts of a plant?
leaf leaf mesophyll leaf epidermis
A organ cell tissue

B organ tissue tissue
C organ system tissue cell
D tissue cell cell
6 The diagram shows part of a flowering plant.
Where does most transpiration take place?
A
upper surface of leaf
B
D
lower surface of leaf
stem
C
root
partially permeable surface area to volume

cell membrane ratio of the cell
A absent high
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B absent low
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C present high
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D present low
8 The diagram shows a root hair.

Which arrows show the direction in which it is
possible for nitrate ions and water molecules to
move?
1
nitrate ions water molecules
A 1 only 1 and 2
B 1 and 2 1 and 2
C 1 and 2 2 only
2
D 2 only 1 only
9 A freshly picked leaf is placed in a sealed test-tube with some hydrogen carbonate indicator
solution. The tube is kept in the light during the day. The indicator changes colour as shown.
amount of carbon dioxide

leaf colour compared to average
atmospheric concentration
purple less than normal
hydrogen carbonate red normal

indicator yellow more than normal
Which colour will the hydrogen carbonate indicator be at midday and at midnight?
at midday at midnight
A purple yellow
B red purple
C yellow purple
D yellow red
10 The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
rate of
photosynthesis
/ arbitrary units
0
0 light intensity
Which statement could explain what is happening at higher light intensities?
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7-
6-
3-
A All the available chloroplasts are fully occupied in light absorption.

3
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B High light intensities increase the temperature above the optimum for photosynthesis.
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C The chlorophyll in the chloroplasts has been damaged.

D The products of photosynthesis accumulate and inhibit photosynthesis.
11 Nitrates in the soil can be absorbed by plants. Nitrates can also be removed from the soil by the
action of
A bacteria in the root nodules of legumes.

B denitrifying bacteria in poorly aerated conditions.
C nitrogen-fixing bacteria on ammonium compounds.
D nitrogen-fixing bacteria on decaying plants.
12 Lack of nitrate ions (NO3–) in flowering plants causes yellowing of leaves and poor growth
whereas lack of magnesium ions (Mg2+) causes yellowing between veins of leaves.
What explains these differences?
Mg2+ NO3–
involved in involved in involved in involved in
chlorophyll protein chlorophyll protein
synthesis synthesis synthesis synthesis
A key
B = true
C = not true
D
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13 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on enzyme-controlled reactions?

A B
rate of rate of
reaction reaction
units units
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
C D
rate of rate of
reaction reaction
units units
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
14 Four identical pieces of potato are treated in two stages, as shown.
Which piece of potato will be largest after 2 hours?
stage 1 stage 2
A boiled in water for 10 minutes placed in 10 % salt solution for 2 hours

B boiled in water for 10 minutes placed in distilled water for 2 hours
C unboiled placed in 10 % salt solution for 2 hours
D unboiled placed in distilled water for 2 hours
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15 The diagram shows the structures associated with a human kidney.
Z
vena cava aorta
What are the relative concentrations of urea in X, Y and Z?
A X is sometimes higher than Y
B Y is always higher than Z
C Y is always lower than Z
D Z is sometimes lower than X
16 Which sequence shows the shortest route taken by blood travelling from a leg to an arm in the
human body?
B leg → heart → lungs → kidney → arm
C leg → kidney → heart → lungs → arm
D leg → lungs → heart → gut → arm
17 The diagram shows a section through skin.
vessel X
sweat
gland
What happens if the body temperature starts to fall below normal?
sweat glands blood flow in vessel X
A secrete sweat decreases

B secrete sweat increases
8
C
7-
stop secreting sweat decreases

6-
3-
3
D
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stop secreting sweat increases

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18 The diagrams show two kinds of fruit.

How are the seeds of these fruits dispersed?
1 2
A birds mammals
B birds wind
C mammals birds
D wind mammals
(×1) fleshy,
colourful fruits
(×5)
1 2
19 What passes down a pollen tube after pollination?

