754 Chopter 8 Suspended Growth Bislogice! Taotmen’ Processes hetesntrophic biomass under anosic conditions during the consamption of either rkCOD ‘or shor-chait: volatile fatty acids. The *6COD substrate consumed in the annoxie rexe= tor is from the influent wastewater plus that produced in the reactor by hydrolysis of influent pCOD and released biomass material due to cell Iyses. A general description of the ASMI model is included in Sec. 8-10. Anoxic Tank Design Using the Specific Denitrification Rate, The desktop design approach is based on using a specific denivifieation rate (SDNR), which is the nitrate reduction rate in the toxic Tank normalized to the MLSS concentration. ‘The amount of nitrate removed in the unusie tank is deseribed by Eq. (8-41). NO, = (¥g,){SDNR}(MLVSS} (ea) where NO, = nitrate removed. 2/1 V,,.. = anoxie tanh solute. 1° spocilic denutilication rate, g NO,-N /g MEVSS-4 SDNR MLVSS ~ mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration, mg/L. ‘Values of SDNR observed for preanoxic tanks in full-scale installations have renged from 0.04 to 0.42 g NO,Nég MIVSS-d (Burdick et al, 1982: Henze, 1997: Bradstrect antl Johnson, 1994; Reardon et al. 1996; Hoag et al. 1997 and Murakami und Babcock, 1998). For postunoxie denitrification without an exogenous carbon source, observed SDNRs have ranged from 0101 to 0.04 g N/g MLVSS-d, Based on observed denivritication rates in pilot-plant and foll-scabe plants. empiri- cal relationships have been developed that relate SDNR to the BOD or COD F/M ratio for the preanorxic tank (US. FPA, 1993}. One commonly used relationship is deseribed as (Burdick et al, 1982; US. EPA. 1993) SDNR = 0.03(F/M} ~ (1029 (8-42) where F/M = g BOD applted/y MLVSS-d in the anoxic tank “The above relationship was based on data collected for anoicfaerobie processes at rixed liquor temperatures in the range of 20 to 25°C. A conservative SDNR estimate can be made using Eq, (8-42) because the MLVSS in the systems evaluated contained a relatively low active biomass traction and the wastewater had a relatively low thCOD concentration. Such empisival relationships as described above are limited in appliva- tion because the SDNR depends on a cumnber of factors that are site- and design-specific, including the fraction of acvi.e biomaxs im the mixed fiquor, f»COD concentration in the ‘anoxic rane, and temperature. The above factors are affected by the size of the anoxic ‘zone, influent wastewater r6COD and nbVSS concentrations, and design SRT. Thus, these empirical relationships can provide arly a rough estimate of the SNR. Design SDNR values at 20°C are presemtad on Fig, 8-23, The values axe generally applicable and can be used for wastewaters with different fractions of rbCOD {bCODCOD) and inert nonbiodegradahie volatile solids. On Fig. 8-23, the F/M, ratio and SDNR, values are based only on the active heterotrophic biomass concentrs- tion in the mixed liquor, so that the rates can be applicable to many situations regard- Jess of the amount of nondegradable solids in the mixed liquor and the SRT. The F/M,