Designation: E 1751 – 00

Standard Guide for

Temperature Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Non-
Letter Designated Thermocouple Combinations1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope of the following thermocouple manufacturers: Carpenter Tech-

1.1 This guide consists of reference tables that give nology, Engelhard Corp. Specialty Metals Div., Hoskins Mfg.
temperature-electromotive force (emf) relationships for special Co., Johnson Matthey, Sigmund Cohn Corp.
purpose, limited use, thermocouple combinations that do not 5. Thermocouple Types
have a letter designation.
1.2 Extension wire or compensating extension wires are not 5.1 Letter symbols have not been assigned. Identification is
covered by this guide. ASTM MNL 122 or thermocouple alloy made by alloy composition with the thermoelectrically positive
suppliers should be consulted. material listed first.
5.1.1 Tungsten versus tungsten−26 % rhenium.
2. Terminology 5.1.2 Platinel II.3
2.1 Definitions: 5.1.3 KP versus gold−0.07 % iron.4
2.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide see Termi- 5.1.4 Platinum−5 % molybdenum versus platinum−0.1 %
nology E 344. molybdenum.
2.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 5.1.5 Platinum−40 % rhodium versus platinum−20 %
2.2.1 matched pairs, n—a set of positive and negative rhodium.
thermoelements chosen so that a thermocouple fabricated from 5.1.6 Nickel−18 % molybdenum versus nickel−0.8 % co-
these thermoelements will match a specified temperature- balt.5
elctromotive force relationship to within a specified tolerance, 5.1.7 Iridium−40 % rhodium versus iridium.
at the time of first use. 5.1.8 Gold versus platinum.
5.1.9 Platinum versus palladium.
3. Source of Data
6. Tolerances on Initial Values of emf versus
3.1 The data in these tables are based on the SI Volt and the
Temperature
International Temperature Scale of 1990.
3.2 All temperature–electromotive force data in Tables 1-18 6.1 Tolerances on initial values of emf versus temperature
have been developed from NIST, NRC, and wire manufactur- have not been established for the thermocouples in this guide.
ers’ data. When required, tolerances on initial values of emf versus
3.3 Tables 1-14 give emf values in millivolts to three temperature should be established by agreement between the
decimal places (1 µV) at 1 °C or 1 °F intervals. Tables 15-18 consumer and the producer. These thermocouple combinations
give emf values in microvolts to one decimal place (0.1 µV) at are supplied typically as matched pairs.
1 °C or 1 °F intervals. If greater precision is required, refer to 7. Table Information
the equation and coefficients listed for each thermocouple
alloy. 7.1 The following is a list of emf versus temperature tables
included in this guide.
4. Significance and Use Table Number Thermocouple Type Temperature Range
4.1 These thermocouple combinations have been developed Table 1 Tungsten versus Tungsten−26 % Rhenium 0 °C to 2315 °C
for specific applications by the wire manufacturer(s). If addi- Table 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten−26 % Rhenium 32 °F to 4200 °F
tional information is required, consult ASTM MNL 12 or one Table 3 Platinel II 0 °C to 1395 °C
Table 4 Platinel II 32 °F to 2543 °F
Table 5 KP versus Gold−0.07 % Iron −273 °C to 7 °C
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature
Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.04 on Thermo-
3
couples. Trademark of Engelhard Corp., Specialty Metals Division.
4
Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Alloy compositions are expressed in percentages by mass, except for the
published as E 1751-95. Last previous edition E 1751-95e1. gold−0.07 % iron alloy, which is given in atomic percent.
2 5
Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement, ASTM Nickel−18 % molybdenum versus nickel 0.8 % cobalt is supplied by Carpenter
Manual 12, ASTM, 1993. Technology as 20 alloy and 19 alloy.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 E 1751
Table 6 KP versus Gold−0.07 % Iron −459 °F to 44 °F T = the temperature in °C or °F. The coefficients used to
Table 7 Platinum−5 % Molybdenum versus Plati- 0 °C to 1600 °C
num−0.1 % Molybdenum
calculate each table are given at the end of the table.
Table 8 Platinum−5 % Molybdenum versus Plati- 32 °F to 2912 °F 7.3 Table 19 gives coefficients of inverse equations that may
num−0.1 % Molybdenum
Table 9 Platinum−40 % Rhodium versus Plati- 0 °C to 1888 °C
be used to compute approximate values of temperature (T) in
num−20 % Rhodium either °C or °F for each thermocouple combination. The
Table 10 Platinum−40 % Rhodium versus Plati- 32 °F to 3430 °F inverse equations are of the form:
num−20 % Rhodium
Table 11 Nickel−18 % Molybdenum versus −50 °C to 1410 °C T 5 b0 1 b1 E 1 b 2 E 2 1 ... bn En (2)
Nickel−0.8 % Cobalt
Table 12 Nickel−18 % Molybdenum versus −58 °F to 2570 °F except for the gold versus platinum thermocouple in the
Nickel−0.8 % Cobalt
Table 13 Iridium 40 % Rhodium versus Iridium 0 °C to 2110 °C ranges 209 °C to 1000 °C (408.2 °F to 1832 °F), where the
Table 14 Iridium 40 % Rhodium versus Iridium 32 °F to 3830 °F inverse equation is of the form:
Table 15 Gold versus Platinum 0 °C to 1000 °C
Table
Table
Table
16
17
18
Gold versus Platinum
Platinum versus Palladium
Platinum versus Palladium
32 °F to 1832 °F
0 °C to 1500 °C
32 °F to 2732 °F
T 5 b0 1
11
( bi
i51
S E 2 9645
7620 D i
(3)