A female nucleus
B male nucleus
C ovule
D pollen grain
20 The following changes take place in an athlete’s body during a 100 m race.
Which change occurs first?
A increased availability of oxygen to muscles
B increased breathing rate
C increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
D increased production of carbon dioxide by muscles
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21 The diagram shows an experiment to study respiration in growing barley seeds.

at the start after at the start after
of the four hours of the four hours
experiment experiment
dead, sterile growing barley

barley seeds seeds
vacuum
flask
cotton
wool plug
thermometer
The results of this experiment show that respiration

A produces carbon dioxide.
B releases energy.
C requires glucose.
D uses up oxygen.
22 What happens to the muscles of the diaphragm, the external intercostal muscles and the position
of the diaphragm when breathing in?
diaphragm external intercostal diaphragm

muscles muscles movement
A contract contract downward

B contract relax upward
C relax contract upward
D relax relax downward
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23 The diagram shows a blood capillary close to some tissue cells bathed in tissue fluid. Exchange
of nutrients takes place here.
direction of blood flow
capillary plasma
walls red blood cell
cell
tissue fluid
Which row shows the type of nutrient in the plasma and in the tissue fluid and the method of
transfer between the two?
plasma tissue fluid method of transfer
A amino acid amino acid diffusion

B amino acid protein osmosis
C protein amino acid digestion
D protein protein active uptake
24 The diagram shows some nerve pathways involved in temperature control of the human body.
muscle
layer
temperature skin
blood vessel
receptor
sweat gland
surface of skin
Which part of the nervous system does X represent?
A cerebrum
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B
3-
hypothalamus
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C
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medulla
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D pituitary gland
© UCLES 2010 5090/12/O/N/10
25 The diagram shows a section through the human brain.
Y X
What are the functions of the labelled regions?
memory balance
A W X
B W Y
C X W
D X Y
26 The graph shows how the diameter of the pupil of a person’s eye changed during the course of
two minutes.
pupil
X
diameter
0 1 2
time / minutes
What happens to the light intensity at X and which muscles begin to contract?
iris muscles
light intensity
contracting
A decreases circular
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3
B decreases radial
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C
03
increases circular
D increases radial
27 The diagram shows a section through the female reproductive system.
During pregnancy, where does mitosis occur in the cells of the embryo?
X Y Z
A key
B = takes place
C = does not take place
D
28 What is a reason for breast milk being better for a baby than bottled milk?
A It contains antibodies for disease protection.

B It contains calcium ions for bone development.
C It contains protein for growth.
D It contains sugar for energy.
29 What makes the female mosquito an effective vector for malaria?
A It has wings.
D It mates several times.
30 Which organisms are used, and what is their role, in the manufacture of cheese?
organism role
A bacteria to lower the pH

8
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fungi to break down milk sugar

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C
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D yeast to release carbon dioxide
© UCLES 2010 5090/12/O/N/10
31 When are antibiotics likely to be most effective?
A Infection is caused by a bacterium or fungus.

B Infection is caused by a virus.
C The disease is cancerous.
D The pathogen can digest the antibiotic.
P
nitrogen in plants nitrogen in animals
Q
S
nitrates ammonium compounds

R
Which stages depend on bacteria?
A P, Q, R and S
B P and S only
C Q and R only
D R and S only
33 A single plant provides food for many herbivores. The herbivores supply food for a few
carnivores.
W X Y Z
numbers biomass
A W Y
B W Z
C X Y
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X Z
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34 Lichens are organisms which are very sensitive to air pollution.

The graph shows how the distance from a coal-fired power station affects the number of different
types of lichen growing.
40
number of
different types
of lichen 20
growing
0
0 4 8 12 16
distance from
power station / km
Which conclusion can be drawn from this information?

A Lichens grow faster near the power station.
B Lichens grow more slowly near the power station.
C Sulfur dioxide from the power station inhibits the growth of lichens.
D There are fewer different types of lichen growing near the power station.
35 The inheritance of the ABO blood groups in humans is controlled by three alleles (IA, IB and IO),
only two of which can be present in one individual.
What are the possible blood groups of children born to a homozygous group A woman and a
heterozygous group B man?
A A and B only
B A and AB only
C A, B and AB only
D A, B, AB and O
B There are at least two different alleles of the gene for height.
C There are two different genes for height, each having a single allele.
37 The body cells of a mammal contain two copies of 24 000 genes, making 48 000 genes in total.
Of these 48 000 genes in the body cells of a mammal, how many would have been inherited from
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7-
6-
its mother?
3-
3
-3
84
A 6 000 B 12 000 C 24 000

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D 48 000
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© UCLES 2010 5090/12/O/N/10
38 Which statement is evidence that genes may be copied and passed on to the next generation?
A Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.

B Different alleles of a gene can produce variation in phenotype.
C Each species of a plant or animal has a fixed number of chromosomes.
D Sexual reproduction produces genetically different offspring.
Some of the effects of adding sewage to the river are plotted in the graph.
sewage pumping
station
1
2 river
4
3
relative
amount
/ arbitrary
units X
Y
Z
1 2 3 4
position along river
Which graphs represent the bacteria and the oxygen content of the water?
bacteria oxygen
A W Y
B X Z
C Y X
D Z W
40 Which bones meet at the elbow joint and what kind of movement do they allow?
bones movement
A
8
humerus and scapula in one plane only

7-
6-
3-
3
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B
84
humerus and scapula in three planes

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C ulna and humerus in one plane only

D ulna and humerus in three planes
© UCLES 2010 5090/12/O/N/10

Question Question
Key Key
Number Number
1 A 21 B
2 D 22 A
3 B 23 A
4 D 24 B
5 B 25 A
6 B 26 B
7 C 27 C
8 B 28 A
9 A 29 A
10 A 30 A
11 B 31 A
12 A 32 C
13 C 33 C
14 D 34 D
15 C 35 B
16 A 36 B
17 C 37 C
18 D 38 A
19 B 39 D
20 D 40 C
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© UCLES 2010

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s-ReCourSe,38-H,DHA.lhr..........1 of 295..........call.

1 Which structures are found in animal cells and in plant cells?

2 The photomicrograph shows some human blood cells.

What is the function of these cells?

3 The diagram shows two plant cells, X and Y.

Cell X has a higher water potential than cell Y. Y

4 Which statement about enzymes is correct?

1 cm3 1 cm3 1 cm3 1 cm3

2 cm3 cloudy suspension of egg-white

A clear clear clear clear

B clear cloudy cloudy clear

C cloudy cloudy clear cloudy

D cloudy clear cloudy clear

synthesis of synthesis of synthesis of

white area of leaf

green area of leaf

Which diagram correctly shows the areas that contain starch?

produced in secreted into

dietary imbalance health problem

A lack of fresh fruit constipation and scurvy

B lack of milk and cod liver oil rickets and diarrhoea

C too many sweets and cakes anaemia and rickets

11 What are the functions of the colon?

water absorbed enzymes secreted

product of absorption in the presence absorption in the absence

amino acids 5.3 1.7

fatty acids 1.9 2.0

glucose 6.4 2.3

glycerol 4.8 4.7

Which conclusion can be drawn from these results?

B All products of digestion are absorbed by diffusion only.

C Amino acids and glucose are absorbed by active transport only.

D Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed mainly by diffusion.

13 The diagram shows cells in part of a green plant.

14 Which conditions will increase the transpiration rate of a plant?

15 The table shows features of some blood vessels.

A thick narrow away from the heart deoxygenated

vein vein vein

17 What happens during anaerobic respiration in muscles?

18 Which process does not require energy?

19 The table shows the percentage composition of four samples of air.

sample oxygen carbon dioxide water vapour

20 What happens to blood as it passes through a kidney machine?

A Carbon dioxide is removed.

5090/1O/N/02 [Turn over

What happens when muscle X contracts?

A The lower arm is extended.

23 In what way is carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke harmful?

A bee stings a finger, as shown.

pain felt arm moved

26 In a nerve pathway, the following events take place.

What is the correct order of these events?

28 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.

Where in the cycle is there a food chain?

atmospheric carbon dioxide A

carbon in decomposers C carbon in plants

Which box represents the largest total mass of living organisms?

energy from the Sun

A combustion of fossil fuels

A drainage of swamps and marshes

Which weed was best controlled by the weedkiller?

untreated part of field treated part of field

B 480 490 515 25