Table 19 Polynomial Coefficients for the Computa-

tion of Temperatures in °C or °F as a
Function of Thermocouple emf
7.2 Tables 1-18 were derived from equations of the form:
E 5 c0 1 c1 T 1 c2 T 2 1 ... c n Tn
where:
E = the emf in millivolts (except for Tables 15-18 where E
is in microvolts), and
For these equations, the thermocouple emf (E) is in units of
millivolts, except for gold versus platinum and platinum versus
palladium thermocouples, for which the emf is in units of
microvolts.
7.3.1 Table 19 also gives the temperature range, emf range,
(1)
and error range of each inverse equation.

2
 E 1751
TABLE 1 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C),
reference junctions at 0°C

3
 E 1751
TABLE 1 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C),
reference junctions at 0°C Continued

4
 E 1751
TABLE 1 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C),
reference junctions at 0°C Continued

5
 E 1751
TABLE 1 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C),
reference junctions at 0°C Continued

6
 E 1751
TABLE 1 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C),
reference junctions at 0°C Continued

7
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F

8
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F Continued

9
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F Continued

10
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F Continued

11
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F Continued

12
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F Continued

13
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F Continued

14
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F Continued

15
 E 1751
TABLE 2 Tungsten versus Tungsten–26 % Rhenium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F),
reference junctions at 32°F Continued

16
 E 1751
TABLE 3 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C

17
 E 1751
TABLE 3 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

18
 E 1751
TABLE 3 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

19
 E 1751
TABLE 4 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F

20
 E 1751
TABLE 4 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

21
 E 1751
TABLE 4 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

22
 E 1751
TABLE 4 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

23
 E 1751
TABLE 4 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

24
 E 1751
TABLE 4 Platinel II thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

25
 E 1751
TABLE 5 K (Positive) versus Gold–0.07 % Iron thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference
junctions at 0°C

26
 E 1751
TABLE 5 K (Positive) versus Gold–0.07 % Iron thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference
junctions at 0°C Continued

27
 E 1751
TABLE 6 K (Positive) versus Gold–0.07 % Iron thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F

28
 E 1751
TABLE 6 K (Positive) versus Gold–0.07 % Iron thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F Continued

29
 E 1751
TABLE 7 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C

30
 E 1751
TABLE 7 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

31
 E 1751
TABLE 7 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

32
 E 1751
TABLE 7 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

33
 E 1751
TABLE 8 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F

34
 E 1751
TABLE 8 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

35
 E 1751
TABLE 8 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

36
 E 1751
TABLE 8 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

37
 E 1751
TABLE 8 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

38
 E 1751
TABLE 8 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

39
 E 1751
TABLE 8 Platinum–5 % Molybdenum versus Platinum–0.1 % Molybdenum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

40
 E 1751
TABLE 9 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C

41
 E 1751
TABLE 9 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

42
 E 1751
TABLE 9 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

43
 E 1751
TABLE 9 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

44
 E 1751
TABLE 9 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of
temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

45
 E 1751
TABLE 10 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F

46
 E 1751
TABLE 10 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F Continued

47
 E 1751
TABLE 10 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F Continued

48
 E 1751
TABLE 10 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F Continued

49
 E 1751
TABLE 10 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F Continued

50
 E 1751
TABLE 10 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F Continued

51
 E 1751
TABLE 10 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F Continued

52
 E 1751
TABLE 10 Platinum–40 % Rhodium versus Platinum–20 % Rhodium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference
junctions at 32°F Continued

TABLE 11 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junc-
tions at 0°C

53
 E 1751
TABLE 11 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junc-
tions at 0°C Continued

54
 E 1751
TABLE 11 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junc-
tions at 0°C Continued

55
 E 1751
TABLE 11 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junc-
tions at 0°C Continued

56
 E 1751
TABLE 11 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junc-
tions at 0°C Continued

TABLE 12 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junc-
tions at 32°F

57
 E 1751
TABLE 12 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junc-
tions at 32°F Continued

58
 E 1751
TABLE 12 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junc-
tions at 32°F Continued

59
 E 1751
TABLE 12 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junc-
tions at 32°F Continued

60
 E 1751
TABLE 12 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junc-
tions at 32°F Continued

61
 E 1751
TABLE 12 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junc-
tions at 32°F Continued

62
 E 1751
TABLE 12 Nickel–18 % Molybdenum versus Nickel–0.8 % Cobalt thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junc-
tions at 32°F Continued

63
 E 1751
TABLE 13 Iridium-40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C

64
 E 1751
TABLE 13 Iridium-40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at
0°C Continued

65
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TABLE 13 Iridium-40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at
0°C Continued

66
 E 1751
TABLE 13 Iridium-40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at
0°C Continued

67
 E 1751
TABLE 13 Iridium-40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at
0°C Continued

68
 E 1751
TABLE 14 Iridium−40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F

69
 E 1751
TABLE 14 Iridium−40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at
32°F Continued

70
 E 1751
TABLE 14 Iridium−40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at
32°F Continued

71
 E 1751
TABLE 14 Iridium−40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at
32°F Continued

72
 E 1751
TABLE 14 Iridium−40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at
32°F Continued

73
 E 1751
TABLE 14 Iridium−40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at
32°F Continued

74
 E 1751
TABLE 14 Iridium−40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at
32°F Continued

75
 E 1751
TABLE 14 Iridium−40 % Rhodium versus Iridium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at
32°F Continued

76
 E 1751
TABLE 15 Gold versus Platinum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C

77
 E 1751
TABLE 15 Gold versus Platinum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

78
 E 1751
TABLE 15 Gold versus Platinum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

79
 E 1751
TABLE 16 Gold versus Platinum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F

80
 E 1751
TABLE 16 Gold versus Platinum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

81
 E 1751
TABLE 16 Gold versus Platinum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

82
 E 1751
TABLE 16 Gold versus Platinum thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

83
 E 1751
TABLE 17 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C

84
 E 1751
TABLE 17 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

85
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TABLE 17 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

86
 E 1751
TABLE 17 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°C), reference junctions at 0°C Continued

87
 E 1751
TABLE 18 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F

88
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TABLE 18 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

89
 E 1751
TABLE 18 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

90
 E 1751
TABLE 18 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

91
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TABLE 18 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

92
 E 1751
TABLE 18 Platinum versus Palladium thermocouples—thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature (°F), reference junctions at 32°F Continued

93
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TABLE 19 Polynomial Coefficients for the Computation of Temperatures in °C or °F as a Function of the Thermocouple emf

94
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TABLE 19 Polynomial Coefficients for the Computation of Temperatures in °C or °F as a Function of the Thermocouple emf Continued

95
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TABLE 19 Polynomial Coefficients for the Computation of Temperatures in °C or °F as a Function of the Thermocouple emf Continued

96
 E 1751
TABLE 19 Polynomial Coefficients for the Computation of Temperatures in °C or °F as a Function of the Thermocouple emf Continued

97
 E 1751
TABLE 19 Polynomial Coefficients for the Computation of Temperatures in °C or °F as a Function of the Thermocouple emf Continued

98
 E 1751
8. Keywords
8.1 cobalt; coefficients; gold; iridium; iron; molybdenum;
nickel; palladium; platinel; platinum; polynomial; rhenium;
rhodium; thermocouple; tungsten

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99